scholarly journals Sport i rekreacja przy wybranych akwenach objętych zakwitami alg i sinic na przykładzie wybranych zbiorników Polski

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-117
Author(s):  
Justyna Pacelt ◽  
Wojciech Szeligiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Recreational Activity ◽  
Basic Resource ◽  
Holiday Season ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Toxic Blooms ◽  
Financial Losses

The water environment constitutes a basic resource for not only human life but also recreational activity during the holiday season. In reservoirs with high trophic level caused mainly by water contamination, algal blooms occur. This phenomenon is especially intensive in spring and than in summer and affects the use of water reservoirs and coastal areas by people. One type, toxic blooms, is very dangerous for human health. If people who use the reservoir for recreational and professional purposes are unaware of the occurrence of this type of bloom, it may cause serious health problems and financial losses. To avoid this situation, cooperation among institutions which monitor water conditions on each reservoir must be established.

Phosphorus transport in saturated slag columns: experiments and mathematical models

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Lee ◽  
S. Vigneswaran ◽  
K. Bajracharya
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Dynamic Condition ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Column Experiments ◽  
Phosphorus Transport ◽  
Waste Products

Excessive phosphorus (P as orthophosphate) is one of the major pollutants in natural water that are responsible for algal blooms and eutrophication. P removal by slag is an attractive solution if the P sorption capacity of slag is significant. To design an efficient land treatment facility, basic information on the behaviour of P in the media-water environment is required. In this study, detailed column experiments were conducted to study the P transport under dynamic condition, and mathematical models were developed to describe this process. The column experiments conducted with dust and cake waste products (slag) from a steel industry as adsorbing indicated that they had higher sorption capacity of P than that of a sandy loam soil from North Sydney, Australia. P transport in the dust and cake columns exhibited characteristic S-shaped or curvilinear breakthrough curves. The simulated results from a dynamic physical nonequilibrium sorption model (DPNSM) and Freundlich isotherm constants satisfactorily matched the corresponding experimental breakthrough data. The mobility of P is restricted by the adsorbents and it is proportional to the sorption capacity of them.

Application of Artificial Intelligence to Gearbox Fault Diagnosis

2016 ◽  
pp. 536-562
Author(s):  
Anand Parey ◽  
Amandeep Singh Ahuja
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Propulsion Systems ◽  
Marine Propulsion ◽  
Rotary Machines ◽  
Domestic Appliances ◽  
Financial Losses ◽  
Significant Milestone

Gearboxes are employed in a wide variety of applications, ranging from small domestic appliances to the rather gigantic power plants and marine propulsion systems. Gearbox failure may not only result in significant financial losses resulting from downtime of machinery but may also place human life at risk. Gearbox failure in transmission systems of warships and single engine aircraft, beside other military applications, is unacceptable. The criticality of the gearbox in rotary machines has resulted in enormous effort on the part of researchers to develop new and efficient methods of diagnosing faults in gearboxes so that timely rectification can be undertaken before catastrophic failure occurs. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been a significant milestone in automated gearbox fault diagnosis (GFD). This chapter reviews over a decade of research efforts on fault diagnosis of gearboxes with AI techniques. Some of areas of AI in GFD which still merit attention have been identified and discussed at the end of the chapter.

The effect of algal blooms on fish in their inshore nursery grounds in the Gulf of Gdańsk

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Anna J. Pawelec ◽  
Mariusz R. Sapota ◽  
Justyna Kobos
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Cyanobacterial Bloom ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Fish Abundance ◽  
Gulf Of Gdańsk ◽  
Nodularia Spumigena ◽  
Toxic Blooms ◽  
Gulf Of Gdansk

Studies of cyanobacterial bloom dynamics show that the highest biomass accumulation of Nodularia spumigena is observed in the shallowest area of the Gulf of Gdańsk in summer. In the same region and time, the highest fish abundance is observed. Mostly young individuals of gobies, small sandeel, flounder, three-spine stickleback and young herring occur. In this work we compare how toxic blooms of cyanobacteria influence the number and structure of fish communities in a coastal zone. The results obtained in our study were rather unexpected. More fish species were caught and the biomass of fish was higher during a bloom than in a month following the sampling (no bloom).

scholarly journals Modeling Financial Losses Resulting from Tornadoes in European Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Grieser ◽  
Francesca Terenzi
Keyword(s):  
Intensity Distribution ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Severe Weather ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Average Annual Loss ◽  
Average Loss ◽  
Financial Losses ◽  
Vulnerability Functions

Abstract Tornadoes are a notorious, common threat to human life and property in the United States. Although less common, violent tornadoes are also reported in Europe. The authors aim for an estimation of the average annual loss ratio of European buildings due to tornadoes. An aggregated loss model is used that takes as input the tornado intensity distribution over the Fujita scale (F scale), the distribution of tornado footprint sizes per F class, the vulnerability of European buildings, and the average occurrence rate of tornadoes. Information about these variables is taken from the European Severe Weather Database and, where needed, from the U.S. Storm Prediction Center tornado database, which contains about 16 times more records. However, both databases are biased. Weak tornadoes are underrepresented. Therefore a bias-corrected tornado intensity distribution is used, with its uncertainty taken from the literature. Individual tornadoes are modeled as moving Rankine vortices creating elliptic footprints with correlated length and width. This allows for the estimation of the area fraction of a tornado footprint with lower wind speeds than the maximum wind speed, which is generally used to attribute an intensity. This approach is applied to define effective vulnerability functions of European buildings. A major result is that an expected 90% of the tornadoes contribute only about 1% to the average loss, while the rare F4 tornadoes contribute more than 40% of losses. Given that most national tornado databases in Europe contain tornado records for recent years only and few (if any) violent tornadoes, observed losses can lead to a remarkable underestimation of tornado risk in Europe.

scholarly journals SIZE EFFECT OF COPPER NANOPARTICALS ON MICROCYSTIS AERUGINOSA

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-367
Author(s):  
Nguyen Trung Kien ◽  
Tran Thi Thu Huong ◽  
Nguyen Hoai Chau ◽  
Dang Dinh Kim ◽  
Duong Thi Thuy
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽  
Copper Nanoparticles ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Toxic Cyanobacteria ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Effect Of Copper

Cyanobacterial and toxins produced in cyanobacterial water blooms cause serious environmental problems which effects on freshwater ecosystems. The use of nanomaterials to control algal blooms is a new potential way for practical application due to its antibacterial as well as distinct physicochemical properties of nanomaterials. The particle size is one of the most determinant characteristics creating the different between nanomaterials and their larger bulk counterparts. However, size-dependent toxicity of nanoparticles has remained largely unknown. This study aimed to evaluate effect of three different nanoparticle sizes (d ≤ 10 nm; 30 nm ≤ d ≤ 40 nm and d ≥ 50 nm) on toxic cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa. The copper nanoparticles were synthesized by electrochemical method and coated with chitosan to enhance the stability of materials in the water environment. The copper nanoparticle concentrations selected for toxic test were range from 0 (control); 0,01ppm; 0,05ppm; 0,1 ppm; 1ppm and 5 ppm. After ten days of experiment, the growth of M. aeruginosa was mainly affected at concentrations of 1 ppm and 5 ppm and there are no differences in inhibition between the particle sizes with efficiency of more than 80% in comparison to control. The highest toxicity of copper nanoparticles in M. aeruginosa was observed at particle size of 30 nm ≤ d ≤ 40 nm with EC50 = 0,73 ppm, which was respectively three to seven times less than the particle sizes of d ≥ 50 nm (EC50 = 2,62 ppm) and d ≤ 10nm (EC50 = 5,02 ppm) at the same time.

scholarly journals Correlation Between Occurrence Environment and the Cause of Deterioration at Ancient Earthen Ruins: A Case Study at Shenna Ruins, Qinghai, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juanli Wang ◽  
Yan Rong ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Xiaolian Chao ◽  
Xue Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Geotechnical Investigation ◽  
Technical Application ◽  
Surrounding Environment

Abstract The earthen ruins are precious historical imprints left over from ancient human life and production, and have important cultural values. Chinese ancient ruins are widely distributed, large in number, and numerous in types. Most of the unearthed ruins are large in scale, immovable, and closely related to the surrounding environment. This paper takes the Shenna ruins as the research object, realizes the investigation of the occurrence environment of the ruins through geotechnical survey technology, and explores the reasons for the deterioration of the soil at the ruins of Shenna through the research of the correlation between the occurrence environment and typical diseases. On the basis of traditional cultural relics survey, the geological, environmental characteristics and geotechnical engineering conditions of the ruins were identified, analyzed, and evaluated through survey methods. Combined with indoor experimental analysis, it was found that the main reason for the deterioration of Shenna ruins was the migration of water and salt in the soil caused by seasonal precipitation, and combined with the geotechnical investigation results, the possibility of groundwater damage in this area is eliminated, which provides a research basis for the preventive treatment of water environment in the future protection and restoration of the Shenna ruins, and provided very useful technical application reference and research idea for such earthen ruins protection in Northwest China.

scholarly journals Utilization of Waste-Based Sorbents for Removal of Pharmaceuticals from Water: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (48) ◽  
pp. 22-36
Author(s):  
Lenka Blinová ◽  
Maroš Sirotiak
Keyword(s):  
Water Contamination ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Spent Coffee Grounds ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
By Products

Abstract Nowadays, the water contamination which is due to pharmaceuticals is increasing and alarming. The pharmaceuticals in water are very hazardous and toxic not only for the human life but also for environment. One of the promising methods of removing pharmaceuticals from the contaminated water is adsorption. Agricultural and industrial wastes or by-products can be used as low-cost adsorbents for pharmaceuticals removal. Low-cost adsorbents provide particular economic and environmental advantages. This paper presents an overview of utilizing of the waste-based adsorbents (mainly spent coffee grounds) for the removal of pharmaceuticals from water.

Correlation of chemostratigraphy, total organic carbon, sequence stratigraphy, and bioturbation in the Woodford Shale of south-central Oklahoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. SC43-SC54
Author(s):  
Sabrina M. Coleman ◽  
Douglas W. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphy ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Bottom Water ◽  
Woodford Shale ◽  
X Ray ◽  
South Central ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Water Conditions

Technological advances in handheld X-ray fluorescence (HHXRF) have been instrumental in demonstrating the utility of chemostratigraphic data to create higher order sequence stratigraphic interpretations. This study seeks to identify the correlation between chemostratigraphy, total organic carbon, sequence stratigraphy, and bioturbation in the Woodford Shale of south-central Oklahoma using HHXRF and X-ray diffraction technologies. The use of multiproxy correlations allows for higher confidence identifying lateral changes in the Woodford Shale. Elemental data collected through HHXRF can be used as proxies to better understand the depositional environment of a formation. Titanium, Zr, K, and Al are all proxies for transgression and regression. Silica is associated with so many different elements that Si alone does not provide useful information; however, the ratio of Si/Al coupled with detrital proxies can give information on the presence of possible algal blooms, continentally derived sediment, or hiatal surfaces. Furthermore, relationships between other elements can give further understanding to bottom-water conditions at the time of deposition. This study examines the relationships between Mo, V, Ni, and P along with other elements and laboratory-collected data to further understand the bottom-water conditions during deposition of the organic-rich muds that make up the Woodford Shale in south-central Oklahoma. To some extent, it is then possible to correlate these higher-resolution understandings to open-hole well logs to increase our understanding, where the core is unavailable.

scholarly journals Research on Hydrodynamics with Water Temperature Characteristics and Spring Algal Blooms in a Typical Tributary Bay of Three Gorges Reservoir

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yun Lang ◽  
LingLing Wang ◽  
Xin Cai ◽  
Zijun Hu
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Three Gorges Reservoir ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Static Stability ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Three Gorges ◽  
Mixing Depth

After the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) in China, water environment problems induced by water temperature stratification in the Xiangxi Bay (XXB, a typical tributary bay of TGR) received wide attention. In this study, a 3-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic and water temperature coupled model with the z-coordinate in the vertical direction was established with Delft3D software to simulate the continuous hydrodynamic and water temperature process of XXB in 2009, and the static stability and mixing depth were also analyzed. The results show that the upstream inflow is prevented from entering TGR with nutrients enriching and mixing in the upper and middle reach of XXB from winter to early spring, which is the primary cause of spring algal blooms in XXB. Therefore, measures such as improving the upstream hydrodynamic conditions and forcing the nutrients to flow into TGR in winter should be more effective in alleviating spring algal blooms than the artificial tide operation of TGR proposed by previous studies.

Analysis of the Influence of Water on the Ecological Consciousness of Rural Residents of Rural Water Environment

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 1139-1143
Author(s):  
Zheng Fu Huang ◽  
Yu Qiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Water Law ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Rural Water ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Local Research

With the rapid development of economy and the improvement of human life, intensified the contradiction between human, environment and water.Residents in villages and towns in our province has water the consciousness of legal system and the present situation of water environment related local research data through to our province visits,interviews, and the data was analysed, the association between the ruralwater environment problems and the residents water law consciousness,and putting forward proposals and strengthen the residents waterconsciousness opinion, for reference reference.

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