Pilot-scale enrichment of anammox biofilm using secondary effluent as source water

Abstract Enough biomass of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria is essential for maintaining a stable partial nitrification/anammox (PN/A) wastewater treatment system. Present enrichment procedures are mainly labor-intensive and inconvenient for up-scaling. A simplified procedure was developed for enrichment of anammox biofilm by using secondary effluent as source water with no supplement of mineral medium and unstrict control of influent dissolved oxygen (DO). Anammox biofilm was successfully enriched in two pilot-scale reactors (XQ-cul and BT-cul) within 250 and 120 days, respectively. The specific anammox activity increased rapidly during the last 2 months in both reactors and achieved 2.54 g N2-N/(m2·d) in XQ-cul and 1.61 g N2-N/(m2·d) in BT-cul. Similar microbial diversity and community structure were obtained in the two reactors despite different secondary effluent being applied from two wastewater treatment plants. Anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria genera abundance reached up to 37.4% and 43.1% in XQ-cul and BT-cul biofilm, respectively. Candidatus Brocadia and Ca. Kuenenia dominated the enriched biofilm. A negligible adverse effect of residual organics and influent DO was observed by using secondary effluent as source water. This anammox biofilm enrichment procedure could facilitate the inoculation and/or bio-augmentation of large-scale mainstream PN/A reactors.

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Immobilization of Anammox biomass in sodium alginate

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20184400008 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 00008 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anna Banach ◽

Aneta Pudlo ◽

Aleksandra Ziembińska-Buczyńska

Keyword(s):

Sodium Alginate ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Anammox Bacteria ◽

Ammonium Oxidation ◽

Promising Technique ◽

Nitrogen Gas ◽

Slow Growth Rate ◽

Anammox Activity ◽

And Chemical Properties

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a process of ammonium and nitrite conversion into nitrogen gas. Nowadays, anammox is applied into many wastewater treatment plants worldwide. However, anammox bacteria are characterized by a slow growth rate, which may cause problems in maintaining the biomass in the system. The promising technique which can help to maintain the biomass in the reactor and effectively prevent loss of anammox bacteria from a system is immobilization. Selection and optimization of the appropriate immobilization technique for investigated biomass is crucial for conducting an effective process. One of the ways for bacteria immobilization is gel entrapment. The main goal of the study was to test sodium alginate as an immobilization medium for anammox biomass. In the present study procedure of immobilization in sodium alginate was optimised, then the mechanical and chemical properties of the obtained pellets were investigated. Series of batch experiments revealed that immobilized anammox biomass was able to remove ammonia and nitrite nitrogen effectively. The calculated specific anammox activity (SAA) for immobilized anammox biomass was 0.18 g N·gVSS-1·d-1, while for non-immobilized biomass was 0.36 g N·gVSS-1·d-1.

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Effects of biotin on promoting anammox bacterial activity

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-81738-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Qinyu Li ◽

Jinhui Chen ◽

Guo-hua Liu ◽

Xianglong Xu ◽

Qian Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Slow Growth ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Bacterial Biomass ◽

Anammox Bacteria ◽

Ammonium Oxidation ◽

Short Term ◽

Anammox Activity ◽

Total Nitrogen Removal

AbstractAnaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria significantly improve the efficiency and reduce cost of nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment plants. However, their slow growth and vulnerable activity limit the application of anammox technology. In this paper, the enhancement of biotin on the nitrogen removal activity of anammox bacteria in short-term batch experiments was studied. We found that biotin played a significant role in promoting anammox activity within a biotin concentration range of 0.1–1.5 mg/L. At a biotin concentration of 1.0 mg/L, the total nitrogen removal rate (NRR) increased by 112%, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) secretion and heme production significantly improved, and anammox bacterial biomass increased to maximum levels. Moreover, the predominant genus of anammox bacteria was Candidatus Brocadia.

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An Analysis of Operation Conditions and Microbial Characteristics in Swine Wastewater Treatment Plants with Spontaneously Enriched Anammox Bacteria

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9061010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 1010

Author(s):

Miyoko Waki ◽

Chikako Ishimoto ◽

Ryu Suto ◽

Takafumi Nagamine ◽

Toshimi Matsumoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Swine Wastewater ◽

Continuous Reactor ◽

Anammox Bacteria ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Operation Conditions ◽

Microbial Characteristics ◽

Anammox Activity ◽

Treatment Facilities

The spontaneous enrichment of anammox bacteria has been reported in swine wastewater treatment facilities. However, their causative conditions and microbial characteristics, which this study aims to explain, are poorly understood. We discovered eight treatment facilities where the collected red biofilms exhibited high anammox activity levels at 57–843 µmol-N2/g-ignition loss (IL)/h and anammox DNA concentrations of 4.3 × 108–1.6 × 1012 copies/g-IL. The facilities used various wastewater treatment methods—six of them employed a multi-stage continuous reactor, whereas aeration tanks were continuously aerated at another combination of six facilities. Levels of dissolved oxygen (DO) in these tanks were fairly low at ≤1 mg/L. Pyrosequencing of the biofilms indicated the presence of 3–62.5% Planctomycetes, and the dominant anammox in each biofilm comprised three operational taxonomic units (OTUs) similar to Candidatus Jettenia asiatica, Ca. Brocadia fulgida, and Ca. B. caroliniensis. This suggested that some particular species of anammox bacteria naturally thrive when operating a swine wastewater treatment facility at low DO levels. The frequent enrichment of anammox biofilms at the sampled sites indicated that these treatment facilities were good seed sources of anammox; therefore, anammox treatment would be a viable method for the removal of nitrogen from swine wastewater.

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Nitrogen Removal by a Nitritation-Anammox Bioreactor at Low Temperature

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.03987-12 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 79 (8) ◽

pp. 2807-2812 ◽

Cited By ~ 180

Author(s):

Ziye Hu ◽

Tommaso Lotti ◽

Merle de Kreuk ◽

Robbert Kleerebezem ◽

Mark van Loosdrecht ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Municipal Wastewater ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Batch Reactor ◽

Cost Savings ◽

Anammox Bacteria ◽

Nitrite Accumulation ◽

Ammonium Oxidation

ABSTRACTCurrently, nitritation-anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) bioreactors are designed to treat wastewaters with high ammonium concentrations at mesophilic temperatures (25 to 40°C). The implementation of this technology at ambient temperatures for nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater following carbon removal may lead to more-sustainable technology with energy and cost savings. However, the application of nitritation-anammox bioreactors at low temperatures (characteristic of municipal wastewaters except in tropical and subtropical regions) has not yet been explored. To this end, a laboratory-scale (5-liter) nitritation-anammox sequencing batch reactor was adapted to 12°C in 10 days and operated for more than 300 days to investigate the feasibility of nitrogen removal from synthetic pretreated municipal wastewater by the combination of aerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and anammox. The activities of both anammox and AOB were high enough to remove more than 90% of the supplied nitrogen. Multiple aspects, including the presence and activity of anammox, AOB, and aerobic nitrite oxidizers (NOB) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission, were monitored to evaluate the stability of the bioreactor at 12°C. There was no nitrite accumulation throughout the operational period, indicating that anammox bacteria were active at 12°C and that AOB and anammox bacteria outcompeted NOB. Moreover, our results showed that sludge from wastewater treatment plants designed for treating high-ammonium-load wastewaters can be used as seeding sludge for wastewater treatment plants aimed at treating municipal wastewater that has a low temperature and low ammonium concentrations.

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A study about the use of chemicals in conventional tertiary treatment. Performances comparison of three municipal wastewater treatment plants and pilot plant experiences

Water Practice & Technology ◽

10.2166/wpt.2011.005 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

A. Iborra-Clar ◽

J.A. Mendoza-Roca ◽

A. Bes-Pií ◽

J.J. Morenilla-Martínez ◽

I. Bernácer-Bonora ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Pilot Plant ◽

Municipal Wastewater ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Secondary Effluent ◽

Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽

Wastewater Reclamation ◽

Valencian Region ◽

Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

Rainfall diminution in the last years has entailed water scarcity in plenty of European regions, especially in Mediterranean areas. As a consequence, regional water authorities have enhanced wastewater reclamation and reuse. Thus, the implementation of tertiary treatments has become of paramount importance in the municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) of Valencian Region (Spain). Conventional tertiary treatments consist of a physico-chemical treatment of the secondary effluent followed by sand filtration and UV radiation. However, the addition of coagulants and flocculants sometimes does not contribute significantly in the final water quality. In this work, results of 20-months operation of three WWTP in Valencian Region with different tertiary treatments (two without chemicals addition and another with chemicals addition) are discussed. Besides, experiments with a 2 m3/h pilot plant located in the WWTP Quart-Benager in Valencia were performed in order to evaluate with the same secondary effluent the effect of the chemicals addition on the final water quality. Results showed that the addition of chemicals did not improve the final water quality significantly. These results were observed both comparing the three full scale plants and in the pilot plant operation.

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Bottlenecks in the Implementation of On-Site Wastewater Treatment Plants on a Large Scale in The Netherlands

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1990.0214 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 22 (3-4) ◽

pp. 291-298

Author(s):

Frits A. Fastenau ◽

Jaap H. J. M. van der Graaf ◽

Gerard Martijnse

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Large Scale ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Housing Stock ◽

Research Work ◽

Field Research ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Research Programme ◽

Definition Of

More than 95 % of the total housing stock in the Netherlands is connected to central sewerage systems and in most cases the wastewater is treated biologically. As connection to central sewerage systems has reached its economic limits, interest in on-site treatment of the domestic wastewater of the remaining premises is increasing. A large scale research programme into on-site wastewater treatment up to population equivalents of 200 persons has therefore been initiated by the Dutch Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and Environment. Intensive field-research work did establish that the technological features of most on-site biological treatment systems were satisfactory. A large scale implementation of these systems is however obstructed in different extents by problems of an organisational, financial and/or juridical nature and management difficulties. At present research is carried out to identify these bottlenecks and to analyse possible solutions. Some preliminary results are given which involve the following ‘bottlenecks':-legislation: absence of co-ordination and absence of a definition of ‘surface water';-absence of subsidies;-ownership: divisions in task-setting of Municipalities and Waterboards; divisions involved with cost-sharing;-inspection; operational control and maintenance; organisation of management;-discharge permits;-pollution levy;-sludge disposal. Final decisions and practical elaboration of policies towards on-site treatment will have to be formulated in a broad discussion with all the authorities and interest groups involved.

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Ammonia removal in a pilot-scale WSP complex in Northeast Brazil

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1996.0135 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 33 (7) ◽

pp. 165-171 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

J. Soares ◽

S. A. Silva ◽

R. de Oliveira ◽

A. L. C. Araujo ◽

D. D. Mara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Ammonia Removal ◽

Northeast Brazil ◽

Environmental Legislation ◽

Aerobic Conditions ◽

High Degree

Ammonia removal was monitored in a waste stabilisation pond complex comprising ponds of different geometries and depths under two different operational regimes. It was found that a high degree of ammonia removal commenced in the secondary maturation ponds, with the highest removals occurring in the shallowest ponds as a consequence of improved aerobic conditions. The tertiary maturation ponds produced effluents with mean ammonia concentrations of < 5 mg N/l, the maximum permitted recommended by Brazilian environmental legislation for the discharge of effluents of wastewater treatment plants into surface waters. Ammonia removal in the secondary facultative and maturation ponds could be modelled using equations based on the volatilization mechanism proposed by Middlebrooks et al. (1982).

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Occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Six Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants at the Early Stage of COVID-19 Pandemic in The United States

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10070798 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 798

Author(s):

Samendra P. Sherchan ◽

Shalina Shahin ◽

Jeenal Patel ◽

Lauren M. Ward ◽

Sarmila Tandukar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Municipal Wastewater ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

The United States ◽

Secondary Effluent ◽

Untreated Wastewater ◽

Treatment Processes ◽

Wastewater Samples

In this study, we investigated the occurrence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in primary influent (n = 42), secondary effluent (n = 24) and tertiary treated effluent (n = 34) collected from six wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs A–F) in Virginia (WWTP A), Florida (WWTPs B, C, and D), and Georgia (WWTPs E and F) in the United States during April–July 2020. Of the 100 wastewater samples analyzed, eight (19%) untreated wastewater samples collected from the primary influents contained SARS-CoV-2 RNA as measured by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assays. SARS-CoV-2 RNA were detected in influent wastewater samples collected from WWTP A (Virginia), WWTPs E and F (Georgia) and WWTP D (Florida). Secondary and tertiary effluent samples were not positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA indicating the treatment processes in these WWTPs potentially removed SARS-CoV-2 RNA during the secondary and tertiary treatment processes. However, further studies are needed to understand the log removal values (LRVs) and transmission risks of SARS-CoV-2 RNA through analyzing wastewater samples from a wider range of WWTPs.

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A proposed sustainable BNR plant with the emphasis on recovery of COD and phosphate

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2003.0021 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 77-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

X.-D. Hao ◽

M.C.M. van Loosdrecht

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Municipal Wastewater ◽

Water Environment ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Ammonium Oxidation ◽

Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Water Problems ◽

Sustainable Wastewater Treatment ◽

The Impact

Water problems have to be solved in an integrated way, and sustainability has become a major issue. For this reason, developing more sustainable wastewater treatment processes is needed. New discoveries and good understanding on microbial conversions of nitrogen and phosphorus make more sustainable processes possible. New options for decentralized sustainable sanitation are generally compared to conventional sewage systems, we think that for a proper comparison also innovative centralized treatment schemes should be evaluated. In this article, a more sustainable WWTP is proposed for municipal wastewater treatment, mainly based on the principles of denitrifying dephosphatation and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX). The proposed system consists of a first stage of the A/B process in which maximal sludge production is achieved. In this way, COD is regained as sludge for methanation. The following BCFS® and CANON processes can remove N and P with minimal or no COD need. As a potential fertiliser, struvite can easily be removed from the sludge water by adding magnesium compounds. A case study is done on the basis of the mass balance over the proposed plant. The effluent from the system has a good quality to be recycled. This could also make a contribution to meeting the world's water needs and lessening the impact on the world's water environment. Since all the separate units are already applied or tested on pilot-scale, no problems for technical implementation are foreseen.

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Influence of Hydraulic Loading Rate on Horizontal Zeolite Wetland Effluent Quality

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.573-574.659 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 573-574 ◽

pp. 659-662

Author(s):

Hao Wang

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Loading Rate ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Secondary Effluent ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus Removal ◽

Hydraulic Loading Rate ◽

Effluent Quality ◽

Hydraulic Loading

In Tangshan area, the secondary effluent of wastewater treatment plants was used for this study. Horizontal zeolite wetland was carried out treating it. Hydraulic loading rate was the parameters for analyzing the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency of pollutants from the secondary effluent of wastewater treatment plant. Zeolite constructed wetlands showed different behaviors for nitrogen and phosphorus removals.Under the optimum hydraulic loading rate, the primary pollutions were removed to a large extent.

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