Scapula Dyskinesis

Scapular dyskinesis is any alteration of its static position or kinematics during movements in the shoulder joint. The correct scapula orientation is associated with the tone of the muscles attached to it. The prevalence of scapular dyskinesis is high among patients with subacromial impingement syndrome, partial rotator cuff tears, shoulder joint instability and SLAP injuries. Scapular dyskinesis can be caused by a whole range of factors, including upper cross syndrome and postural adaptations predisposing to it, neurological disorders. However, instrumental diagnosis of scapular dyskinesis is difficult, which makes the use of clinical tests the main method of its detection. In this lecture, the etiology of scapular dyskinesis, classification, diagnostic tests and treatment methods are analyzed in detail. The detection of scapular dyskinesis and its type determination in patients with shoulder joint pathologies allows us to form an optimal rehabilitation therapy protocol, including techniques of myofascial release, passive and active stretching of spasmodic and training of weak muscle groups aimed at correcting postural disorders, pathology of the scapulohumeral rhythm, restoration of the glenohumeral joint normal biomechanics.

Meaningful Activities and Psychosomatic Functions in Japanese Older Adults after Driving Cessation

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to analyse the differences in meaningful activities and psychosomatic function depending on the driving status of community-dwelling older adults. Data from 594 older adults were obtained, including activities meaningful to individuals and psychosomatic functions, such as grip strength, depression, cognitive function, and ability of activity. Participants were divided into active driving (n = 549) and after driving cessation (n = 45) groups. In addition, the active driving group was operationally divided into three groups: high-frequency group (n = 387), medium group (n = 119), and infrequent group (n = 42). In the after driving cessation group, grip strength, and Japan Science and Technology Agency Index of Competence scores were significantly lower. Furthermore, the proportion of apathy and physical and social frailty was significantly higher in the after driving cessation group. Regarding meaningful activity, domestic life scores in the after driving cessation group were significantly higher than those of the active driving group. Decreased driving frequency in the active driving group was associated with weak muscle strength, lack of interest, and low activity. This study demonstrated that meaningful activity differed based on the driving status. Hence, we should support the activities of older adults who are considering driving cessation.

Metabolic Acidosis & it’s connection with other diseases

After long observation and analysis, a connection between metabolic acidosis and migraine have been found in a female patient. She is suffering from headache from childhood. As, headache is not the primary cause it was difficult to treat. Several medicines worked when patient takes the medicine regularly. Headache is back when the drug is stopped. As the root cause was not found and not treated, there are several other problems started happening like muscle pain, weak muscle, numbness etc. Long-term metabolic acidosis has effect on the Gastroesophageal & Gastrointestinal motility. For the patient, it was observed that “Metabolic Acidosis” is the indicator. Acidosis takes place first. There can be many reasons for metabolic acidosis, but with consistent disbalance of pH level in body it damages many areas of body. And there can be several diseases added to the list. Most importantly it interrupts the connection between CNS (Central nervous system) and ENS (Enteric nervous system). Due to this disconnection the signals coming from brain cannot reach the GI tract. Very few of the signals from (instruction to contract and relaxation of the GI tract) can reach. The fact is “Less signals, less motility” and the outcome is “lazy gut. There can exist false signals, wrong interpretations of the signals.

Pharyngeal timing and particle transport defects in Caenorhabditis elegans feeding mutants

The nematode C. elegans uses rhythmic muscle contractions and relaxations called pumps to filter, transport, and crush food particles. A number of feeding mutants have been identified, including those with slow pharyngeal pumping rate, weak muscle contraction, defective muscle relaxation, and defective grinding of bacteria. Many aspects of these pharyngeal behavioral defects and how they affect pharyngeal function are not well understood. For example, the behavioral deficits underlying inefficient particle transport in ‘slippery’ mutants have been unclear. Here we use high speed video microscopy to describe pharyngeal pumping behaviors and particle transport in wild-type animals and in feeding mutants. Different ‘slippery’ mutants exhibit distinct defects including weak isthmus contraction, failure to trap particles in the anterior isthmus, and abnormal timing of contraction and relaxation in pharyngeal compartments. Our results show that multiple deficits in pharyngeal timing or contraction can cause defects in particle transport.

REiNS: Reliability of Handheld Dynamometry to Measure Focal Muscle Weakness in Neurofibromatosis Types 1 and 2

Objective:To determine a suitable outcome measure for assessing muscle strength in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and type 2 (NF2) clinical trials, we evaluated the intra-observer reliability of hand-held dynamometry (HHD) and developed consensus recommendations for its use in neurofibromatosis clinical trials.Methods:Patients ≥5 years with weakness in at least 1 muscle group by manual muscle testing (MMT) were eligible. Maximal isometric muscle strength of a weak muscle group and the biceps of the dominant arm were measured by HHD. An average of 3 repetitions per session was used as an observation, and 3 sessions with rest period between each were performed on the same day by a single observer. Intra- and inter-session intraclass correlation (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV) were calculated to assess reliability and measurement error.Results:Twenty NF1 and 13 NF2 patients enrolled; median age was 12 years (interquartile range (IQR) 9-17) and 29 years (IQR 22-38) respectively. By MMT, weak muscle strength ranged from 2-/5 to 4+/5. Biceps strength was 5/5 in all patients. Inter-session ICC for the weak muscles were 0.98 and 0.99 in the NF1 and NF2 cohorts respectively and for biceps were 0.97 and 0.97 respectively. The median CV for average session strength were 5.4% (IQR 2.6%-7.3%) and 2.9% (IQR 2.0%-6.2%) for weak muscles and biceps respectively.Conclusion:HHD performed by a trained examiner with a well-defined protocol is a reliable technique to measure muscle strength in NF1 and NF2. Recommendations for strength testing in NF1 and NF2 trials are provided.

Orthoses in Conservative Management of Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation

Cerebral palsy is the developmental and postural disorder that combines a group of conditions/disease (neuromuscular), occurs in the developing fetal or infant brain, affects movement and intelligence that are ascribed to non-progressive disturbances. Orthotics is the branch of modern health science and rehabilitation that deals with assessment, prescription, fabrication, fitment, and purposeful gait training to the individual who needs orthosis for optimal independence. Orthoses are external devices that applied to increase function, prevent contracture and deformity, maintain the limbs in a functional position, stabilize the segments of the body, support the weak muscle and its functions, increase motor control, reduce spasticity, protect the limbs, and body segments in the postoperative condition.

Muscarinic receptor blockade causes postcontraction enhancement in corticospinal excitability following maximal contractions

The relationship between motor function and cholinergic circuitry in the central nervous system is complex. Although many studies have approached this issue at the cellular level, few studies have examined cholinergic mechanisms in humans performing muscle contractions. This study demonstrates that blockade of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors enhances motor evoked potentials (elicited with transcranial magnetic stimulation) following strong muscle contractions, but not weak muscle contractions.

Muscle strength is associated with COVID-19 hospitalization in adults 50 years of age and older

BackgroundWeak muscle strength has been associated with a wide range of adverse health outcomes. Yet, whether individuals with weaker strength are more at risk for hospitalization due to severe COVID-19 is still unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the independent association between muscle strength and COVID-19 hospitalization.MethodsData from 3600 adults 50 years of age and older were analyzed using logistic models adjusted for several chronic conditions, body mass index, age, and sex. Hand grip strength was repeatedly measured between 2004 and 2017 using a handheld dynamometer. COVID-19 hospitalization during the lockdown was self-reported in summer 2020 and was used an indicator of COVID-19 severity.ResultsResults showed that higher grip strength was associated with a lower risk of COVID-19 hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio [OR] per increase of 1 SD in grip strength = .64, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = .45–.87, p = .015). Results also showed that age (OR for a 10-year period = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.32–2.20, p < .001) and obesity (OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.00– 3.69, p = .025) was associated with higher risk of COVID-19 hospitalization. Sensitivity analyses using different measures of grip strength as well as robustness analyses based on rare-events logistic regression and COVID-19 patients were consistent with the main results.ConclusionMuscle strength is an independent risk factor for COVID-19 severity in adults 50 years of age and older.

THE EFFECT OF MURCCHITA TILA TAILA BASED PANCHAKARMA PROCEDURE AND BALAPANCHAMRITA YOGA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CEREBRAL PALSY IN CHILDREN: A SINGLE ARM PROSPECTIVE CLINICAL TRIAL

Cerebral palsy appear in early childhood due to damage of developing parts of the brain that control the movement, balance, posture and other functions of the body. The early diagnosis of CP is based on the symptoms of poor head control, poor coordination, stiff muscles, weak muscle, tremors and gross motor developmental delay. As per Ayurveda, all functional activity of the body is regulated by the Vata Dosha. Vitiated Vata shows same symptoms like cerebral palsy due to its Ruksha, Sheeta and Khara gunas. So that the aim of treatment is to pacifying the vitiated Vata Dosha by Panchakarma procedures with normal Murcchita Tila Taila; and assess their effect on spasticity, range of movement and in quality of life in children. Murcchita Tila Taila shows significant response at the end of trail/therapy. In this study, the effect of Panchakarma therapy with Mucchita Tila Taila has shown 78.58% patients with mild response I and 21.42% patients with mild response II on both Modified Ashworth scale and Gross Motor Function Manual Scale, 85.71% patients with mild response I and 14.29% patient with no response on Quality of life scale.