Fasting Insulin and Risk of Cancer Related Mortality in Non-diabetic Adults: A Dose-response Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matin Ghanavati ◽  
Jamal Rahmani ◽  
Giulia Rinaldi ◽  
Hamid Zand
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Fasting Insulin Level ◽  
Related Mortality

Background: Insulin is known to have direct and indirect effects on cell cycle progression, proliferation and metastatic activities. We performed a dose-response meta-analysis to investigate the association between hyperinsulinemia and all-cause cancer related mortality. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted on MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases to include all published articles up to January 2019. Combined hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were estimated using DerSimonian and Laird random-effects models. A dose-response analysis was also conducted to further explore insulin’s relationship with cancer-related mortality. Results: We identified seven studies, with a total of 23,990 participants, who reported the association between hyperinsulinemia and cancer-related mortality. Results from the eligible studies indicated that higher fasting insulin levels were not associated with an increased risk of cancer mortality (pooled HR: 1.14, 95% CI: 0.99-1.32), however, significant heterogeneity was present (I2 = 60.3%, P heterogeneity = 0.001). A subgroup analysis based on gender demonstrated a significant association between fasting insulin level and cancer mortality in men (pooled HR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.23-3.01, P heterogeneity = 0.281). Conclusion: This dose-response meta-analysis showed a direct significant association between fasting insulin level and cancer mortality in men.

scholarly journals Dietary intake and biomarkers of alpha linolenic acid and risk of all cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies

BMJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. n2213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Naghshi ◽  
Dagfinn Aune ◽  
Joseph Beyene ◽  
Sara Mobarak ◽  
Masoomeh Asadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Abstract Objective To examine the associations between dietary intake and tissue biomarkers of alpha linolenic acid (ALA) and risk of mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Data sources PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar to 30 April 2021. Study selection Prospective cohort studies that reported the risk estimates for death from all causes, CVD, and cancer. Data synthesis Summary relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for the highest versus lowest categories of ALA intake using random effects and fixed effects models. Linear and non-linear dose-response analyses were conducted to assess the dose-response associations between ALA intake and mortality. Results 41 articles from prospective cohort studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis, totalling 1 197 564 participants. During follow-up ranging from two to 32 years, 198 113 deaths from all causes, 62 773 from CVD, and 65 954 from cancer were recorded. High intake of ALA compared with low intake was significantly associated with a lower risk of deaths from all causes (pooled relative risk 0.90, 95% confidence interval 0.83 to 0.97, I 2 =77.8%, 15 studies), CVD (0.92, 0.86 to 0.99, I 2 =48.2%, n=16), and coronary heart disease (CHD) (0.89, 0.81 to 0.97, I 2 =5.6%, n=9), and a slightly higher risk of cancer mortality (1.06, 1.02 to 1.11, I 2 =3.8%, n=10). In the dose-response analysis, a 1 g/day increase in ALA intake (equivalent to one tablespoon of canola oil or 0.5 ounces of walnut) was associated with a 5% lower risk of all cause (0.95, 0.91 to 0.99, I 2 =76.2%, n=12) and CVD mortality (0.95, 0.91 to 0.98, I 2 =30.7%, n=14). The pooled relative risks for the highest compared with lowest tissue levels of ALA indicated a significant inverse association with all cause mortality (0.95, 0.90 to 0.99, I 2 =8.2%, n=26). Also, based on the dose-response analysis, each 1 standard deviation increment in blood concentrations of ALA was associated with a lower risk of CHD mortality (0.92, 0.86 to 0.98, I 2 =37.1%, n=14). Conclusions The findings show that dietary ALA intake is associated with a reduced risk of mortality from all causes, CVD, and CHD, and a slightly higher risk of cancer mortality, whereas higher blood levels of ALA are associated with a reduced risk of all cause and CHD mortality only. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42021229487.

scholarly journals Association of Total Nut, Tree Nut, Peanut, and Peanut Butter Consumption with Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Naghshi ◽  
Mehdi Sadeghian ◽  
Morteza Nasiri ◽  
Sara Mobarak ◽  
Masoomeh Asadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Peanut Butter ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Tree Nuts ◽  
Tree Nut ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Nut Intake

ABSTRACT Data on the association of nut intake with risk of cancer and its mortality are conflicting. Although previous meta-analyses summarized available findings in this regard, some limitations may distort their findings. Moreover, none of these meta-analyses examined the dose-response associations of total nut intake with the risk of specific cancers as well as associations between specific types of nuts and cancer mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to summarize available findings on the associations of total nut (tree nuts and peanuts), tree nut (walnuts, pistachios, macadamia nuts, pecans, cashews, almonds, hazelnuts, and Brazil nuts), peanut (whole peanuts without considering peanut butter), and peanut butter consumption with risk of cancer and its mortality by considering the above-mentioned points. We searched the online databases until March 2020 to identify eligible articles. In total, 43 articles on cancer risk and 9 articles on cancer mortality were included in the current systematic review and meta-analysis. The summary effect size (ES) for risk of cancer, comparing the highest with lowest intakes of total nuts, was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.81, 0.92, P < 0.001, I2 = 58.1%; P < 0.01), indicating a significant inverse association. Such a significant inverse association was also seen for tree nut intake (pooled ES: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.78–0.96, P < 0.01, I2 = 15.8%; P = 0.28). Based on the dose-response analysis, a 5-g/d increase in total nut intake was associated with 3%, 6%, and 25% lower risks of overall, pancreatic, and colon cancers, respectively. In terms of cancer mortality, we found 13%, 18%, and 8% risk reductions with higher intakes of total nuts, tree nuts, and peanuts, respectively. In addition, a 5-g/d increase in total nut intake was associated with a 4% lower risk of cancer mortality. In conclusion, our findings support the protective association between total nut and tree nut intake and the risk of cancer and its mortality.

scholarly journals Tooth loss is associated with increased risk of esophageal cancer: evidence from a meta-analysis with dose-response analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi-Lin Chen ◽  
Xian-Tao Zeng ◽  
Zhi-Xiao Luo ◽  
Xiao-Li Duan ◽  
Jie Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk

scholarly journals Hyperhomocysteinemia and Ischemic Stroke: A Potential Dose-Response Association—A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

TH Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. e420-e437
Author(s):  
Marte Holmen ◽  
Anne-Mette Hvas ◽  
Johan F. H. Arendt
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Unique Identifier ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nonlinear Association

Abstract Background and Purpose Previous studies suggest an association between increased homocysteine (Hcy) and risk of ischemic stroke. Yet, it remains unknown whether a dose-response association exists between Hcy levels and risk of ischemic stroke. Methods Systematic literature searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria were studies investigating ischemic stroke risk in an adult population with measured Hcy levels. We computed odds ratios (ORs) for a 5 µmol/L increase in Hcy levels using a random effects meta-analysis. Results In total, 108 studies met the inclusion criteria of which 22 were rated as high-quality studies, and 20 studies included a dose-response analysis. Hcy levels were analyzed either as a continuous or categorical variable. The majority of the studies found an increased risk of ischemic stroke when comparing the highest-to-lowest Hcy strata. A graded association was observed over the Hcy strata, indicating a dose-response association, with the most apparent effect when Hcy levels exceeded approximately 15 µmol/L. No studies explored a potential nonlinear association between Hcy levels and ischemic stroke. Six studies were included in a meta-analysis, showing an OR of 1.43 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28–1.61) per 5 µmol/L increase in Hcy levels. Conclusion This review and meta-analysis indicate a dose-response association between Hcy levels and ischemic stroke. An evident increase in effect measures was observed when Hcy levels exceeded 15 µmol/L, indicating a nonlinear association between ischemic stroke and Hcy levels. This nonlinear association warrants further study.This study is registered with clinical trial ( https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ ; unique identifier: CRD42019130371).

Abdominal obesity and risk of CVD: a dose–response meta-analysis of thirty-one prospective studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ran Xue ◽  
Qianwen Li ◽  
Yaping Geng ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Fudi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This meta-analysis aimed to study the relationship between abdominal obesity and the risk of CVD by waist circumference (WC), waist:hip ratio (WHR) and waist:height ratio (WHtR). We systematically searched PubMed, Embase and Web of Science. Prospective studies that estimated cardiovascular events by WC, WHR and WHtR were included in this study. Pooled relative risks with 95 % CI were calculated using random effects models. A total of thirty-one studies were included in the meta-analysis, including 669 560 participants and 25 214 cases. Compared the highest with the lowest category of WC, WHR and WHtR, the summary risk ratios were 1·43 (95 % CI, 1·30, 1·56, P < 0·001), 1·43 (95 % CI, 1·33, 1·54, P < 0·001) and 1·57 (95 % CI, 1·37, 1·79, P < 0·001), respectively. The linear dose–response analysis revealed that the risk of CVD increased by 3·4 % for each 10 cm increase of WC, and by 3·5 and 6·0 % for each 0·1 unit increase of WHR and WHtR in women, respectively. In men, the risk of CVD increased by 4·0 % for each 10 cm increase of WC, and by 4·0 and 8·6 % for each 0·1 unit increase of WHR and WHtR, respectively. Collectively, abdominal obesity is associated with an increased risk of CVD. WC, WHR and WHtR are good indicators for the prediction of CVD.

scholarly journals Cancer mortality in patients with schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 211 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanjun Zhuo ◽  
Ran Tao ◽  
Ronghuan Jiang ◽  
Xiaodong Lin ◽  
Mingjing Shao
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Standardised Mortality Ratios ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

BackgroundPrevious studies have reported conflicting results on the association between schizophrenia and cancer mortality.AimsTo summarise available evidence and quantify the association between schizophrenia and cancer mortality using meta-analysis.MethodWe systematically searched literature in the PubMed and Embase databases. Risk estimates and 95% confidence intervals reported in individual studies were pooled using the DerSimonian–Laird random-effects model.ResultsWe included 19 studies in the meta-analysis. Among them, 15 studies reported standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) comparing patients with schizophrenia with the general population, and the pooled SMR was 1.40 (95% CI 1.29–1.52, P<0.001). The other four studies reported hazard ratios (HRs) comparing individuals with schizophrenia with those without schizophrenia; the pooled HR was 1.51 (95% CI 1.13–2.03, P = 0.006).ConclusionsPatients with schizophrenia are at a significantly increased risk of cancer mortality compared with the general population or individuals without schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Adult Diabetes Risk: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4410
Author(s):  
Sajjad Moradi ◽  
Mohammad ali Hojjati Kermani ◽  
Reza Bagheri ◽  
Hamed Mohammadi ◽  
Ahmad Jayedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Linear Dose ◽  
Increased Risk

(1) Background: Recent individual studies have demonstrated that consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF) may be related to type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to synthesize the results from these individual studies by conducting an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies evaluating the association between UPF consumption and the risk of T2DM. (2) Methods: A systematic search was conducted using ISI Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus electronic databases from inception up to August 2021. Data were extracted from five studies (one cross-sectional study and four cohort studies, totaling 230,526 adults from four different countries). Risk ratios (RR) of pooled results were estimated using a random-effects model. (3) Results: Our results revealed that higher UPF consumption was significantly associated with an increased risk of T2DM (RR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.36, 2.22; I2 = 68.9%; p < 0.001; n = 5). Linear dose-response analysis indicated that each 10% increase in UPF consumption (kcal/d) was associated with a 15% higher risk of T2DM (RR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.26; I2 = 86.0%; p < 0.001; n = 5) among adults. Non-linear dose-response analysis demonstrated a positive linear association between UPF consumption and T2DM (pnonlinearity = 0.13, pdose-response < 0.001; n = 5) among adults. (4) Conclusions: A higher intake of UPF was significantly associated with an increased risk of T2DM. However, underlying mechanisms remain unknown and future experimental studies are warranted.

scholarly journals Alcohol and the risk of pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. e022344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelia Simou ◽  
John Britton ◽  
Jo Leonardi-Bee
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Higher Alcohol ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Heterogeneity

ObjectiveA systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the magnitude of the association between alcohol consumption and the risk of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults was undertaken.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsComprehensive searches of Medline, Embase and Web of Science were carried out to identify comparative studies of the association between alcohol intake and CAP between 1985 and 2017. Reference lists were also screened. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate pooled effect sizes. A dose–response meta-analysis was also performed.ResultsWe found 17 papers eligible for inclusion in the review, of which 14 provided results which could be pooled. Meta-analysis of these 14 studies identified an 83% increased risk of CAP among people who consumed alcohol or in higher amounts, relative to those who consumed no or lower amounts of alcohol, respectively (relative risk=1.83, 95% CI 1.30 to 2.57). There was substantial between-study heterogeneity, which was attributable in part to differences in study continent, adjustment for confounders and pneumonia diagnosis (clinical vs death). Dose–response analysis found that for every 10–20 g higher alcohol intake per day, there was an 8% increase in the risk of CAP.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that alcohol consumption increases the risk of CAP. Therefore, strengthening policies to reduce alcohol intake would be likely to reduce the incidence of CAP.

scholarly journals Elevated Fasting Insulin Level Significantly Increases the Risk of Microalbuminuria

2014 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 210-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Hong Ryoo ◽  
Sung Keun Park ◽  
Ju Young Jung
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Level ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Fasting Insulin Level

scholarly journals The association between XRCC3 rs1799794 polymorphism and cancer risk: a meta-analysis of 34 case–control studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiqing Liu ◽  
Shumin Ma ◽  
Lei Liang ◽  
Zhiyong Kou ◽  
Hongbin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Abstract Background Studies on the XRCC3 rs1799794 polymorphism show that this polymorphism is involved in a variety of cancers, but its specific relationships or effects are not consistent. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the association between rs1799794 polymorphism and susceptibility to cancer. Methods PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for eligible studies through June 11, 2019. All analyses were performed with Stata 14.0. Subgroup analyses were performed by cancer type, ethnicity, source of control, and detection method. A total of 37 studies with 23,537 cases and 30,649 controls were included in this meta-analysis. Results XRCC3 rs1799794 increased cancer risk in the dominant model and heterozygous model (GG + AG vs. AA: odds ratio [OR] = 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00–1.08, P = 0.051; AG vs. AA: OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.00–1.01, P = 0.015). The existence of rs1799794 increased the risk of breast cancer and thyroid cancer, but reduced the risk of ovarian cancer. In addition, rs1799794 increased the risk of cancer in the Caucasian population. Conclusion This meta-analysis confirms that XRCC3 rs1799794 is related to cancer risk, especially increased risk for breast cancer and thyroid cancer and reduced risk for ovarian cancer. However, well-designed large-scale studies are required to further evaluate the results.

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