MicroRNAs as Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1129-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mostafa Parizadeh ◽  
Reza Jafarzadeh-Esfehani ◽  
Maryam Ghandehari ◽  
Fatemeh Goldani ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Reza Parizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Resection ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Specific Tumor ◽  
Serum Alpha Fetoprotein ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Patients Experience

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cancer, and the second most common cause of cancer-associated death globally. One of the major reasons for this high rate of mortality is a failure to make an early diagnosis. The average survival in untreated HCC patients is estimated to be approximately three months. The 5-year overall survival rate after radical resection is about 15-40% and within two years, more than two third of patients experience a relapse. To date, the most common biomarker which has been used for the diagnosis of HCC is serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). However, there is a lack of sensitive and specific tumor biomarkers for the early diagnosis of HCC. MicroRNAs are a class of short endogenous RNA with crucial role in many biological activities and cellular pathways and can be found in various tissues and body fluids. The aim of this review was to summarize the results of recent studies investigating miRNAs as novel biomarkers for the early diagnosis and prognostic risk stratification of patients with this type of liver cancer.

scholarly journals Long Noncoding RNAs Act as Novel Biomarkers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Progress and Prospects

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Bao ◽  
Hongying Su
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Noncancerous Tissue ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Circulating Nucleic Acids ◽  
Novel Biomarkers

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and confers a poor prognosis. Novel diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets for HCCs are urgently needed. Currently, dozens of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as playing critical roles in cancer development and progression. Advanced studies have shown that several well-known lncRNAs are dysregulated in HCC tissue as compared to adjacent noncancerous tissue. Furthermore, highly stable cell-free circulating nucleic acids (cfCNAs), including lncRNAs, aberrantly expressed in the plasma of HCC patients, have been detected. In this review, we focus on the most extensively investigated lncRNAs in HCC and discuss the potential of HCC-related lncRNAs as novel biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis.

scholarly journals MicroRNA-183-5p Promote Hepatocellular Carcinoma Proliferation Via Accelerating Pyroptosis By Targeting FoxO1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu ling Chang ◽  
Yaqian Niu ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
Yan mei Song ◽  
Huiyuan Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer worldwide, causing 700,000 deaths annually. Despite decades of extensive research of HCC, the prognosis of HCC remains unsatisfactory, mainly due to lack of reliable sensitive biomarkers. Therefore, it is fundamentally important to identify novel biomarkers for early diagnosis of HCC, as well as explore the underlying mechanisms of HCC progression. Pyroptosis, a highly inflammatory form of lytic programmed cell death, is attracting more attention in HCC. microRNAs are involved in the regulation of pyroptosis. miR-183-5p, an oncogene, is up-regulated in HCC, but it is unclear the relationship between miR-183-5p and pyroptosis in HCC, which was investigated in vitro. Our data demonstrated that miR-183-5p promoted proliferation of HCC, accompanied with upregulating pyroptosis related molecules, as well as IL-1β/IL-18.

scholarly journals Risk Factors and Biomarkers for Chronic Hepatitis B Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 479
Author(s):  
Vijay Pandyarajan ◽  
Rajalakshmi Govalan ◽  
Ju Dong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Prognostic Importance ◽  
Tumor Material

Globally, hepatitis B virus (HBV) related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the major causes of cancer-related mortality. This is, in part, due to delayed diagnosis and limited therapeutic options with more advanced stages of the disease. Given the prognostic importance of early diagnosis, novel methods for early detection are in need. Unlike most other cancer types, tissue is not required to diagnose HCC and is frequently avoided given the inherent risks of liver biopsy, so less invasive methods of obtaining tumor material are currently under investigation. Material shed from tumors into the periphery are being investigated for their potential to both surveil and diagnose patients for HCC. These materials include circulating tumor cells, DNA, RNA, and exosomes, and are collectively termed a “liquid biopsy”. In this review article, we discuss the evolving literature regarding the different risk factors for HCC and the types of emerging novel biomarkers that show promise in the prevention and early diagnosis of HCC within the context of HBV infection.

Early Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Lectin Electrophoresis of Serum Alpha-Fetoprotein

Tumor Biology ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 110-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Taga ◽  
H. Hirai ◽  
H. Ishizuka ◽  
H. Kaneda
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Alpha Fetoprotein ◽  
Serum Alpha Fetoprotein

scholarly journals YAP inactivation in estrogen receptor alpha-positive hepatocellular carcinoma with less aggressive behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngsic Jeon ◽  
Jeong Eun Yoo ◽  
Hyungjin Rhee ◽  
Young-Joo Kim ◽  
Gwang Il Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Alpha ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Cancer Cell Growth ◽  
Receptor Alpha ◽  
Downstream Signaling ◽  
Favorable Prognosis ◽  
Serum Alpha Fetoprotein

AbstractThe expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα, encoded by ESR1) has been shown to be associated with the prognostic outcomes of patients in various cancers; however, its prognostic and mechanistic significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. Here, we evaluated the expression of ERα and its association with clinicopathological features in 339 HCC patients. ERα was expressed in 9.4% (32/339) of HCCs and was related to better overall survival (OS; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.11, p = 0.009, 95% C.I. = 0.016–0.82) and disease-free survival (DFS, HR = 0.4, p = 0.013, 95% C.I. = 0.18–0.85). ERα expression was also associated with features related to more favorable prognosis, such as older age, lower serum alpha-fetoprotein level, and less microvascular invasion (p < 0.05). In addition, to obtain mechanistic insights into the role of ERα in HCC progression, we performed integrative transcriptome data analyses, which revealed that yes-associated protein (YAP) pathway was significantly suppressed in ESR1-expressing HCCs. By performing cell culture experiments, we validated that ERα expression enhanced YAP phosphorylation, attenuating its nuclear translocation, which in turn suppressed the downstream signaling pathways and cancer cell growth. In conclusion, we suggest that ERα expression is an indicator of more favorable prognosis in HCC and that this effect is mediated by inactivation of YAP signaling. Our results provide new clinical and pathobiological insights into ERα and YAP signaling in HCC.

scholarly journals Expression and clinical significance of miR-3615 in hepatocellular carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 030006052098154
Author(s):  
Xin Yuan ◽  
Yize Zhang ◽  
Zujiang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Survival Curve ◽  
Clinicopathological Characteristics ◽  
The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
Prognostic Information ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Serum Alpha Fetoprotein

Objective To investigate the association between microRNA-3615 (miR-3615) expression and the prognosis and clinicopathological features in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods We obtained clinicopathological and genomic data and prognostic information on HCC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We then analyzed differences in miR-3615 expression levels between HCC and adjacent tissues using SPSS software, and examined the relationships between miR-3615 expression levels and clinicopathological characteristics. We also explored the influence of miR-3615 expression levels on the prognosis of HCC patients using Kaplan–Meier survival curve analysis. Results Based on data for 345 HCC and 50 adjacent normal tissue samples, expression levels of miR-3615 were significantly higher in HCC tissues compared with adjacent tissues. MiR-3615 expression levels in HCC patients were negatively correlated with overall survival time and positively correlated with high TNM stage, serum Ki-67 expression level, and serum alpha-fetoprotein level. There were no significant correlations between miR-3615 expression and age, sex, and pathological grade. Conclusion MiR-3615 may be a promising new biomarker and prognostic factor for HCC.

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