Bacterial Profile and Antibiotic Use in Pneumonia Patients at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Rika Yulia ◽  
Josephine Witha Mariza ◽  
Soedarsono ◽  
Fauna Herawati
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Defined Daily Dose ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Bed Days

Background: Pneumonia is one of the causes of morbidity and mortality in children and adults worldwide. WHO report in 1999 stated that the main cause of death due to infectious disease is pneumonia. The rising mortality rate among severe pneumonia patients is because they do not receive empirical antibiotic treatment according to the infecting pathogens. Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify the bacterial profile and the use of antibiotic treatment on pneumonia patients admitted to the pulmonology ward of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia. Methods: This descriptive observational study used the data from pneumonia patients admitted to the pulmonology ward of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, from February to April 2018. The data was collected from the patients’ medical records, antibiotic use notes, and culture results of bacterial antibiotic sensitivity test. The total of antibiotic use was calculated using a defined daily dose (DDD) per 100 bed days. The quality of antibiotics was assessed using Gyssens method. The microbial mapping was acquired from a sputum culture test result. Results: The most prevalent bacteria in pneumonia patients were the Gram-negative bacteria and the most common species was Acinetobacter baumannii followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae. In contrast, the most common Gram-positive bacteria species was Streptococcus viridans. The total antibiotic use was 35.53 DDD/100 bed days, and ceftriaxone was the most commonly used antibiotic with 9.23 DDD/100 bed days. Fifty percent of the antibiotic use was in category wise use of antibiotic. Conclusion: The Gram-negative bacteria were the most common cause of pneumonia and ceftriaxone was the most commonly used antibiotic for its cure. Fifty percent of the patients received ceftriaxone appropriately.

scholarly journals Urine Culture in Hospitalized Patients during 2014-2018: An Analysis on Pathogen Distribution and Drug Sensitivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Dongkai Sun ◽  
Peishan Cong ◽  
Fengju Guan ◽  
Shuai Liu ◽  
Lijiang Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Sensitivity ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Tract Infections

Objective. We sought to analyze the distribution and antibiotic sensitivity of pathogens in hospitalized patients and to provide a scientific reference for the rational application of antibiotics. Methods. From January 2014 to December 2018, urine cultures from patients in our hospital were collected and analyzed retrospectively for the presence, distribution, and drug sensitivity of pathogens. Results. A total of 42,854 midstream urine cultures were collected from which 11,891 (27.75%) pathogens were isolated, including 8101 (68.13%) strains of gram-negative bacteria, 2580 (21.69%) strains of gram-positive bacteria, and 1210 (10.18%) strains of fungi. Escherichia coli and Enterococci were the most common species of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, respectively. Drug sensitivity varied among different pathogens. Clear drug resistance was observed in bacteria, while fungus exhibited relatively lower resistance. Conclusion. Pathogens responsible for urinary tract infections in hospitalized patients are diversiform and display resistance to some antibiotics. Drug resistance monitoring should be enhanced to optimize antimicrobial therapy.

Abstract 1453: Antibiotic treatment targeting gram negative bacteria prevents neratinib-induced diarrhea in rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate R. Secombe ◽  
Imogen A. Ball ◽  
Anthony D. Wignall ◽  
Emma Bateman ◽  
Irmina Diala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Treatment Targeting

scholarly journals Bacterial Isolates from Tracheal Aspirates and their Anti-microbial Susceptibility in Mechanically-Ventilated Children with Pneumonia Admitted to an Urban Critical Care Ward

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
KM Shahunja ◽  
Mohammed Abdus Salam ◽  
Tahmeed Ahmed ◽  
Pradip Kumar Bardhan ◽  
Shafiqul Alam Sarker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Tracheal Aspirate ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Tracheal Aspirates

Background and Aims: Data on Bacterial isolates from tracheal aspirates in children with severe pneumonia requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation especially in developing countries are very limited. We examined the microbial spectrum of bacteria isolated from tracheal aspirate of those children. The antibiotic susceptibility profiles of those bacteria were also examined.Methods: We evaluated the data of all mechanically ventilated children aged 0-59 months admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of “Dhaka Hospital” of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b) between August 2009 and July 2013 having their tracheal aspirate culture done. Data were extracted from electronic medical records of the Dhaka Hospital.Results: Among 836 admitted pneumonia children in the ICU, we identified 35 children who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Among them 34 (97%) had positive bacterial growths: Klebseilla species in 14 (40%), Escherichia coli in 11 (31%), Acinetobacter in 8 (23%) and Streptococcus species in 8 (23%). Additionally, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudominas and Proteus species were identified in 6 (17%), 4 (11%), and 2 (6%) of the children respectively. The susceptibility of the gram-negatives, except Klebseilla, to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, and ceftriaxone ranged from 0- 54%, while that for ceftazidime and amikacin ranged from 12-80%. The sensitivity of Klebseilla to these antibiotics ranged from 0-100%.Conclusions: Our data suggests that gram-negative bacteria, Klebseilla followed by Escherichia coli, and Acenetobacter are the predominant bacteria associated with severe pneumonia in ventilated children. The increased number of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria is being accompanied by rising rates of multi-drug resistance which underscores the importance of aggressive antimicrobial therapy in the management of such children.Bangladesh Crit Care J September 2014; 2 (2): 60-64

scholarly journals Bloodstream infections in patients with hematologic malignancies and febrile neutropenia - a single center experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
Marina Dragicevic-Jojkic ◽  
Ivana Urosevic ◽  
Amir El Farra ◽  
Borivoj Sekulic ◽  
Ivanka Percic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Febrile Neutropenia ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp

Introduction. Bacterial blood infections during febrile neutropenia episodes are urgent medical conditions which were and still are the main cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with hematologic malignancies. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and clinical characteristics of bacteremia, infectious agents, presence and incidence of antibiotic resistance, as well as the treatment outcome of bloodstream infections in patients with hematologic malignancies. Material and Methods. A three-year retrospective study included 107 patients with hematologic malignancies and positive blood culture results during febrile neutropenia. Results. The most common isolates were Gram-negative bacteria (58.5%), with Escherichia coli being the most frequent pathogen. The Gram-negative microorganisms were mostly sensitive to carbapenems in 70.7%, whereas sensitivity to other antibiotics was as follows: piperacillin/ tazobactam 62%, amikacin 58.5%, and third-generation cephalosporins 50.5%. Acinetobacter spp. was sensitive only to colistin (94.1%). The antibiotic sensitivity among Gram-positive bacteria was highest to linezolid (97.1%), followed by teicoplanin (81.4%) and vancomycin (81.4%). In our patients, the mortality rate during the first 28 days from the moment of positive isolates was high (37.4%). Most patients died within the first seven days. Bacterial blood infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria were associated with significantly higher mortality (?2 = 4.92, p = 0.026). Acinetobacter spp. was isolated in almost half of the patients with fatal outcome, of whom 62.5% died in the first 24 hours. Conclusion. Bacterial bloodstream infections are severe complications with a high rate of mortality in febrile neutropenic hematological patients. Gram-negative bacteria were the most common isolates in our Clinic, with high mortality. It is of utmost importance to constantly monitor the resistance of bacteria to antibiotics, as well as to prevent and control the spread of resistant strains. Antibiotics resistance patterns should regularly be followed.

Microbiological pattern of prosthetic hip and knee infections: a high-volume, single-centre experience in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yali Yu ◽  
Yiyi Kong ◽  
Jing Ye ◽  
Aiguo Wang ◽  
Wenteng Si
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Musculoskeletal Infection ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Empirical Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Link Type

Introduction. Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a serious complication after arthroplasty, which results in high morbidity, prolonged treatment and considerable healthcare expenses in the absence of accurate diagnosis. In China, microbiological data on PJIs are still scarce. Hypothesis/Gap Statement. The incidence of PJI is increasing year by year, and the proportion of drug-resistant bacteria infection is nicreasing, which brings severe challenges to the treatment of infection. Aim. This study aimed to identify the pathogens in PJIs, multi-drug resistance, and evaluate the effect of the treatment regimen in patients with PJI. Methodology. A total of 366 consecutive cases of PJI in the hip or knee joint were admitted at the Orthopedic Surgery Center in Zhengzhou, China from January 2012 to December 2018. Infections were confirmed in accordance with the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria. Concurrently, patient demographic data, incidence and antibiotic resistance were investigated. Statistical differences were analysed using Fisher’s exact test or chi-square test. Results. Altogether, 318 PJI cases satisfying the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study, including 148 with hip PJIs and 170 with knee PJIs. The average age of patients with hip PJIs was lesser than that of patients with knee PJIs (56.4 vs. 68.6 years). Meanwhile, coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CNS, n=81, 25.5 %) was the predominant causative pathogen, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (n=67, 21.1 %). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRS) was identified in 28.9 % of PJI patients. In addition, fungus accounted for 4.8 % (n=15), non-tuberculosis mycobacterium accounted for 1.6 % (n=5), polymicrobial pathogens accounted for 21.7 % (n=69), and Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 7.9 % (n=25) of the total infections. The results of antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that gentamicin and clindamycin β-lactam antibiotics were poorly susceptible to Gram-positive isolates, but they were sensitive to rifampicin, linezolid and vancomycin. While antibiotics such as amikacin and imipenem were effective against Gram-negative bacteria, there was a high resistance rate of other pathogens to gentamicin, clindamycin and some quinolone antibacterial drugs. Empirical antibiotic treatment should combine vancomycin and cephalosporin, levofloxacin or clindamycin. When the pathogen is confirmed, the treatment should be individualized. Conclusions. The prevalence of culture-negative PJIs is still very high. Gram-positive bacteria are still the main type of pathogens that cause PJIs. Attention should be paid to the high incidence of MRS, such as MRSA and MR-CNS, among PJI patients. Empirical antibiotic treatment should cover Gram-positive isolates, especially Staphylococcus .

Diversity profiling of xenic cultures of Dientamoeba fragilis following systematic antibiotic treatment and prospects for genome sequencing

Parasitology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 147 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Rory Gough ◽  
Joel Barratt ◽  
Damien Stark ◽  
John Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Nutritional Requirement ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Dientamoeba Fragilis ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe presence of bacterial DNA in Dientamoeba fragilis DNA extracts from culture poses a substantial challenge to sequencing the D. fragilis genome. However, elimination of bacteria from D. fragilis cultures has proven difficult in the past, presumably due to its dependence on some unknown prokaryote/s. This study explored options for removal of bacteria from D. fragilis cultures and for the generation of genome sequence data from D. fragilis. DNA was extracted from human faecal samples and xenic D. fragilis cultures. Extracts were subjected to 16S ribosomal DNA bacterial diversity profiling. Xenic D. fragilis cultures were then subject to antibiotic treatment regimens that systematically removed bacterial species depending on their membrane structure (Gram-positive or Gram-negative) and aerobic requirements. The impact of these treatments on cultures was assessed by 16S amplicon sequencing. Prior to antibiotic treatment, the cultures were dominated by Gram-negative bacteria. Addition of meropenem to cultures eliminated anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria, but it also led to protozoan death after 5 days incubation. The seeding of meropenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strain KPC-2 into cultures before treatment by meropenem prevented death of D. fragilis cells beyond this 5 day period, suggesting that one or more species of Gram-negative bacteria may be an essential nutritional requirement for D. fragilis. Gram-positive cells were completely eliminated using vancomycin without affecting trophozoite growth. Finally, this study shows that genome sequencing of D. fragilis is feasible following bacterial elimination from cultures as the result of the major advances occurring in bioinformatics. We provide evidence on this fact by successfully sequencing the D. fragilis 28S large ribosomal DNA subunit gene using culture-derived DNA.

scholarly journals ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF MICROFLORA FROM APPARENTLY HEALTHY CAGED PARROTS OF DHAKA ZOO OF BANGLADESH

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 05-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Akhter ◽  
MT Hossain ◽  
MT Islam ◽  
MP Siddique ◽  
MA Islam
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Apparently Healthy

The research work was conducted to isolate and identify the microflora from apparently healthy caged parrots. A total of 45 samples (oral swabs, cloacal swabs and feces) were collected from five types of caged parrots (Gray cockatiels, Rose ringed parakeet, Alexandriane parakeet, Red breast parakeet and Blossom headed parakeet) of Dhaka Zoo during the period from April to August 2009. The samples were cultured on different bacteriological media and the bacteria were identified by their cultural and biochemical properties. All the isolates were allowed for antibiogram study. The bacteria isolated in this study from different types of caged parrots were E. coli (64.44%), Salmonella spp. (46.67%), Staphylococcus spp. (46.67%), Pasteurella spp. (33.33%), Proteus spp. (6.67%) and some unidentified Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Of these isolates, E. coli was the most frequent isolate. The frequency of Gram-negative bacteria was higher in this study. The percentage of bacterial isolates recovered from each type of parrots was almost similar. Irrespective of types of parrots, the higher percentage of different bacteria was isolated from cloacal swab (77.78%) followed by feces (75.56%). The 68.89% isolates were recovered from oral swab. All the suspected isolates of Salmonella spp. were confirmed by slide agglutination test using Salmonella polyvalent ‘O’ antiserum. Among the 21 Salmonella spp. isolated in this study, 4 (19.05%) isolates were identified as S. Pullorum when tested with specific antisera against S. Pullorum. The results of antibiotic sensitivity tests revealed that ampicillin and amoxicillin were completely resistant to E. coli and Pasteurella spp.; ampicillin to Proteus spp.; and furazolidone to Salmonella spp. and Pasteurella spp. However, the antibiotics of fluoroquinolone group such as ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and enrofloxacin showed moderate to high sensitivity against almost all the bacterial isolates. Of these, ciprofloxacin was found to be consistently highly sensitive to all the bacterial isolates. DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v8i1.8349 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2010). 8(1): 05-10

Impact of a hospital-wide programme of heterogeneous antibiotic use on the development of antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria

2010 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Takesue ◽  
K. Nakajima ◽  
K. Ichiki ◽  
M. Ishihara ◽  
Y. Wada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative

Bacteriological Sampling of Telephones and Other Hospital Staff Hand-Contact Objects

1984 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 533-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen M. Rafferty ◽  
Stephen J. Pancoast
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Staff Member ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
Hand Contact

AbstractIn an acute-care general hospital, 114 telephones, intercoms, dictaphones, and bedpan flusher handles were sampled in patient-care areas for type of bacterial contamination. Nine of these (7%) demonstrated potentially pathogenic bacteria including Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas and Aeromonas. Inanimate, environmental, staff hand-contact objects were only lightly contaminated, did not represent a significant reservoir of gram-negative organisms, and therefore, would be unlikely to be a vehicle of transmission of gram-negative bacteria from the hands of one staff member to another under routine circumstances. Surveillance and disinfection of telephones and related hand-contact items in the hospital appear unnecessary.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document