scholarly journals Neuromodulation approaches for the treatment of major depression: challenges and recommendations from a working group meeting

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Russowsky Brunoni ◽  
Chei Tung Teng ◽  
Claudio Correa ◽  
Marta Imamura ◽  
Joaquim P Brasil-Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Group ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Working Group Meeting

The use of neuromodulation as a treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) has recently attracted renewed interest due to development of other non-pharmacological therapies besides electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), deep brain stimulation (DBS), and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). METHOD: We convened a working group of researchers to discuss the updates and key challenges of neuromodulation use for the treatment of MDD. RESULTS: The state-of-art of neuromodulation techniques was reviewed and discussed in four sections: [1] epidemiology and pathophysiology of MDD; [2] a comprehensive overview of the neuromodulation techniques; [3] using neuromodulation techniques in MDD associated with non-psychiatric conditions; [4] the main challenges of neuromodulation research and alternatives to overcome them. DISCUSSION: ECT is the first-line treatment for severe depression. TMS and tDCS are strategies with a relative benign profile of side effects; however, while TMS effects are comparable to antidepressant drugs for treating MDD; further research is needed to establish the role of tDCS. DBS and VNS are invasive strategies with a possible role in treatment-resistant depression. In summary, MDD is a chronic and incapacitating condition with a high prevalence; therefore clinicians should consider all the treatment options including invasive and non-invasive neuromodulation approaches.

The Role of MicroRNAs in Lung Cancer: Implications for Diagnosis and Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Naeli ◽  
Fatemeh Yousefi ◽  
Younes Ghasemi ◽  
Amir Savardashtaki ◽  
Hamed Mirzaei
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Egfr Signaling Pathway ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Cancer Initiation ◽  
Pathway Regulation ◽  
Noninvasive Biomarkers

: Lung cancer is the first cause of cancer death in the world due to its high prevalence, aggressiveness, late diagnosis, lack of effective treatment and poor prognosis. It also shows high rate of recurrence, metastasis and drug resistance. All these problems highlight the urgent needs for developing new strategies using noninvasive biomarkers for early detection, metastasis and recurrence of disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. These molecules found to be abnormally expressed in increasing number of human disease conditions including cancer. miRNAs could be detected in body fluids such as blood, serum, urine and sputum, which leads us towards the idea of using them as non-invasive biomarker for cancer detection and monitoring cancer treatment and recurrence. miRNAs are found to be deregulated in lung cancer initiation and progression and could regulate lung cancer cell proliferation and invasion. In this review, we summarized recent progress and discoveries in microRNAs regulatory role in lung cancer initiation and progression. In addition, the role of microRNAs in EGFR signaling pathway regulation is discussed briefly.

scholarly journals Review on Antidepressant Medication

2019 ◽  
pp. 580-587
Author(s):  
Sudhir R. Kaulage ◽  
Kiran T. Aldar ◽  
Rahul P. Jadhav ◽  
Prakash D. Jadhav ◽  
Vishal D. Yadhav
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Antidepressant Medication ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Supportive Psychotherapy ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Depression is a life-threatening, debilitating, and common disease affecting different segments of community. Chemical and synthetic drugs available to treat this disease cause many adverse effects and may lead to complete recovery in only 50% of patients. Antidepressants are effective and accessible treatment options that can reduce suffering and prevent relapse of symptoms. They are recommended as first line treatment options in moderate and severe depression or mild or sub threshold depression that has persisted despite other interventions All current antidepressants, with the exception of agomelatine, increase the transmission of the monoamines, particularly serotonin, nor adrenaline and dopamine. The antidepressants are crucial for the treatment of depressive episodes in the acute phase when untreated symptoms are at their worst. With long-term use, however, the brain sets to work compensating for the drug-induced changes with a process he calls oppositional tolerance. Antidepressant drugs are the mainstay for the treatment of depression. Usually, antidepressants are given in combination with some form of limited supportive psychotherapy.

scholarly journals The Role of Advanced Imaging in Gout Management

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangshuang Li ◽  
Guanhua Xu ◽  
Junyu Liang ◽  
Liyan Wan ◽  
Heng Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Advanced Imaging ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Urate Crystals

Gout is a common form of inflammatory arthritis where urate crystals deposit in joints and surrounding tissues. With the high prevalence of gout, the standardized and effective treatment of gout is very important, but the long-term treatment effect of gout is not satisfied because of the poor adherence in patients to the medicines. Recently, advanced imaging modalities, including ultrasonography (US), dual-energy computed tomography (DECT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), attracted more and more attention for their role on gout as intuitive and non-invasive tools for early gout diagnosis and evaluation of therapeutic effect. This review summarized the role of US, DECT, and MRI in the management of gout from four perspectives: hyperuricemia, gout attacks, chronic gout, and gout complications described the scoring systems currently used to quantify disease severity and discussed the challenges and limitations of using these imaging tools to assess response to the gout treatment.

scholarly journals Inflammation and NF-κB Signaling in Prostate Cancer: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications

Cells ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Staal ◽  
Rudi Beyaert
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Castration Resistance ◽  
The West ◽  
Androgen Receptor Signaling ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Cancer Cell Survival ◽  
Androgen Depletion ◽  
Prevalent Form

Prostate cancer is a highly prevalent form of cancer that is usually slow-developing and benign. Due to its high prevalence, it is, however, still the second most common cause of death by cancer in men in the West. The higher prevalence of prostate cancer in the West might be due to elevated inflammation from metabolic syndrome or associated comorbidities. NF-κB activation and many other signals associated with inflammation are known to contribute to prostate cancer malignancy. Inflammatory signals have also been associated with the development of castration resistance and resistance against other androgen depletion strategies, which is a major therapeutic challenge. Here, we review the role of inflammation and its link with androgen signaling in prostate cancer. We further describe the role of NF-κB in prostate cancer cell survival and proliferation, major NF-κB signaling pathways in prostate cancer, and the crosstalk between NF-κB and androgen receptor signaling. Several NF-κB-induced risk factors in prostate cancer and their potential for therapeutic targeting in the clinic are described. A better understanding of the inflammatory mechanisms that control the development of prostate cancer and resistance to androgen-deprivation therapy will eventually lead to novel treatment options for patients.

scholarly journals A Contemporary Review of the Treatment Landscape and the Role of Predictive and Prognostic Biomarkers in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene S. Yu ◽  
Winson Y. Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Prognostic Biomarkers ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Combination Regimens ◽  
Developed World

Pancreatic cancer continues to represent one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in the developed world. Over the past decade, novel systemic therapy combination regimens have contributed to clinically meaningful and statistically significant improvements in overall survival as compared to conventional monotherapy. However, the prognosis for most patients remains guarded secondary to the advanced stages of disease at presentation. There is growing consensus that outcomes can be further optimized with the use of predictive and prognostic biomarkers whereby the former can be enriching for patients who would benefit from therapies and the latter can inform decision-making regarding the need and timing of advanced care planning. One of the challenges of current biomarkers is the lack of standardization across clinical practices such that comparability between jurisdictions can be difficult or even impossible. This inconsistency can impede widespread implementation of their use. In this review article, we provide a comprehensive overview of the contemporary treatment options for pancreatic cancer and we offer some insights into the existing landscape and future directions of biomarker development for this disease.

scholarly journals Pursuing parity: genetic tests for psychiatric conditions in the UK National Health Service

2019 ◽  
Vol 214 (5) ◽  
pp. 248-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Curtis ◽  
Katherine Adlington ◽  
Kamaldeep S. Bhui
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Genetics Research ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Uk National Health Service ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Philosophical Questions

SummarySchizophrenia and anorexia nervosa were recently added to the list of conditions for which whole genome sequencing might be indicated as part of the 100 000 Genomes Project, reflecting the remarkable recent progress in findings emerging from psychiatric genetics research. Genetic testing methods may offer increased opportunities for diagnosis and estimation of familial risk and could have implications for management and treatment options. They also present ethical and philosophical questions about the role of testing and storage of genetic information. Mental health professionals will need to have a good understanding of this area in order for patients to fully realise the benefits of these advances.Declaration of InterestK.S.B. is Editor of the British Journal of Psychiatry.

Social Work Treatment of Anorexia and Bulimia: Guidelines for Practice

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorie F. Shekter-Wolfson ◽  
D. Blake Woodside ◽  
Jan Lackstrom
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Severe Morbidity ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Significant Attention ◽  
Work Treatment

The eating disorders anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) continue to demand significant attention from health care professionals, both due to their high prevalence, mortality, and severe morbidity. Despite nearly 3 decades of investigation, much still remains to be learned about the etiology of the conditions, and there is only a moderate consensus about appropriate treatments. This review article reviews generally accepted models of etiology, modes of assessment, and treatment options for AN and BN, commenting on the empirical basis for the various treatments reviewed The role of social work in these illnesses is reviewed, and some directions for the future are considered.

The Place for the Tricyclic Antidepressants in the Treatment of Depression

1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Boyce ◽  
Fiona Judd
Keyword(s):  
Tricyclic Antidepressants ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
First Line ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Antidepressant Agents ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
First Line Treatment

Objective: The new generation antidepressants have been an important advance in the treatment of depression. Since their introduction, their use has become widespread and the role of the older tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) has been suggested only as a second-line choice. This assumption is questioned and the role of the TCAs as a first-line treatment for severe depression is discussed. Method: The relevant literature concerning the efficacy, tolerability and safety of the antidepressant drugs is reviewed, particularly those studies which compare the newer antidepressant agents with the TCAs. Results: The newer agents are equally as efficient as the tricyclics in the treatment of mild to moderate depression. There are indications that the TCAs are more efficacious for severe depression. The tolerability of the drugs appear about equivalent in terms of discontinuation rates; however, the side effects are different and clinicians need to be mindful of drug interactions and the potential of the serotonin syndrome with the selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs), problems not found with the TCAs. The TCAs are potentially lethal in overdose; however, appropriate clinical management appears to be a more important issue than the toxicity of the medication. Conclusions: The newer antidepressant agents are important advances in the treatment of depression. However, the TCAs still have an important place as the first-line treatment for patients with severe (melancholic/endogenous) depression.

scholarly journals Focus on Basal Cell Carcinoma

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venura Samarasinghe ◽  
Vishal Madan ◽  
John T. Lear
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Multiple Primary ◽  
Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers ◽  
Definite Role

Nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs), which include basal and squamous cell cancers are the most common human cancers. BCCs have a relatively low metastatic rate and slow growth and are frequently underreported. Whilst there is a definite role of sunexposure in the pathogenesis of BCC, several additional complex genotypic, phenotypic and environmental factors are contributory. The high prevalence and the frequent occurrence of multiple primary BCC in affected individuals make them an important public health problem. This has led to a substantial increase in search for newer noninvasive treatments for BCC. Surgical excision with predetermined margins remains the mainstay treatment for most BCC. Of the newer non-invasive treatments only photodynamic therapy and topical imiquimod have become established in the treatment of certain BCC subtypes, while the search for other more effective and tissue salvaging therapies continues. This paper focuses on the pathogenesis and management of BCC.

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