The Role of MicroRNAs in Lung Cancer: Implications for Diagnosis and Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Naeli ◽  
Fatemeh Yousefi ◽  
Younes Ghasemi ◽  
Amir Savardashtaki ◽  
Hamed Mirzaei
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Egfr Signaling Pathway ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Cancer Initiation ◽  
Pathway Regulation ◽  
Noninvasive Biomarkers

: Lung cancer is the first cause of cancer death in the world due to its high prevalence, aggressiveness, late diagnosis, lack of effective treatment and poor prognosis. It also shows high rate of recurrence, metastasis and drug resistance. All these problems highlight the urgent needs for developing new strategies using noninvasive biomarkers for early detection, metastasis and recurrence of disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. These molecules found to be abnormally expressed in increasing number of human disease conditions including cancer. miRNAs could be detected in body fluids such as blood, serum, urine and sputum, which leads us towards the idea of using them as non-invasive biomarker for cancer detection and monitoring cancer treatment and recurrence. miRNAs are found to be deregulated in lung cancer initiation and progression and could regulate lung cancer cell proliferation and invasion. In this review, we summarized recent progress and discoveries in microRNAs regulatory role in lung cancer initiation and progression. In addition, the role of microRNAs in EGFR signaling pathway regulation is discussed briefly.

scholarly journals Radiotherapy Planning and Molecular Imaging in Lung Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-217
Author(s):  
Angelina Filice ◽  
Massimiliano Casali ◽  
Patrizia Ciammella ◽  
Marco Galaverni ◽  
Federica Fioroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Radiotherapy Planning ◽  
High Dose ◽  
18F Fdg

Introduction: In patients suitable for radical chemoradiotherapy for lung cancer, 18F-FDGPET/ CT is a proposed management to improve the accuracy of high dose radiotherapy. However, there is a high rate of locoregional failure in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), probably due to the fact that standard dosing may not be effective in all patients. The aim of the present review was to address some criticisms associated with the radiotherapy image-guided in NSCLC. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted. Only published articles that met the following criteria were included: articles, only original papers, radiopharmaceutical ([18F]FDG and any tracer other than [18F]FDG), target, only specific for lung cancer radiotherapy planning, and experimental design (eventually “in vitro” studies were excluded). Peer-reviewed indexed journals, regardless of publication status (published, ahead of print, in press, etc.) were included. Reviews, case reports, abstracts, editorials, poster presentations, and publications in languages other than English were excluded. The decision to include or exclude an article was made by consensus and any disagreement was resolved through discussion. Results: Hundred eligible full-text articles were assessed. Diverse information is now available in the literature about the role of FDG and new alternative radiopharmaceuticals for the planning of radiotherapy in NSCLC. In particular, the role of alternative technologies for the segmentation of FDG uptake is essential, although indeterminate for RT planning. The pros and cons of the available techniques have been extensively reported. : Conclusion: PET/CT has a central place in the planning of radiotherapy for lung cancer and, in particular, for NSCLC assuming a substantial role in the delineation of tumor volume. The development of new radiopharmaceuticals can help overcome the problems related to the disadvantage of FDG to accumulate also in activated inflammatory cells, thus improving tumor characterization and providing new prognostic biomarkers.

scholarly journals The Role of Advanced Imaging in Gout Management

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangshuang Li ◽  
Guanhua Xu ◽  
Junyu Liang ◽  
Liyan Wan ◽  
Heng Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Advanced Imaging ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Urate Crystals

Gout is a common form of inflammatory arthritis where urate crystals deposit in joints and surrounding tissues. With the high prevalence of gout, the standardized and effective treatment of gout is very important, but the long-term treatment effect of gout is not satisfied because of the poor adherence in patients to the medicines. Recently, advanced imaging modalities, including ultrasonography (US), dual-energy computed tomography (DECT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), attracted more and more attention for their role on gout as intuitive and non-invasive tools for early gout diagnosis and evaluation of therapeutic effect. This review summarized the role of US, DECT, and MRI in the management of gout from four perspectives: hyperuricemia, gout attacks, chronic gout, and gout complications described the scoring systems currently used to quantify disease severity and discussed the challenges and limitations of using these imaging tools to assess response to the gout treatment.

scholarly journals Dental morbidity in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 713-718
Author(s):  
A K Salakhov ◽  
S S Ksembaev ◽  
R F Baykeev ◽  
E M Silagadze
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Dental Practice ◽  
Dental Anomalies ◽  
Preventive Program ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Preventive Work ◽  
Dental Diseases

At present, the most common dental diseases in most regions of Russia are caries, periodontal diseases, and dentofacial anomalies. A literature review was carried out on the prevalence of major dental diseases in Russian adult. The study aimed to analyze the literature on dental morbidity in Russia in the following areas: assessment of the prevalence, intensity, and treatment need of major dental diseases, depending on regional particularities, age, and sex differences. Caries and periodontal diseases are a major medical and social problem. The results of recent epidemiological studies have shown that almost the entire Russian adult has signs of these diseases. There is also a high rate of dental anomalies in children. The high prevalence of dental diseases indicates the need to strengthen the role of preventive work in the doctor's work. In conducting prevention program, it is important to consider the prevalence and intensity of major dental diseases which have pronounced regional particularities. Dental practice in recent years has shown that as a result of a targeted and effective preventive program, you can significantly reduce the level of dental morbidity.

scholarly journals The functional role of exosome microRNAs in lung cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Li ◽  
Wenhuan Gong ◽  
Wenfang Zhu ◽  
Xinyu Shao ◽  
Chunxia Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Cancer Disease ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Status

AbstractLung cancer causes the highest incidence and mortality rates of cancer disease worldwide. Despite obvious advances in lung cancer research, a better understanding of the disease is urgently needed to improve early detection and correct diagnoses. Exosomes are released from cancer cells and modulate cell-cell communication. Exosomes transfer a wide variety of molecules including microRNAs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded, small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression. Accumulating evidence indicates that miRNA expression patterns represent the status of physiology and disease. The focus of this review is to provide an update on the progress of miRNAs of cancer-derived exosome as potential biomarkers for lung cancer.

scholarly journals Neuromodulation approaches for the treatment of major depression: challenges and recommendations from a working group meeting

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Russowsky Brunoni ◽  
Chei Tung Teng ◽  
Claudio Correa ◽  
Marta Imamura ◽  
Joaquim P Brasil-Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Group ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Working Group Meeting

The use of neuromodulation as a treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) has recently attracted renewed interest due to development of other non-pharmacological therapies besides electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), deep brain stimulation (DBS), and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). METHOD: We convened a working group of researchers to discuss the updates and key challenges of neuromodulation use for the treatment of MDD. RESULTS: The state-of-art of neuromodulation techniques was reviewed and discussed in four sections: [1] epidemiology and pathophysiology of MDD; [2] a comprehensive overview of the neuromodulation techniques; [3] using neuromodulation techniques in MDD associated with non-psychiatric conditions; [4] the main challenges of neuromodulation research and alternatives to overcome them. DISCUSSION: ECT is the first-line treatment for severe depression. TMS and tDCS are strategies with a relative benign profile of side effects; however, while TMS effects are comparable to antidepressant drugs for treating MDD; further research is needed to establish the role of tDCS. DBS and VNS are invasive strategies with a possible role in treatment-resistant depression. In summary, MDD is a chronic and incapacitating condition with a high prevalence; therefore clinicians should consider all the treatment options including invasive and non-invasive neuromodulation approaches.

scholarly journals The Role of Circulating MicroRNAs in Patients with Early-Stage Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1468
Author(s):  
Michal Eid ◽  
Paraskevi Karousi ◽  
Lumír Kunovský ◽  
Štěpán Tuček ◽  
Dagmar Brančíková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Circulating Micrornas ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Prognostic Stratification ◽  
Early Tumor ◽  
Serum Micrornas

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is increasing in incidence and is still associated with a high rate of mortality. Only a minority of patients are diagnosed in the early stage. Radical surgery is the only potential curative procedure. However, radicality is reached in 20% of patients operated on. Despite the multidisciplinary approach in resectable tumors, early tumor recurrences are common. Options on how to select optimal candidates for resection remain limited. Nevertheless, accumulating evidence shows an important role of circulating non-coding plasma and serum microRNAs (miRNAs), which physiologically regulate the function of a target protein. miRNAs also play a crucial role in carcinogenesis. In PDAC patients, the expression levels of certain miRNAs vary and may modulate the function of oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. As they can be detected in a patient’s blood, they have the potential to become promising non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Moreover, they may also serve as markers of chemoresistance. Thus, miRNAs could be useful for early and accurate diagnosis, prognostic stratification, and individual treatment planning. In this review, we summarize the latest findings on miRNAs in PDAC patients, focusing on their potential use in the early stage of the disease.

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