scholarly journals Kaunas of 1919-1939: a temporary capital built by its citizens

Artifex Novus ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 38-57
Author(s):  
Vaidas Petrulis
Keyword(s):  
Identity Construction ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Cultural Events ◽  
Exceptional Collection ◽  
Architectural Development ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
National Romanticism ◽  
The City

W latach 1919-1939, wskutek sytuacji politycznej, Kowno zyskało status tymczasowej stolicy Litwy. Te dwie dekady, w czasie których miasto było centrum wielu ważkich wydarzeń politycznych, ekonomicznych i kulturalnych, znacznie przyczyniły się do stworzenia tożsamości Kowna. W tym okresie miał miejsce boom architektoniczny, który zaowocował pojawieniem się wyjątkowej grupy budynków, charakteryzujących się unikalnym połączeniem rozmaitych wpływów i interpretacji modernizmu oraz narodowego romantyzmu. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia historyczny przegląd kulturalnych i ekonomicznych okoliczności, które wpłynęły na rozwój budownictwa w Kownie w okresie dwudziestolecia międzywojennego. Due to the political circumstances from 1919 to 1939 the city of Kaunas had a status of provisional capital of Lithuania. Two decades of being at the epicentre of political, economic and cultural events greatly contributed to the creation of the city‘s identity. Construction boom of these years left an exceptional collection of architecture behind, with a unique combination of different influences and interpretations of modernism and national romanticism. This article will give a historical overview of cultural and economic circumstances which influenced architectural development between two World Wars.

scholarly journals A POLÍTICA DE CARIDADE, ASSISTÊNCIA E PROTEÇÃO À INFÂNCIA DESVALIDA EM BELÉM DO PARÁ: DO IMPÉRIO À REPÚBLICA

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Laura Maria Silva Araújo Alves
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Protection Policy ◽  
Childhood Care ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

<p>O objetivo deste artigo é trazer a lume a política de caridade, assistência e proteção à infância desvalida em Belém do Pará, do período que se estende do Império à República. No século XIX, a infância deveria ser assistida na capital do Pará em decorrência da política idealizada e implementada pela elite paraense. Assim, a infância que precisava ser assistida era designada de “órfã” e “exposta”. A primeira, dizia respeito, também, à criança que tinha perdido um dos pais, e a segunda, chamada, também, “enjeitada” ou “desvalida”, correspondia à criança que alguém não quis cuidar ou receber. Este artigo está divido em três partes. Na primeira, situo a cidade de Belém do Pará, em termos políticos, econômicos e sociais, no cenário do Brasil República, em interface com a infância. Na segunda parte, destaco as políticas assistenciais e filantrópicas no atendimento à infância no Pará e o ideário higienista. E, por fim, na terceira, trago à cena algumas instituições que foram criadas em Belém do Pará, no período do Império à República, para abrigar a criança órfã e desvalida.</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>The objective of this article is to bring to light the charity, assistance and protection policy for disfavored childhood in Belém-PA, from the period of the Empire to the Brazilian Republic. In the 19th century, children should be assisted in the capital of the state of  Pará as a result of the political idealization implemented by this state’s elite. Therefore, the ones who needed to be assisted were designated as “orphans” or “exposed”. The former ones, not exclusively, were the children who had lost one of their parents; the latter ones, also referred to as “rejected” or “disfavored”, corresponded to the children none would look after or welcome. This article is divided into three parts. In the first, the city of  Belém is situated in political, economic and social terms, interfaced with childhood, in the scenario of the Brazilian Republic. In the second, the assistance and philanthropic policies for childhood care, as well as the hygienist ideas, are highlighted. Finally, institutions created to shelter orphan and disfavored children in Belém, from the period of the Empire to the Republic, are brought to centre stage.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Grão Pará. Childhood. Disfavored Children. Hygienism. Welfarism. Philantropy.</p>

The Material Frame

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-52
Author(s):  
Walter Armbrust
Keyword(s):  
General Character ◽  
The Political ◽  
Garden City ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Performance Space ◽  
Tahrir Square ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Material Frame ◽  
The City ◽  
The Revolution

This chapter discusses the material frame of Tahrir Square. As a space, it has been shaped by the political-economic policies of the past four decades, which essentially turned it into an antihuman space, nominally suitable only as a “nonplace” that people passed through. A liberalized economy under the umbrella of a state that systematically redistributed income upward shaped demands for “bread, freedom, and social justice” as surely as it walled off Bulaq from communication with its urban surroundings, segregated Garden City to protect the imperial agents of the “Washington consensus,” and prepared downtown for private redevelopment. The causes of the revolution were inscribed in the urban fabric of its primary theater. It should be emphasized that the revolution-era character of Tahrir Square is incomprehensible without linking it to the growth of the formal parts of the expanding city, specifically the suburbs and their gated communities. But it is equally incomprehensible without similarly linking it to the even more significant growth of the informal parts of the city, and indeed the more general character of informality in many spheres of life, most significantly labor, which was systematically made precarious by the same design that poured resources into the new cities and slated Bulaq for extinction. However, the quotidian antihuman Tahrir Square depicted in the chapter has greater depth as a performance space than one might think.

scholarly journals Music Subculture versus Class Revolutionaries: Czech Antifascism in the Postsocialist Era

Fascism ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 56-74
Author(s):  
Ondřej Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Main Group ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Class Politics ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Cultural Events ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Over Time

Abstract With its roots in the political, economic and social changes of 1989/1990, the Czech antifascist movement was initially characterized by its young supporters, who came mostly from subcultural and anarchist circles. When violent far-right skinheads increased their attacks in the country between 1990 and 1992, local antifascists were the main group to physically confront them. Three decades later, as a result of generational and tactical changes, Czech antifascists’ agenda is largely at odds with the class politics that drive important parts of the anarchist movement. At the same time, the antifascist movement retains some subcultural traits that have become depoliticized. Its strategy is now limited to monitoring far-right activists online and running cultural events. This study analyzes internal debates over the antifascist movement’s positions and reflects on their development over time.

scholarly journals ШУМЕН ПО ВРЕМЕ НА ВТОРАТА СВЕТОВНА ВОЙНА

2021 ◽  
Vol XXХII A (1) ◽  
pp. 139-158
Author(s):  
Бисер Георгиев ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The City ◽  
Second World

This article traces the development of the city of Shumen and partly of the Shumen region during the Second World War. Some important issues of the political, economic and cultural development of the city and the region are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the prosperity of the city of Shumen, which is mainly due to the fact that many of the senior representatives of the executive power were born in this city.

The Usage and Upshots of Social Networking Sites: A Study among Students of Engineering Colleges in Kozhikode City, Kerala

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (S1) ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
V. Shilpa ◽  
P. K. Sreekala
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
The Political ◽  
Satisfaction Level ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The City

Social Networking Sites (SNS) which is a popular mode of communication in present era is one of the well flourished tools of web 2.0 technology. It offers a varied spectrum of resources and services to the user community like messaging, blogging, sharing pictures, videos, events, interests with people in their network anywhere in the globe. It has a phenomenal influence in the political, economic, and educational domains of our social life. It has bought an evident makeover in the attitude, personality and academic performance of students who are the most ardent users of Social media. The main objective of this study is to examine the various aspects of usage of SNS like purpose and frequency, impact on academics, satisfaction level etc. Among engineering college students in the city of Kozhikode, Kerala. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data from a representative sample. The study unveils that majority of students uses SNS as an interactive platform for friendly communication and academic usage is comparatively less. Awareness need to be raised for the intelligent usage of social media by educating students about the applications, benefits, and risks related with social networking sites.

scholarly journals Power, Nature, and the City. The Conquest of Water and the Political Ecology of Urbanization in Guayaquil, Ecuador: 1880–1990

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Swyngedouw
Keyword(s):  
Political Ecology ◽  
Social Power ◽  
The Political ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Urbanization Process ◽  
Supply Condition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Relations Of Power ◽  
The City

In this paper, I seek to explore how the circulation of water is embedded in the political ecology of power, through which the urbanization process unfolds. I attempt to reconstruct the urbanization process as simultaneously a political-economic and ecological process. This will be discussed through the exploration of the history of the urbanization of water in Guayaquil, Ecuador. As approximately 36% of its two million inhabitants has no access to piped potable water, water becomes subject to an intense social struggle for control and/or access. Mechanisms of exclusion from and access to water, particularly in cities which have a problematic water-supply condition, lay bare how both the transformation of nature and the urbanization process are organized in and through mechanisms of social power. In order to unravel the relations of power that are inscribed in the way the urbanization of nature unfolded I document and analyze the historical geography of water control in the context of the political ecology of Guayaquil's urbanization. In short, Guayaquil's urbanization process is written from the perspective of the drive to urbanize and domesticate nature's water and the parallel necessity to push the ecological frontier outward as the city expands. I show how this political ecology of urbanization takes place through deeply exclusive and marginalizing processes that structure relations of access to and exclusion from access to nature's water.

scholarly journals Els orígens de l’Estudi General de Girona: uns començaments que es faran esperar

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Xavier Torres
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Key Words ◽  
The Political ◽  
General View ◽  
Early Modern History ◽  
Secular Evolution ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The City

Resum: Els orígens i la trajectòria mateixa de l’Estudi General de Girona (1446-1717) són força mal coneguts encara, sobretot per unes mancances documentals que semblen de mal solucionar a curt i potser a llarg termini. En aquestes pàgines s’ofereix, doncs, una síntesi de l’evolució del vell Estudi gironí, tot remarcant el seus inicis més aviat tardans, a la segona meitat del segle xvi, és a dir, un segle després de l’obtenció del pertinent privilegi reial. Aquesta lenta arrencada de la universitat gironina es pot explicar per les vicissituds polítiques, econòmiques i religioses tant del període com de la ciutat de Girona. Paraules clau: Universitat, Girona, Època moderna, Estudis superiors Abstract: The origins and the secular evolution of the Estudi General de Girona are not yet well known because of a notorious lack of sources. Such a problem does not seem to have an easy solution in the short and even long term. Therefore, only a general view can be offered at the moment. Such a survey remarks the laborious beginnings of the old Girona university, a century after the perceptive royal permission was given. Besides, the long way of the Estudi is related to the political, economic and religious events of the period, as well as the city. Key words: University, Girona, Early Modern History, University studies

scholarly journals Ethnic-Demographic Changes in the Data of the Statistical Sources of the City of Vilnius (1920–1939)

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-146
Author(s):  
Vitalija Stravinskienė
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Factors ◽  
The Political ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Polish Population ◽  
Cultural Education ◽  
Education Centre ◽  
Ethnic Policy ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The City

The article deals with the ethnic-demographic developments in the city of Vilnius in 1920–1939, the ‘Polish’ period, when Poles in 1920 occupied Vilnius by armed means and quickly incorporated it into Poland. Due to political, socio-economic and cultural factors (the ethnic policy undertaken by Poland, the importance of Vilnius as the political-economic, cultural-education centre, processes of intensive migration, etc), significant ethnic-demographic changes occurred in the city. It became an attractive object for the Polish population, the number of people of Polish nationality, mainly due to migration, increased steadily (from 70,000 in 1920, to about 130,000 in 1939). During the discussed period, Vilnius was a Polish-Jewish city, in which by 1939, Poles accounted for about 66 per cent, and Jews about 29 per cent of the city’s population.

scholarly journals Justice as a criterion for assessing the ‘quality’ of urban space (and the happiness of its residents)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 704-714
Author(s):  
I. V Trotsuk
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Differentiation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The City

The article is a review-reflection on the book by D. Harvey Social Justice and the City (Moscow: New Literary Review; 2018). Despite the fact that social justice is in the title of the book as its focus, the researcher of justice would be disappointed, because justice is rather a cross-cutting idea of the political-economic analysis of the spatial organization of the city; however, the results of this analysis would inevitably make the reader think in terms of justice-injustice. Such a presentation of justice together with the eclectic text can become advantages of the book for researchers of social well-being: if the place of residence is a criterion of life satisfaction, the quality of the place of residence (including fair urban planning and the type of social differentiation of the urban space) significantly influences social well-being, which the author shows very convincingly in both liberal and socialist (in his terms) discourses, but clearly prefers the Marxist methodology supplemented by some other conceptual approaches.

scholarly journals Reseña de la Jornada de Discusión sobre la Reforma Política del Distrito Federal / Review of the Discussion Day on the Political Reform of the Federal District, Mexico

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 469
Author(s):  
Diego Franco ◽  
Martha Schteingart ◽  
Vicente Ugalde
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Political Reform ◽  
The Political ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
Distrito Federal ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The City

El 14 de noviembre de 2014 el Centro de Estudios Demográficos, Urbanos y Ambientales de El Colegio de México llevó a cabo una jornada de discusión en la que fue tratada la denominada Reforma Política del Distrito Federal. El propósito del encuentro fue escuchar a especialistas en temas relacionados con la actividad política, económica y social de la ciudad para conocer y analizar la reforma que actualmente está en proceso legislativo en el Senado de la República. Nos interesaba escuchar las opiniones de los expertos sobre las implicaciones de la reforma en aspectos como el estatus político y constitucional de la que será denominada “Ciudad de México”, los derechos y obligaciones de sus habitantes (de los ciudadanos, de los vecinos…), en aspectos como los presupuestales y financieros, la participación ciudadana, y la desigualdad social y la pobreza, entre otros. Algunas de las interrogantes que animaron la realización de esta jornada de discusión fueron respecto a qué ventajas supone el cambio de nombre de Distrito Federal a Ciudad de México; qué implicaciones concretas tiene darle una definición jurídica a la Ciudad de México; sobre si la añeja reivindicación de los “derechos plenos” se verá satisfecha con la Reforma, es decir si esos cambios propiciarán una ciudad más justa, más competitiva, más moderna y más democrática; en fin, si la convertirán en un lugar en donde el disfrute de derechos y libertades sea más accesible. La jornada comprendió dos mesas redondas: en la primera la Reforma se discutió desde una perspectiva política e institucional, mientras que en la segunda el énfasis se puso en aspectos sociales y económicos. En las siguientes páginas se presenta una versión resumida, pero apegada a las intervenciones de los participantes.Abstract:On November 14, 2014, the Center for Demographic, Urban and Environmental Studies at El Colegio de México organized a discussion day to address the Federal District Political Reform. The purpose of the meeting was to listen to experts on issues related to the political, economic and social activity of the city to learn about and discuss the reform currently under legislation in the Senate. We were interested in hearing the views of experts on the implications of the reform in areas such as the political and constitutional status of what will be called “Mexico City”, the rights and obligations of its inhabitants (citizens, residents...) in areas such as budgetary and financial aspects, citizen participation, social inequality and poverty, and so on. Some of the questions that led to the organization of this discussion day were the advantages of renaming the Federal District as Mexico City; the practical implications of providing a legal definition for Mexico; and whether the longstanding demand for “full rights” will be met through the reform, in other words, whether these changes will lead to a fairer, more competitive, more modern and more democratic city; in short, whether they will make it a place where the enjoyment of rights and freedoms is more accessible.  The event comprised two panel discussions: in the first, the reform was discussed from a political and institutional perspective; whereas in the second, emphasis was placed on social and economic aspects. Below is a condensed yet faithful version of the partici­pants’ interventions.

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