scholarly journals High energy cocktail beams for radiation effects studies

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. McMahan ◽  
D.A. Argento ◽  
T. Gimpel ◽  
A. Guy ◽  
J. Morel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Effects ◽  
High Energy

Radiation Effects on Integrated Circuits Used in High Energy Research

1990 ◽  
pp. 527-531
Author(s):  
Alvin S. Kanofsky ◽  
Bert Yost ◽  
Werner Farr
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Research

scholarly journals Application of Radiation-Thermal Treatment to Suppress Sensitivity of Silicon Microcircuits to Single Radiation Effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-103
Author(s):  
P. B. Lagov ◽  
◽  
A. S. Drenin ◽  
A. A. Meshcheryakov ◽  
N. A. Yudanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Particle Accelerators ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Heavy Charged Particles ◽  
Equilibrium Charge ◽  
Technological Tool

The paper analyses the possibility to reduce the sensitivity of silicon integrated circuits (ICs) to single radiation effects by means of radiation-thermal treatment including irradiation in charged particle accelerators and subsequent low-temperature heat treatment. It is shown that reduction in sensitivity to single radiation effects is provided by formation of thermostable recombination centers in semiconductor IC structure in necessary concentrations. At the same time a decrease in primary photocurrent generated by heavy charged particles or high-energy protons, reduction in transfer coefficients of parasitic bipolar transistors forming thyristor structures, reduction in carrier avalanche multiplication coefficients at high electric field strengths can be provided. Radiationthermal treatment can be introduced in the manufacturing process of ICs of various classes at the end of the manufacturing cycle and does not require correction of the basic technology. A possible undesirable growth of inverse currents and preservation of values of other electrical parameters within acceptable values when using radiation-thermal treatment is provided by choosing optimal modes of irradiation and annealing which are established in the course of experimental tests. The calculated evaluation has shown that using radiation-thermal treatment in the technology of IC fabrication can provide a decrease in the effective collection length of non-equilibrium charge carriers generated under the influence of single radiation effects by at least 10 times which allows considering radiation-thermal treatment as an effective technological tool to suppress the sensitivity to single radiation effects.

Radiation effects induced by high energy He single ions at Si/SiO2 interfaces

1994 ◽  
pp. 241-246
Author(s):  
M. Koh ◽  
K. Hara ◽  
K. Horita ◽  
B. Shigeta ◽  
T. Matsukawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Effects ◽  
High Energy

Radiation effects in a photo-coupler with high-energy electrons and γ-rays and recovery by current annealing

1985 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 389-396
Author(s):  
K. Yasuda ◽  
M. Takeda ◽  
H. Masuda ◽  
A. Toshida
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Effects ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Electrons ◽  
Γ Rays ◽  
Current Annealing

scholarly journals SEE Sensitivity Evaluation for Commercial 16 nm SRAM-FPGA

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Cai ◽  
Shuai Gao ◽  
Peixiong Zhao ◽  
Jian Yu ◽  
Kai Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Radiation Sensitivity ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Radiation Environment ◽  
Single Event

Radiation effects can induce severe and diverse soft errors in digital circuits and systems. A Xilinx commercial 16 nm FinFET static random-access memory (SRAM)-based field-programmable gate array (FPGA) was selected to evaluate the radiation sensitivity and promote the space application of FinFET ultra large-scale integrated circuits (ULSI). Picosecond pulsed laser and high energy heavy ions were employed for irradiation. Before the tests, SRAM-based configure RAMs (CRAMs) were initialized and configured. The 100% embedded block RAMs (BRAMs) were utilized based on the Vivado implementation of the compiled hardware description language. No hard error was observed in both the laser and heavy-ion test. The thresholds for laser-induced single event upset (SEU) were ~3.5 nJ, and the SEU cross-sections were correlated positively to the laser’s energy. Multi-bit upsets were measured in heavy-ion and high-energy laser irradiation. Moreover, latch-up and functional interrupt phenomena were common, especially in the heavy-ion tests. The single event effect results for the 16 nm FinFET process were significant, and some radiation tolerance strategies were required in a radiation environment.

BIOPHYSICAL SIMULATION TOOL PARTRAC: MODELLING PROTON BEAMS AT THERAPY-RELEVANT ENERGIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 186 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 172-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Friedland ◽  
Pavel Kundrát ◽  
Janine Becker ◽  
Markus Eidemüller
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Penetration Depth ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Bragg Peak ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Simulation Tool ◽  
Radiation Physics ◽  
Proton Beams ◽  
Biological Effectiveness ◽  
Penetration Depths

ABSTRACT The biophysical simulation tool PARTRAC has been primarily developed to model radiation physics, chemistry and biology on nanometre to micrometre scales. However, the tool can be applied in simulating radiation effects in an event-by-event manner over macroscopic volumes as well. Benchmark simulations are reported showing that PARTRAC does reproduce the macroscopic Bragg peaks of proton beams, although the penetration depths are underestimated by a few per cent for high-energy beams. PARTRAC also quantifies the increase in DNA damage and its complexity along the beam penetration depth. Enhanced biological effectiveness is predicted in particular within distal Bragg peak parts of therapeutic proton beams.

The Drugs and Natural Antioxidants as the Components of Anti-radiation Countermeasures during Cosmic Flights

2017 ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
И. Ушаков ◽  
I. Ushakov ◽  
М. Васин ◽  
M. Vasin
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Solar Cosmic Rays ◽  
Post Radiation ◽  
The Impact

Radiation situation for cosmonauts over long-term cosmic flights is caused by low-rate radiation of galactic cosmic rays and solar cosmic rays consisting of high-energy proton as well as heavy particles (Z>10) within 1-2 % that is exclusively a threat of stochastic radiation effects (small increase of cancer risk and decrease of mean life span) for men. During interplanetary expedition periods the small probability of raised solar activity there is a threat of exposure to astronauts at doses that cause deterministic radiation effects leading to the development of the disease as a clinical manifestation of radiation injuries,. In a similar scenario it is necessary to have available to cosmic ship anti-radiation countermeasures for cosmonaut protection. Among radioprotective equipment can be provided with radiation protective agents and partial shielding of body separate section providing the best condition for post-radiation repair of radiosensitive body tissues. Preparation B-190 (indralin) is the most perspective from a small numbers of other radioprotectors permitting for men administration. Besides high radioprotective efficacy and large broadness of protective action B-190 is well tolerated including the impact of extrem flight factors. Antiemetic agent latran (ondansetron) is most interesting among preparation for prophylaxis and reduction of prodromal radiation reaction. To accelerate post-radiation hematopoietic recovery after raised solar activity an administration of radiomitigators (riboxin et al.) is substantiated. Neupomax (neupogen) is recommended as a preparation for pathogenesis therapy of acute radiation syndrome. Possible consequences of long-term cosmic voyages for oxidative stress development are taken into consideration. On their basis of nNatural antioxidants, preparations and nutrients radiomodulators, fully qualitative nutrition including vegetable food enriched flavonoids, vitamins C, E and carotene potentially prevent a shorten of cosmonaut biological age induced by solar cosmic rays and galactic cosmic rays and stress factors of long-term cosmic voyages. Radiomodulators are low and non-toxic and have not side effects in recommended doses. Their radioprotective effect is directly induced by adaption reaction on cellular and organismic levels through gene expression modulation and in that way the increase of non-specific body tolerance. The implementation of radiomodulator action is possible through hormesis mechanism.

scholarly journals Nonlinear force driven plasma blocks igniting solid density hydrogen boron: Laser fusion energy without radioactivity

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hora ◽  
G.H. Miley ◽  
N. Azizi ◽  
B. Malekynia ◽  
M. Ghoranneviss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Fusion Energy ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Nuclear Radiation ◽  
Laser Fusion ◽  
Surprising Result ◽  
Neutron Generation ◽  
Alternative Scheme

AbstractEnergy production by laser driven fusion energy is highly matured by spherical compression and ignition of deuterium-tritium (DT) fuel. An alternative scheme is the fast ignition where petawatt (PW)-picosecond (ps) laser pulses are used. A significant anomaly was measured and theoretically analyzed with very clean PW-ps laser pulses for avoiding relativistic self focusing. This permits a come-back of the side-on ignition scheme of uncompressed solid DT, which is in essential contrast to the spherical compression scheme. The conditions of side-on ignition thresholds needed exorbitantly high energy flux densities E*. These conditions are now in reach by using PW-ps laser pulses to verify side-on ignition for DT. Generalizing this to side-on igniting solid state density proton-Boron-11 (HB11) arrives at the surprising result that this is one order of magnitude more difficult than the DT fusion. This is in contrast to the well known impossibility of igniting HB11 by spherical laser compression and may offer fusion energy production with exclusion of neutron generation and nuclear radiation effects with a minimum of heat pollution in power stations and application for long mission space propulsion.

Electronics for Instrumentation and Controls in Accelerator Driven Sub-Critical System

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjuan Cui ◽  
Zhiyong He ◽  
Qiang Zhao ◽  
Yichuan He ◽  
Yuxi Luo
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Reactor Core ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Fast Neutrons ◽  
Critical System ◽  
Energy Beam ◽  
Single Event Upsets ◽  
Commercial Off The Shelf ◽  
Critical Reactor

In this paper, we study the electronics in the instrumentation and control (I&C) systems for an accelerator driven sub-critical (ADS) system, where a target located at the centre of a sub-critical reactor core is bombarded by the protons from an accelerator. In comparison with a commercial reactor used in nuclear industry, more control electronics are required to exactly couple the high-energy beam from the accelerator to the spallation target in the reactor core. There is a strong drive to utilize standard commercial-off-the-shelf devices to minimize cost and development time. In order to improve the reliability of I&C systems, redundancy architecture has been considered by adding more electronic devices. In comparison with I&C system without redundancy, the dual redundancy architecture improves the reliability of the system by 20000 times. Then, we study the potential application of electronics devices, such as the preamplifiers for detectors, in the reactor building by shielding them with shielding materials. Since the most effective neutrons in creating radiation damages are those fast neutrons with the energy of more than 0.1 MeV, we have proposed a sandwich shielding method to reduce the neutron-induced radiation effects, in which the first and third layers are made of polyethylene and the second layer is made of heavy metal, e.g. tungsten. Simulation results with GEANT4 code have indicated that the shielding with a 30 cm-thick sandwich can increase the expected lifetime of electronics by 1258 times, and can reduce the soft errors caused by single event upsets by 5400 times.

Application of Ion Beam Techniques to the Study of Glass Durability: Enhanced Dissolution in Saline and Radiation Effects

1981 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Burman ◽  
Wang Ke-Ming ◽  
W.A. Lanford
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Nuclear Reaction Analysis ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Hydrogen Water ◽  
Enhanced Dissolution ◽  
Implantation Techniques

ABSTRACTNuclear reaction analysis, Rutherford backscattering and ion implantation techniques are applied to the study of the reaction between glass and aqueous solutions. The use of these techniques is described as are some of the results obtained. Solutions of NaCl are seen to etch some glasses several orders of magnitude faster than distilled water. Radiation damage created by high energy heavy ion bombardment is seen to have great effects on the penetration of hydrogen (water) into glass.

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