scholarly journals LIQUID PHASE CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHODS APPLIED TO DETERMINE EMERGING CONTAMINANTS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Vasile Ion Iancu ◽  
Jana Petre ◽  
Toma Galaon ◽  
Gabriel Valentin Serban ◽  
Marcela Niculescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Emerging contaminants are a heterogeneous group of chemicals that include daily personal care products and pharmaceuticals (PPCPs), flame retardants, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and nanoparticles (NPs) present in environment which are unregulated. In this review, we present the methods of analysis conducted by INCD-ECOIND regarding some classes of emerging contaminants (neonicotinoid pesticides, beta-blocker drugs) that are not regulated by the legislation, in different types of environmental samples (wastewater, surface water). The present review presents the selective solid-phase extraction (SPE) methods used for isolation of the targeted compounds from aqueous matrices and also the main instrumental parameters of the separation and detection process. After extraction, the compounds were subjected to liquid phase chromatographic separation with mass spectrometric detection (UHPLC-MS/MS). Finally, the methods were applied in the determination of compounds from different categories of water, carrying out studies on the efficiency of elimination of compounds in several municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In addition, the impact of the treatment plants on some receiving surface water used to obtain drinking water was studied.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Distribution of 17 Targeted Human Pharmaceuticals in Various Aquatic Environmental Matrices in Southeast Asia with Particular Reference to Malaysia: A Comprehensive Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbaya Hashim ◽  
Ali Yuzir ◽  
Fouad Fadhil Al-Qaim ◽  
Nasehir Khan E.M. Yahaya
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Environmental Matrices ◽  
Aqueous Matrices

Abstract. This review focuses on the occurrence and distribution of 17 targeted human pharmaceutical compounds from the most common therapeutic classes. These include one analgesic (acetaminophen), three non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (acetylsalicylic acid, diclofenac, ibuprofen), two antidiabetic drugs (gliclazide, metformin), three antihistamines (cetirizine, chlorphenamine, ranitidine), four antihypertensives (amlodipine, atenolol, metoprolol, prazosin), one lipid regulator (simvastatin), one anti-convulsant (carbamazepine), one bronchodilator agent (salbutamol) and one stimulant (caffeine) which have been detected globally in various aquatic environmental matrices such as surface water, drinking water, ground water, seawater, influent and effluent of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), hospital and industrial treatment plants, among others. The most common analytical method used involved solid phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The concentrations of all drugs investigated in all aqueous matrices varied from 0.5 to 85,000 ng/L for the highest concentration in the aqueous matrices in Southeast Asia. This review provides the first compilation on human pharmaceuticals in Southeast Asia in surface water, domestic wastewater (influent and effluent) and drinking water.   Resumen. Esta revisión se centró en la aparición y distribución de 17 fármacos de uso humano pertenecientes a las clases terapéuticas más comunes y consiste en un analgésico (acetaminofeno), tres medicamentos antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINE) (ácido acetilsalicílico, diclofenaco, ibuprofeno), dos antidiabéticos (gliclazida, metformina), tres antihistamínicos (cetirizina, clorfenamina, ranitidina), cuatro antihipertensivos ( atenolol, metoprolol, prazosina), un regulador de lípidos (simvastatina), un anticonvulsivo (carbamazepina), un agente broncodilatador (salbutamol) y un estimulante (cafeína), y que se han detectado globalmente en varios tipos de matrices ambientales acuáticas como el agua superficial, agua potable, agua subterránea, agua de mar, afluente y efluente de plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales municipales (EDAR), plantas de tratamiento hospitalarias e industriales entre otras. El método analítico más utilizado involucró extracción en fase sólida (SPE) y cromatografía líquida acoplada a espectrometría de masas. Las concentraciones de todos los fármacos investigados en todas las matrices acuosas variaron de 0,5 a 85.000 ng / L, y presentaron la concentración más alta en las matrices acuosas en el país del sudeste asiático. Esta revisión proporciona el primer informe recopilatorio sobre un estudio de productos farmacéuticos humanos que se ha realizado en el sudeste asiático y se centra en aguas superficiales, aguas residuales domésticas (afluentes y efluentes) y agua potable.

Impact of a wastewater treatment plant on Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts occurring in a surface water

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Carraro ◽  
E. Fea ◽  
S. Salva ◽  
G. Gilli
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocysts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Receiving Water ◽  
Giardia Cysts

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWTP) on the occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in the receiving water. All MWTP effluent samples were Giardia and Cryptosporidium contaminated, although low mean values were found for both parasites (0.21±0.06 oocysts/L; 1.39±0.51 cysts/L). Otherwise, in the raw sewage a greater concentration was detected (4.5±0.3 oocysts/L; 53.6±6.8 cysts/L). The major occurrence of Giardia over Cryptosporidium, both in the influent and in the effluent of the MWTP, is probably related to the human sewage contribution to the wastewater. Data on protozoa contamination of the receiving water body demonstrated similar concentrations in the samples collected before (0.21±0.07 oocysts/L; 1.31±0.38 cysts/L) and after (0.17±0.09 oocysts/L and 1.01±1.05 cysts/L) the plant effluent discharge. The results of this study suggest that the MWTP has no impact related to Giardia and Cryptosporidium river water contamination, and underline the need for investigation into the effectiveness of these protozoa removal by less technologically advanced MWTPs which are the most widespread and could probably show a lower ability to reduce protozoa.

scholarly journals The role of wastewater treatment plants in surface water contamination by plastic pollutants

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 00054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bozena Mrowiec
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Surface Water Contamination

The aim of this paper was to review the literature data regarding the physico-chemical characteristic of plastic pollutants discharged with municipal sewage, the practical possibility of removing microplastic particles from wastewater during different treatment steps in WWTPs and the problem of surface water contamination within them. Microplastics (the size range of 1 nm to < 5 mm), have been recognized as an emerging threat, as well as an ecotoxicological and ecological risk for water ecosystems. Municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are mentioned as the main point sources of microplastics in an aquatic environment. Microplastic particles can be effectively removed in the primary treatment zones via solids skimming and sludge settling processes. Different tertiary treatment processes such as: gravity sand filtration, discfilter, air flotation and membrane filtration provide substantial additional removal of microplastics, and the efficiency of wastewater treatment process can be at a removal level of 99.9%. Nevertheless, given the large volumes of effluent constantly discharged to receivers, even tertiary level WWTPs may constitute a considerable source of microplastics in the surface water.

A proposed sustainable BNR plant with the emphasis on recovery of COD and phosphate

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.-D. Hao ◽  
M.C.M. van Loosdrecht
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Water Problems ◽  
Sustainable Wastewater Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Water problems have to be solved in an integrated way, and sustainability has become a major issue. For this reason, developing more sustainable wastewater treatment processes is needed. New discoveries and good understanding on microbial conversions of nitrogen and phosphorus make more sustainable processes possible. New options for decentralized sustainable sanitation are generally compared to conventional sewage systems, we think that for a proper comparison also innovative centralized treatment schemes should be evaluated. In this article, a more sustainable WWTP is proposed for municipal wastewater treatment, mainly based on the principles of denitrifying dephosphatation and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX). The proposed system consists of a first stage of the A/B process in which maximal sludge production is achieved. In this way, COD is regained as sludge for methanation. The following BCFS® and CANON processes can remove N and P with minimal or no COD need. As a potential fertiliser, struvite can easily be removed from the sludge water by adding magnesium compounds. A case study is done on the basis of the mass balance over the proposed plant. The effluent from the system has a good quality to be recycled. This could also make a contribution to meeting the world's water needs and lessening the impact on the world's water environment. Since all the separate units are already applied or tested on pilot-scale, no problems for technical implementation are foreseen.

The impact of influent total ammonium nitrogen concentration on nitrite-oxidizing bacteria inhibition in moving bed biofilm reactor

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1227-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vojtech Kouba ◽  
Michael Catrysse ◽  
Hana Stryjova ◽  
Ivana Jonatova ◽  
Eveline I. P. Volcke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Nitrite Accumulation ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Total Ammonium ◽  
The Impact

The application of nitrification–denitrification over nitrite (nitritation–denitritation) with municipal (i.e. diluted and cold (or low-temperature)) wastewater can substantially improve the energy balance of municipal wastewater treatment plants. For the accumulation of nitrite, it is crucial to inhibit nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) with simultaneous proliferation of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). The present study describes the effect of the influent total ammonium nitrogen (TAN) concentration on AOB and NOB activity in two moving bed biofilm reactors operated as sequencing batch reactors (SBR) at 15 °C (SBR I) and 21 °C (SBR II). The reactors were fed with diluted reject water containing 600, 300, 150 and 75 mg TAN L−1. The only factor limiting NOB activity in these reactors was the high concentrations of free ammonia and/or free nitrous acid (FNA) during the SBR cycles. Nitrite accumulation was observed with influents containing 600, 300 and 150 mg TAN L−1 in SBR I and 600 and 300 in SBR II. Once nitrate production established in the reactors, the increase of influent TAN concentration up to the original 600 mg TAN L−1 did not limit NOB activity. This was due to the massive development of NOB clusters throughout the biofilm that were able to cope with faster formation of FNA. The results of the fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis preliminarily showed the stratification of bacteria in the biofilm.

scholarly journals Developments of solid-phase microextraction fiber coatings for environmental pharmaceutical and personal care products analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar J. Portillo-Castillo ◽  
Rocío Castro-Ríos ◽  
Abelardo Chávez-Montes ◽  
Azucena González-Horta ◽  
Norma Cavazos-Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Monitoring Protocols

Abstract Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a sample preparation technique with many applications that is being continuously developed. In this technique, the type of fiber coating plays a crucial role for extraction efficiency. Currently available commercial coatings have certain drawbacks that have been overcome by the development of new coatings based on novel materials; these have improved the efficiency of extraction, selectivity and stability of commercial coatings. Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) are one of the most important groups of emerging contaminants; however, some studies suggest that these compounds can cause adverse health effects. No official monitoring protocols for these compounds are currently available, so the establishment of analytical methods that allow their determination in environmental samples is required. The complexity of environmental samples together with the low concentration levels of these compounds makes necessary the use of sample preparation techniques capable of removing interferences, as well as preconcentrated analytes, and SPME is a very promising alternative to achieve this. This review describes the recent developments in SPME with classical and novel coatings and its applications for PPCP determination in environmental samples.

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