Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection in Adolescents

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athena Kourtis ◽  
Joan Kraft ◽  
Lorrie Gavin ◽  
Dmitry Kissin ◽  
Pamela McMichen-Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Awareness about Sexually Transmitted Infections and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection among Patients with Genital Symptoms

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Madhu Gyawalee ◽  
BP Paudyal ◽  
DB Pokhrel
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Stis And Hiv

Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a major cause of public health problem. In developing countries, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is spreading rapidly, with sexually transmitted infections acting as a cofactor for the spread of HIV. Yet adequate awareness regarding these infections is lacking.Objective: To explore the knowledge and awareness about STIs and HIV infection in patients visiting Dermatology and Venereology Clinic of Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH) with genital symptoms.Material and Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out in the department of dermato-venereology, TUTH for a period of one year. Total of 130 consecutive cases were enrolled. After taking consent and assuring confidentiality they were interviewed regarding awareness of STIs and HIV/AIDS.Results: Out of 130 cases, 95% and 98.5% had heard of an STI and HIV/AIDS respectively. Only 43.8% could mention discharge from genitalia as a symptom of STI whereas 38.5% could mention none. Most (91.5%) knew about the sexual mode of transmission of both STIs and HIV. None could mention about mother to child transmission of an STI, whereas 15% knew that an infected mother can transmit HIV to her baby. About 58% were aware that condoms could protect them from acquiring an STI, 63% perceived this as best method of prevention from HIV. When only 26% knew that being faithful to one partner is the best mode of prevention from an STI, 45% mentioned avoiding contact with multiple partners could prevent them from HIV transmission.Conclusions: Awareness programme on STIs as a whole could improve knowledge and awareness on HIV and STIs and hence prevent both.

Women, contraception and HIV

1993 ◽  
Vol 31 (25) ◽  
pp. 97-98
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Disease ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Barrier Methods ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Transmission To Women

Sexual intercourse brings with it the risk of contracting a sexually transmitted disease (STD), which might include human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Many women involved in penetrative sex will use some form of contraception and while barrier methods offer some protection against HIV infection, other methods might increase the risk. This article looks at how different methods of contraception affect the risk of HIV transmission to women.

Patterns of Risk Behaviour for Patients with Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Surveillance for Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munn Sann Lye ◽  
Chris Archibald ◽  
Azizan Aiyub Ghazali ◽  
Bin Tik Low ◽  
Boon Hooi Teoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Type I ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Risk Behaviours ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

A study was conducted to determine the feasibility of establishing a sentinel human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) surveillance system involving patients with sexually transmitted diseases attending private clinics and a government sexually transmitted disease clinic in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Information on risk behaviours for HIV infection were also collected. A total of 84 female and 91 male patients were interviewed and tested for HIV infection; 41.7% of the women reported working as prostitutes, other occupations included masseuses, hairdressers, waitresses, salesgirls, receptionists, factory workers, and others. The most common diagnosis was gonorrhoea. Other diagnoses included non-specific genital infection, pelvic inflammatory disease, genital herpes and syphilis. 58.3% of the women had a hundred or more sex partners during the previous month; 99% had 6 or more sex partners. Only 4.8% of female patients had their male partners using condoms most of the time, 11.9% hardly used condoms at all. Of the males, 93.3% were heterosexual, while 6.7% were bisexuals, 41.1% had between 6–20 different partners in the previous year. 78.0% of them had prostitutes as their sex partners most of the time. 41.8% had experiences in Thailand and the Philippines. 73.6% never used condoms, while 19.8% only used condoms rarely. Although all patients were tested negative for HIV antibodies, lot quality assurance sampling methods indicate that the upper limits of prevalences for females and males were 3.5% and 3.3% respectively, at a 5% type I error. The study has shown that it is feasible to carry out a sentinel surveillance programme among STD patients and provided useful baseline data for future comparisons. The high prevalence of risk behaviours among STD patients is alarming and underscores the urgency of multiagency cooperation and aggressive health education and behaviour change programmes to combat the growing problem of HIV infection in the country.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Seropositivity in Adolescents With Syphilis

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 695-698
Author(s):  
Edward McCabe ◽  
Leslie R. Jaffe ◽  
Angela Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Disease ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serologic Test ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Objective. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among innercity, minority group adolescents. Methods. From August 1989 through June 1990, serum from all positive serologic tests for syphilis, obtained from patients attending a comprehensive adolescent health center in an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epicenter and its two school-based clinics, were frozen without patient identifiers and were subsequently screened for HIV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with confirmatory Western blot for positives. In addition, a retrospective chart review was performed for all patients with a positive serologic test for syphilis during the study period. Results. Of the 59 specimens with a positive syphilis serologic test, 9 (15.3%) were HIV seropositive. Of the patients with syphilis, 57.4% were black and 42.6% were Hispanic; 16.4% were male (mean age 18.1) and 83.6% were female (mean age 17.8). Only 1 subject (female) was an injection drug user; 4 of the male subjects self-identified as having had sex with other males. Of the subjects, 27.8% had primary, 19.7% had secondary, and 52.5% had latent syphilis at the time of diagnosis. A prior or concurrent sexually transmitted disease was present in 90% of the males and 80% of the females; gonorrhea was the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease in the males (89%) and chlamydia was most prevalent in the females (35%). A history of chancroid and/or herpes was present in 16.4% of the subjects. Conclusions. It is concluded that the diagnosis of syphilis in an adolescent is a risk factor for HIV infection. All sexually active adolescents should be routinely screened for syphilis, regardless of sexual practices. Those with syphilis should be specifically counseled about their increased risk for HIV infection and the importance of consistent condom use, and they should be referred for formal HIV pretest counseling.

scholarly journals The Efficacy and Safety of Topical Microbicide Gels to Prevent Sexual Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Gillies-Podgorecki ◽  
Sarah van Gaalen ◽  
Tiba Abdulwahid ◽  
Marissa Becker ◽  
Mê-Linh Lê ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Application Site ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Topical Microbicides ◽  
Topical Microbicide ◽  
Microbicide Gels

Abstract Background: Topical microbicide gels are a potential method to reduce sexually transmitted human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, especially in women. Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of topical microbicides to prevent HIV transmission have yielded promising results, however trial results have been inconsistent. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of topical microbicide gels to prevent HIV transmission.Methods: We conducted meta-analyses, stratified by microbicide gel type, using a random-effects model. We included 25 RCTs that met the inclusion criteria: 13 RCTs examined gel efficacy during heterosexual contact, and an additional 12 trials reported on gel acceptability, participants’ adherence to intervention, and adverse reactions (allergic reaction and pain). Results: With this limited data, topical microbicide gels were not found to be significantly better than placebo in preventing HIV infection (risk ratio (RR) 0.93, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.04; I2 14%; 13 trials; 31,764 participants). It should be noted that low adherence rates were frequently reported within trials. In one trial with high participant adherence (>70%) to intervention, there was a significant protective effect of gels (RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.93; 889 participants). While measures of acceptability and adherence to intervention were similar between groups, administration of topical microbicides were associated with an increased incidence of pain at the application site (RR 1.16, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.36, I2 0%, 15 trials, 19,554 participants).Conclusions: In conclusion, efficacy of topical microbicide gels may relate to baseline risk and compliance with the intervention. In the general population it is not associated with protection from sexually transmitted HIV infection.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of syphilis in human immunodeficiency virus patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2578
Author(s):  
N. Lakshmi ◽  
K. Prasanthi ◽  
P. Kamala ◽  
C. Siva Kalyani ◽  
P. Appa Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Hemagglutination Assay ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Background: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by, Treponema pallidum. Syphilis facilitates the transmission and acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and causes transient increase in the viral load. Sexually transmitted infections (STI) are 3-5 times more likely to acquire HIV infection, if exposed to the virus through sexual contact. Aim of the study was to estimate the seroprevalence of Syphilis in HIV patients.Methods: A total of 920 blood samples were collected from HIV patients attending ART (Antiretroviral therapy) centre and were tested for Syphilis by using Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) and Treponema pallidum Hemagglutination Assay (TPHA). A total of 100 HIV non-reactive individuals were taken as a control group.Results: Out of 920 samples, 102 (11.1%) were positive for Syphilis. Out of 102 Syphilis seropositive patients, males (76.5%) were more commonly affected in age group of 21-40 years. Both RPR and TPHA were reactive in 46% of cases and only TPHA reactive in 53.9% of cases. Out of 100 HIV non-reactive patients, 5% of patients are reactive for Syphilis.Conclusions: In the present study, prevalence of Syphilis was more in HIV patients compared to HIV non-reactive persons. Persons with HIV infection acquired through sexual route should be screened for Syphilis by one nonspecific test along with specific test to confirm the diagnosis. This will help in proper management of the patients having Syphilis and HIV co-infection.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection in Children

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly Ryan ◽  
Edward Connor ◽  
Anthony Minnefor ◽  
Frank Desposito ◽  
James Oleske
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus
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