Recent Advance in Polymer Based Microspheric Systems for Controlled Protein and Peptide Delivery

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 2285-2296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Yang ◽  
Qiling Chen ◽  
Jianyu Lin ◽  
Zheng Cai ◽  
Guochao Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Delivery ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Biodegradable Materials ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Peptide Drug ◽  
Multiple Emulsion ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
Microsphere Preparation

Sustained-release systems made by biodegradable polymers for protein and peptide drug delivery have received considerable attention by academic researchers and major pharmaceutical companies around the world. Various types of biodegradable materials, including natural and synthetic polymers, have been applied to form protein and peptide drug carriers. Among these material candidates, poly lactic acid (PLA) and poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) are the most commonly used biodegradable materials in the development of protein and peptide microspheres. In addition, many microsphere preparation technologies, including spray drying, coacervation, multiple emulsion solvent evaporation method and microporous membrane emulsification have been developed for microspheres preparation. In this review, we particularly summarize and briefly introduce the materials and methods that are used to fabricate microspheres as protein delivery systems. The existing opportunities and challenges for successful protein delivery are also discussed.

scholarly journals Emerging Therapeutic Modalities against COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shipra Malik ◽  
Anisha Gupta ◽  
Xiaobo Zhong ◽  
Theodore P. Rasmussen ◽  
Jose E. Manautou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
Fda Approved Drugs

The novel SARS-CoV-2 virus has quickly spread worldwide, bringing the whole world as well as the economy to a standstill. As the world is struggling to minimize the transmission of this devastating disease, several strategies are being actively deployed to develop therapeutic interventions. Pharmaceutical companies and academic researchers are relentlessly working to investigate experimental, repurposed or FDA-approved drugs on a compassionate basis and novel biologics for SARS-CoV-2 prophylaxis and treatment. Presently, a tremendous surge of COVID-19 clinical trials are advancing through different stages. Among currently registered clinical efforts, ~86% are centered on testing small molecules or antibodies either alone or in combination with immunomodulators. The rest ~14% of clinical efforts are aimed at evaluating vaccines and convalescent plasma-based therapies to mitigate the disease's symptoms. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current therapeutic modalities being evaluated against SARS-CoV-2 virus in clinical trials.

scholarly journals Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Recent Contributions to Engineering and Medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Dorel Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Dye Removal ◽  
Chemical Separation ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Synthetic Polymer ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Numerous Application ◽  
Separation Element ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is a thermoplastic synthetic polymer, which, unlike many synthetic polymers, is not obtained by polymerization, but by hydrolysis of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc). Due to the presence of hydroxylic groups, hydrophilic polymers such as PVA and its composites made mainly with biopolymers are used for producing hydrogels that possess interesting morphological and physico-mechanical features. PVA hydrogels and other PVA composites are studied in light of their numerous application for electrical film membranes for chemical separation, element and dye removal, adsorption of metal ions, fuel cells, and packaging. Aside from applications in the engineering field, PVA, like other synthetic polymers, has applications in medicine and biological areas and has become one of the principal objectives of the researchers in the polymer domain. The review presents a few recent applications of PVA composites and contributions related to tissue engineering (repair and regeneration), drug carriers, and wound healing.

The Influence of Poly(Lactic Acid) Addition to Thermal Properties of the Blended Polypropylene for Food Packaging Materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Achmad Hanafi Setiawan ◽  
Sanjaya Sanjaya ◽  
Fauzan Aulia
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Food Packaging Materials ◽  
Immiscible Blend ◽  
Negative Impacts

The commonly used food packaging materials are made from synthetic polymers derived from petroleum. However, the use of synthetic polymers has negative impacts on the environment, because it is difficult to degrade naturally either by the biotic or abiotic process. Although their complete replacement with eco-friendly packaging films is just impossible to achieve economically, at least for a specific application like food packaging the use of bioplastics should be the future. One of the alternatives is to blend synthetic polymer for instance polypropylene (PP) with a natural polymer like poly-lactic acid (PLA). Because their mixture is an immiscible blend because they have highly different polarity, it is necessary to add a compatibilizer such as polypropylene-grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-MAH) in order to increase the properties of its blend miscibility. The objective of this research was to study the influence of PLA addition to the thermal properties of their blend product with PP. The combinations of PP with PLA in the ratios of (80:20); (90:10); (95:5) were prepared and then characterized for their thermal property behaviour by means of TG and DSC. The results showed that increasing the amount of PLA will decrease their enthalpy significantly

Base-Catalyzed Hydrolysis Behavior of PLA/PBS Blends

2013 ◽  
Vol 821-822 ◽  
pp. 941-944
Author(s):  
Shi Jie Zhang ◽  
Yi Wen Tang ◽  
Li Hua Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Biodegradable Materials ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
New Type

Poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) was mixed with Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) through Haake Reomix, a new type of biodegradable materials can be obtained. With the increasing addition of PBS and the raise of the solution basicity, the degradation rate of blends increase sharply. The GPC analysis can approve the reduction of molecular weight in the degradation process of PLA/PBS blends.

Controlled Release Characteristics of PLA-Pluronic-PLA Nano-Sized Vesicles In Vitro

2013 ◽  
Vol 785-786 ◽  
pp. 493-497
Author(s):  
Yu Ping Li ◽  
Li Zhen Sun ◽  
Xiang Yuan Xiong ◽  
Zi Ling Li ◽  
Ting Kang Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Protein Delivery ◽  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Oral Insulin ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Stability

In the present study, controlled release characteristics of new nanosized PLA-Pluronic-PLA block copolymer vesicles comprising of amphiphilic poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and Pluronic block copolymers (PEO-PPO-PEO) have been evaluated as an oral insulin carrier. The mean size of vesicles was 78 nm for PLA-F127-PLA and 165 nm for PLA-P85-PLA copolymer. The mean insulin entrapment efficiency was 59.6% for PLA-P85-PLA and 26.4% for PLA-F127-PLA. The in vitro release characteristics of insulin from vesicles exhibited an initial burst in the range of pH 1.2-7.4 dissolution mediums. The presence of PLA-Pluronic-PLA vesicles improved the stability of insulin in the gastrointestinal fluids than that of the phosphate buffer solution (PBS) of insulin. More importantly, the released insulin from the vesicles maintained their biological activity. The results from this studies demonstrated that biodegradable PLA-Pluronic-PLA can self-assemble with insulin, form insulin-encapsulated vesicles, and is good carrier materials for oral insulin/protein delivery.

Natural and Synthetic Polymers as Drug Carriers for Delivery of Therapeutic Proteins

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash ◽  
Kanwal Rehman ◽  
Shuqing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Proteins ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

scholarly journals A review on graft compatibilizer for thermoplastic elastomer blend

2021 ◽  
Vol 2080 (1) ◽  
pp. 012003
Author(s):  
K.K. Nitiyah ◽  
Luqman Musa ◽  
M.S.M. Rasidi ◽  
Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim ◽  
Rozyanty Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Internal Mixer ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Elastomer Blend

Abstract A biodegradable thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) blend is developed by blending poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and natural rubber (NR) or epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and it is a sustainable substitution in recent years for synthetic polymers. PLA is high in mechanical strength and compostable, but it is highly stiff and brittle. The incorporation of NR or ENR to PLA increases the impact strength and toughness of PLA. However, the disparity in polarity between PLA and elastomer phase like NR and ENR results in TPE blend being incompatible. Hence, compatibilization is essential to improve its polarity and develop interactions. Compatibilizer that composed of two different polymer is known is graft compatibilizer with the aid of grafting agent. The graft compatibilizers are divided into two categories. The first type is made up of one polymer and grafting agent and, the other one is composed of two polymer groups and grafting agent. These two types of graft compatibilizer can be prepared via two different method such as direct melt blending and solution. Apart from this, the TPE blend is produced via the melt blending technique with mixing machines such as internal mixer and extruder. This article has reviewed the preparation of the graft compatibilizer and blending technique of TPE. Based on the findings, the graft compatibilizers has a significant role in improving miscibility and compatibility across blend composed of different phase.

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