Tin-Mediated Radical Cyclization Reactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saima malik ◽  
Aditya G. Lavekar ◽  
Bimal Krishna Banik
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Radical Cyclization ◽  
Organic Reactions ◽  
Cyclization Reactions ◽  
Complex Molecules ◽  
Radical Chemistry ◽  
Wide Range

: The radical was first come into existence in 1900 by Gomberg, where the triphenylmethane radical was explored. Thus, even to date, two centuries have seen radical chemistry as the methodology of preference in organic synthesis. Due to the fascinating nature of the radical-mediated cyclization reactions, it always caught the eye of organic chemists for the synthesis of novel organic compounds with diverse stereochemistry. Moreover, the development of radical methods further proves beneficial for the synthesis by providing atom- and step-economical methods to complex molecules. Among these, where radical chemistry has been employed, the use of tin-based radical annulation is the most common and widely used field for the synthesis of a wide range of organic reactions with medicinal importance. In this review, we compiled recent tin-mediated radical cyclization reactions toward the synthesis of molecules of biological significance.

scholarly journals Activation modes in biocatalytic radical cyclization reactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxuan Ye ◽  
Haigen Fu ◽  
Todd K Hyster
Keyword(s):  
Heme Iron ◽  
Radical Cyclization ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases ◽  
Radical Cyclizations ◽  
Cyclization Reactions ◽  
Complex Molecules ◽  
P450 Monooxygenases ◽  
Non Heme Iron ◽  
Essential Reactions ◽  
Isopenicillin N

Abstract Radical cyclizations are essential reactions in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and the chemical synthesis of societally valuable molecules. In this review, we highlight the general mechanisms utilized in biocatalytic radical cyclizations. We specifically highlight cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) involved in the biosynthesis of mycocyclosin and vancomycin, non-heme iron- and α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (Fe/αKGDs) used in the biosynthesis of kainic acid, scopolamine, and isopenicillin N, and radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) enzymes that facilitate the biosynthesis of oxetanocin A, menaquinone, and F420. Beyond natural mechanisms, we also examine repurposed flavin-dependent ‘ene’-reductases (ERED) for non-natural radical cyclization. Overall, these general mechanisms underscore the opportunity for enzymes to augment and enhance the synthesis of complex molecules using radical mechanisms.

Sonocatalyzed Total Synthesis of N,N-diaryl-formamides Through Oxidation and Hydrolysis Reaction of gem-dichloroaziridines using DMSO/H2O

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1014-1019
Author(s):  
Khadijeh Rabiei ◽  
Hossein Naeimi
Keyword(s):  
Total Synthesis ◽  
Schiff Bases ◽  
Ultrasonic Irradiation ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Organic Reactions ◽  
Hydrolysis Reaction ◽  
Neutral Medium ◽  
Ultrasound Technique ◽  
Complex Molecules ◽  
Wide Range

Background:.Aziridine compounds are among the most fascinating intermediates in organic synthesis, acting as precursors of many complex molecules due to the strain incorporated in their skeletons and can be opened in a stereo controlled manner with various nucleophiles, providing access to a wide range of important nitrogen-containing products. Sonochemistry involves the use of ultrasound technique to promote organic reactions. In recent years sonochemistry has been widely used in organic syntheses as it offers a versatile and facile pathway for a bewildering range of organic reactions. Materials and Method: The synthesis of some Schiff bases was done in according the previously reported procedure in literature. The synthesized Schiff bases in the presence of magnesium powder and CCl4 in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran was converted to gem-dichloroaziridines at ultrasonic irradiation. Finally, the synthesized 2,2- dichloro-1,3-bis(4-chlorophenyl) aziridine was treated with DMSO and H2O with ultrasonic irradiation to produce the N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-[4-(chlorophenyl)hydroxy-methyl] formamides. Results: Here, total synthesis of N-(α-hydroxybenzyl)-formamides through ultrasonic promoted oxidation and hydrolysis reaction of gem-dichloroaziridine derivatives in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide and water has been investigated. Conclusion: In this study, ultrasonic promoted oxidation and hydrolysis of gem-dichloroaziridines toward N- (α-hydroxybenzyl)-formamides in the presence of DMSO and H2O under neutral medium reaction conditions has been reported. Excellent yields of products were obtained through this method. Other advantages of this reaction are short reaction times, simplicity of the method and high purity of products.

Versatile Synthesis of Organic Compounds Derived from Ascorbic Acid.

2021 ◽  
Vol 08 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aparna Das ◽  
Bimal Krishna Banik
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Derivatives Of

: Ascorbic acid, also known as Vitamin C, is the essential vitamin observed in diverse food. Ascorbic acid has various applications in several fields. Studies have depicted that in organic synthesis, it can be used as a mediator or substrate. The derivatives of ascorbic acid have been found to possess numerous biological activities. In this review, we report the crucial derivatives of ascorbic acid, which have significant biological activities. Various studies are considered in this review to prove its wide range of availability.

Biocatalytic routes toward pharmaceutically important precursors and novel polymeric systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil K. Sharma ◽  
Mofazzal Husain ◽  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Lynne A. Samuelson ◽  
Jayant Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Polymeric Systems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Synthetic Sequence

The synthetic potential of enzymes related to organic synthesis has been applied profusely, especially since the introduction of their use in organic solvents. Enzymes offer the opportunity to carry out highly chemo-, regio-, and enantioselective transformations. The use of enzymes in the synthetic sequence provides unique advantages of efficiency and environmental friendliness. Owing to their low cost and applicability to a broad range of substrates, lipases have become the most versatile class of biocatalysts in organic synthesis. We have screened a battery of lipases to carry out highly selective reactions for the synthesis of a wide range of organic compounds and polymeric materials.

scholarly journals Reactions of Chlorine Dioxide with Organic Compounds

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.M. Ganiev ◽  
Q.K. Timergazin ◽  
N.N. Kabalnova ◽  
V.V. Shereshovets ◽  
G.A. Tolstikov
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Decay Kinetics ◽  
Reaction Rate Constants ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oxidation Of Organic Compounds ◽  
Number Of Publications

<p>Data on the reactivity of chlorine dioxide with organic compounds from various classes are summarized. Early investigations of the reactions of chlorine dioxide were occurred in aqueous or predominantly aqueous solutions in general, because it used in drinking water treatment and in industry as bleaching agent. However, chlorine dioxide was not used widely as reagent in organic synthesis. In last decades the number of publications on the studying interaction of the chlorine dioxide in organic medium increased. In table presented the rate constants reactions of chlorine dioxide with organic compounds published through 2004. Most of the rate constants were determined spectrophotometrically by decay kinetics of chlorine dioxide at 360 nm. Chlorine dioxide may be used for oxidation of organic compounds, because chlorine dioxide is enough reactive and selective as an oxidant with a wide range of organic compounds based on these reaction rate constants. But the application of chlorine dioxide as reagent in organic synthesis is restrained by the lack of data on the kinetics and mechanism of reactions involving chlorine dioxide, as well as data on the product yields and composition, temperature and solvent effects, and catalysts. The pathways of products formation and probable mechanisms of reactions are discussed in the review.</p>

The Road to Greener Applied Organic Synthesis: Performing Organic Reactions in Micelle-Based and Host-Guest Aqueous Nanoreactors

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaj Stavber
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Organic Reactions ◽  
Aqueous Environment ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Ring Closing Metathesis ◽  
The Road ◽  
Supramolecular Catalysis ◽  
Type C ◽  
Macrocyclic Molecules

The micellar and supramolecular catalysis of organic reactions in water, utilizing nanometre-sized micelles of ionic, non-ionic amphiphiles or host-guest inclusion complexes using appropriate host macrocyclic molecules able to accommodate a hydrophobic organic substrates are taken under a brief account. A focus on Heck-type C-C couplings, ring closing metathesis, and halo-transformations of organic compounds in aqueous environment, is presented.

Taurine: A Water Friendly Organocatalyst in Organic Reactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shikha Agarwal ◽  
Priyanka Kalal ◽  
Ayushi Sethiya ◽  
Jay Soni
Keyword(s):  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic Reactions ◽  
Organic Transformations ◽  
Complex Molecules

: Organocatalysis has become a powerful tool in organic synthesis for the formation of C-C and C-X (N, S, O, etc.) bonds, leading to the formation of complex molecules from easily available starting materials. It provides an alternative platform to the conventional synthesis and fulfills the principles of green chemistry. During the last decades, taurine has emerged as a promising organocatalyst in an array of organic transformations in addition to its plentiful biological properties. It is highly stable, easy to store and separate, water-soluble, of low cost, easily available, and recyclable. The present article highlights the recent and up-to-date applications of taurine in organic transformations.

The Synthesis and Application of Functionalized Mesoporous Silica SBA-15 as Heterogeneous Catalyst in Organic Synthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghodsi Mohammadi Ziarani ◽  
Shima Roshankar ◽  
Fatemeh Mohajer ◽  
Alireza Badiei
Keyword(s):  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Lewis Acid ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Organic Transformations ◽  
Functionalized Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Silica Nanomaterials ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Target Molecules

Abstract:: Mesoporous silica nanomaterials provide an extraordinary advantage for making new and superior heterogeneous catalysts because of their surface silanol groups. The functionalized mesoporous SBA-15, such as acidic, basic, BrÖnsted, lewis acid, and chiral catalysts, are used for a wide range of organic synthesis. The importance of the chiral ligands, which were immobilized on the SBA-15, was mentioned in this review to achieve chiral products as valuable target molecules. Herein, their synthesis and application in different organic transformations are reviewed from 2016 till date 2020.

Recent Application of Polystyrene-supported Triphenylphosphine in Solid-Phase Organic Synthesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 643-678
Author(s):  
Lalthazuala Rokhum ◽  
Ghanashyam Bez
Keyword(s):  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Combinatorial Chemistry ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Recent Application ◽  
Organic Transformations ◽  
Solid Phase Organic Synthesis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fast Development ◽  
Polymer Supported

Recent years have witnessed a fast development of solid phase synthetic pathways, a variety of solid-supported reagent and its applications in diverse synthetic strategies and pharmaceutical applicability’s. Polymer-supported triphenylphosphine is getting a lot of applications owing to the speed and simplicity in the process. Furthermore, ease of recyclability and reuse of polymer-supported triphenylphosphine added its advantages. This review covers a wide range of useful organic transformations which are accomplished using cross-linked polystyrene-supported triphenylphosphine with the aim of giving renewed interest in the field of organic and medicinal-combinatorial chemistry.

The molecular diversity of 1,8-diaminonaphthalene in organic chemistry

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghodsi Mohammadi Ziarani ◽  
Fatemeh Mohajer ◽  
Suraj N. Mali
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Organic Reactions ◽  
Recent Application ◽  
Organic Structure

: 1,8-diaminonaphthalene (1,8-DAN) with special organic structure was applied in organic synthesis to provide efficient complex scaffolds, through the two or four-component fashion. This review highlights its recent application in organic reactions under different conditions and heterogynous catalysts to produce various molecules, which were used as medicines, sensors, and dyes.

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