Pain Biomarkers in Cancer: An Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Calapai ◽  
Epifanio Mondello ◽  
Carmen Mannucci ◽  
Emanuela Elisa Sorbara ◽  
Sebastiano Gangemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Pain ◽  
Bone Cancer ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Cancer Breast ◽  
Oncologic Patients ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Analgesic Response ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Background: Pain is a common symptom in oncologic patients and its management is generally guided by pain individually perceived by patients and expressed through self-reported scales. However, the utility of these tools is limited because strongly dependent on patients’ opinions. For this reason, more objective instruments are desirable. Objective: In this overview scientific articles indicating potential markers to be used for pain management in cancer were collected and discussed. Methods: research was performed on principal electronic scientific databases by using the words “pain”, “cancer”, “markers” as “biomarkers” as the main keywords, and findings describing potential biomarkers for the management of cancer pain were reported. Results: Studies on pain markers not specific for cancer typology (inflammatory, genetic, markers predicting response to analgesic drugs, neuroimaging markers) and pain markers for specific types of cancer (bone cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, head and neck cancer, prostate cancer, cancer in pediatrics) are presented and commented. Conclusion: This overview supports the view of the involvement of inflammatory mediators in the mechanisms underlying cancer pain. Up today only a few data from research on markers can help in the management of pain, except for pro-inflammatory cytokines and other inflammatory indexes such as C-reactive protein (CRP). However, biomarkers are a promising strategy useful to predict pain intensity and to purchase objective quantification of analgesic response in guiding decisions on individual-tailored treatments in cancer patients.

scholarly journals Neurophysiological Mechanisms Related to Pain Management in Bone Tumors

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Romero-Morelos ◽  
Erika Ruvalcaba-Paredes ◽  
David Garciadiego-Cázares ◽  
Martín PérezSantos ◽  
Samuel Reyes-Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Cancer Pain ◽  
Bone Tumors ◽  
Bone Cancer ◽  
Bone Cancer Pain ◽  
Peripheral Sensitization ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Common Symptom

Background: Primary and metastatic bone tumor incidence has increased in the last years. Pain is a common symptom and is one of the most important related factor to the decrease of quality of life in these patients. Different pain management strategies are not completely effective and many patients afflicted by cancer pain cannot be controlled properly. In this sense we need to elucidate the neurophysiology of cancer-induced pain contemplating other quality of life components such as inflammation, neuropathies and cognitive components regarding bone tumors, and thus pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches in this field. Aim: Identify the neurophysiology of the mechanisms related to pain management in bone tumors. Method: Advanced searches were performed in scientific databases: PubMed, ProQuest, EBSCO, and the Science Citation index to get information about the neurophysiology mechanisms related to pain management in bone tumors. Results: The central and peripheral mechanisms that promote bone cancer pain are poorly understood. Studies have shown that bone cancer could be related to neurochemicals produced by tumor and inflammatory cells, coupled with peripheral sensitization due to nerve compression and injury caused by tumor growth. Activity of mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons, substance P, cysteine/glutamate antiporter, and other neurochemical dynamic’s brings us putative strategies to suggest better and efficient treatments against pain in cancer patients. Conclusion: Cancer-induced bone pain could include neuropathic and inflammatory pain, but with different modifications to the periphery tissue, nerves and neurochemical changes in different neurological levels. In this sense, here we explore opportunity areas in pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain management, according to pain-involved mechanisms.

scholarly journals microRNA-329 reduces bone cancer pain through the LPAR1-dependent LPAR1/ERK signal transduction pathway in mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 175883591987531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian-Ping Wu ◽  
Yan-Ping Yang ◽  
Rui-Xuan She ◽  
Zu-Min Xing ◽  
Han-Wen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Cancer Pain ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Bone Cancer ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Erk Signaling ◽  
Bone Cancer Pain ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Gene Assay

Background: Bone cancer pain (BCP) is a common symptom occurring among patients with cancer and has a detrimental effect on their quality of life. Growing evidence has implicated microRNA-329 (miR-329) in the progression of bone diseases. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the potential effects of miR-329 on BCP in a BCP mouse model via binding to lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPAR1) through the LPAR1/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. Methods: Initially, a BCP mouse model was established via injection of 4 × 104 murine breast tumor (4T1 cell) cells (4 μl). The interaction between miR-329 and LPAR1 was identified using a bioinformatics website and dual luciferase reporter gene assay. The modeled mice were subsequently treated with miR-329 mimic, LPAR1 shRNA, or both, in order to examine the effect of miR-329 on the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) of mice, the expression of LPAR1/ERK signaling pathway-related genes. Results: The positive expression rate of LPAR1 protein and extent of ERK1/2 phosphorylation were increased in BCP mouse models. LPAR1 is a target gene of miR-329, which can inhibit the expression of LPAR1. In response to miR-329 overexpression and LPAR1 silencing, BCP mice showed increased PWT and PWL, along with decreased LPAR1 expression and ratio of p-ERK/ERK. Conclusions: Altogether, the results obtained indicated that miR-329 can potentially alleviate BCP in mice via the inhibition of LPAR1 and blockade of the LPAR1/ERK signaling pathway, highlighting that upregulation of miR-329 could serve as a therapeutic target for BCP treatment.

The Pattern of Ventricular Remodeling Influences the Level of Oxidative Stress in Heart Failure Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1506-1511
Author(s):  
Cerasela Mihaela Goidescu ◽  
Anca Daniela Farcas ◽  
Florin Petru Anton ◽  
Luminita Animarie Vida Simiti
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Lv Mass ◽  
Few Data

Oxidative stress (OS) is increased in chronic diseases, including cardiovascular (CV), but there are few data on its effects on the heart and vessels. The isoprostanes (IsoP) are bioactive compounds, with 8-iso-PGF25a being the most representative in vivo marker of OS. They correlate with the severity of heart failure (HF), but because data regarding OS levels in different types of HF are scarce, our study was aimed to evaluate it by assessing the urinary levels of 8-iso-PGF2aand its correlations with various biomarkers and parameters. Our prospective study included 53 consecutive patients with HF secondary to ischemic heart disease or dilative cardiomyopathy, divided according to the type of HF (acute, chronic decompensated or chronic compensated HF). The control group included 13 hypertensive patients, effectively treated. They underwent clinical, laboratory - serum NT-proBNP, creatinine, uric acid, lipids, C reactive protein (CRP) and urinary 8-iso-PGF2a and echocardiographic assessment. HF patients, regardless the type of HF, had higher 8-iso-PGF2a than controls (267.32pg/�mol vs. 19.82pg/�mol, p[0.001). The IsoP level was directly correlated with ejection fraction (EF) (r=-0.31, p=0.01) and NT-proBNP level (r=0.29, p=0.019). The relative wall thickness (RWT) was negatively correlated with IsoP (r=-0.55, p[0.001). Also 8-iso-PGF25a was higher by 213.59pg/�mol in the eccentric left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy subgroup comparing with the concentric subgroup (p=0.014), and the subgroups with severe mitral regurgitation (MR) and moderate/severe pulmonary hypertension (PAH) had the highest 8-iso-PGF2a levels. Male sex, severe MR, moderate/severe PAH, high LV mass and low RWT values were predictive for high OS level in HF patients.Eccentric cardiac remodeling, MR severity and PAH severity are independent predictors of OS in HF patients.

scholarly journals The circular RNA circSlc7a11 promotes bone cancer pain pathogenesis in rats by modulating LLC-WRC 256 cell proliferation and apoptosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han-Wen Chen ◽  
Xiao-Xia Zhang ◽  
Zhu-Ding Peng ◽  
Zu-Min Xing ◽  
Yi-Wen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cancer Pain ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Bone Cancer ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Bone Cancer Pain ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis

AbstractTreatment of bone cancer pain (BCP) caused by bone metastasis in advanced cancers remains a challenge in clinical oncology, and the underlying mechanisms of BCP are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the pathogenic roles of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in regulating cancer cell proliferation and BCP development. Eight differentially expressed circRNAs in the rat spinal cord were validated by agarose gel electrophoresis and Sanger sequencing. Expression of circRNAs and mRNAs was detected by quantitative RT-PCR. MTS assay and flow cytometry were performed to analyze cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. Differentially expressed mRNA profiles were characterized by deep RNA sequencing, hierarchical clustering, and functional categorization. The interactions among circRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), and mRNAs were predicted using TargetScan. Additionally, western blot was performed to determine the protein levels of Pax8, Isg15, and Cxcl10. Multiple circRNAs were differentially expressed in the spinal cords of BCP model rats; of these, circSlc7a11 showed the greatest increase in expression. The overexpression of circSlc7a11 significantly promoted cell proliferation and repressed apoptosis of LLC-WRC 256 and UMR-106 cells, whereas circSlc7a11 silencing produced the opposite effects. Altered expression of circSlc7a11 also induced substantial changes in the mRNA expression profiles of LLC-WRC 256 cells; these changes were linked to multiple apoptotic processes and signaling pathways, such as the chemokine signaling pathway, and formed a complex circRNA/miRNA/mRNA network. Additionally, Pax8, Isg15, and Cxc110 protein level in LLC-WRC 256 cells was consistent with the mRNA results. The circRNA circSlc7a11 regulates rat BCP development by modulating LLC-WRC 256 cell proliferation and apoptosis through multiple-signaling mechanisms.

scholarly journals A New Medical Record Proposal to the Prognostic Risk Assessment for MRONJ in Oncologic Patients: “Sapienza Head and Neck Unit” Proposal

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1851
Author(s):  
Edoardo Brauner ◽  
Silvia Mezi ◽  
Alessandro Ciolfi ◽  
Chiara Ciolfi ◽  
Resi Pucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Bone Cancer ◽  
Osteonecrosis Of The Jaw ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Medical Report ◽  
Oncologic Patients ◽  
Antiangiogenic Drugs ◽  
Dental Screening ◽  
The Individual

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is an adverse event associated with antiresorptive and antiangiogenic drugs. The use of these drugs in the treatment of cancer patients with bone metastasis is necessary and standardized in the literature. A multidisciplinary approach for the patient’s management is strongly recommended. Therefore, it should be necessary to integrate the path of these subjects with a dedicated dental screening in order to first assess the individual risk of developing a MRONJ, and then to plan dental treatments and oral hygiene sessions, and finally to schedule a follow-up to intercept and treat early osteonecrosis. The aim of this manuscript is to propose a new simple medical report to evaluate patients affected by metastatic bone cancer in order to reduce the risk of developing MRONJ.

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