Tooth loss is associated with increased risk of esophageal cancer: evidence from a meta-analysis with dose-response analysis

Abstract Background and Purpose Previous studies suggest an association between increased homocysteine (Hcy) and risk of ischemic stroke. Yet, it remains unknown whether a dose-response association exists between Hcy levels and risk of ischemic stroke. Methods Systematic literature searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria were studies investigating ischemic stroke risk in an adult population with measured Hcy levels. We computed odds ratios (ORs) for a 5 µmol/L increase in Hcy levels using a random effects meta-analysis. Results In total, 108 studies met the inclusion criteria of which 22 were rated as high-quality studies, and 20 studies included a dose-response analysis. Hcy levels were analyzed either as a continuous or categorical variable. The majority of the studies found an increased risk of ischemic stroke when comparing the highest-to-lowest Hcy strata. A graded association was observed over the Hcy strata, indicating a dose-response association, with the most apparent effect when Hcy levels exceeded approximately 15 µmol/L. No studies explored a potential nonlinear association between Hcy levels and ischemic stroke. Six studies were included in a meta-analysis, showing an OR of 1.43 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28–1.61) per 5 µmol/L increase in Hcy levels. Conclusion This review and meta-analysis indicate a dose-response association between Hcy levels and ischemic stroke. An evident increase in effect measures was observed when Hcy levels exceeded 15 µmol/L, indicating a nonlinear association between ischemic stroke and Hcy levels. This nonlinear association warrants further study.This study is registered with clinical trial ( https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ ; unique identifier: CRD42019130371).

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Periodontal Disease and Tooth Loss Are Associated with Lung Cancer Risk

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/5107696 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

You Chen ◽

Bao-ling Zhu ◽

Cong-cong Wu ◽

Rui-fang Lin ◽

Xi Zhang

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Dose Response ◽

Tooth Loss ◽

Lung Cancer Risk ◽

Positive Association ◽

Response Analysis ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Lung Cancer Prevention

Background. The associations between periodontal disease, tooth loss, and lung cancer risk remain debatable. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to evaluate whether periodontal disease and tooth loss are associated with lung cancer risk. Methods. A literature search was performed for relevant studies using PubMed and Embase databases. Risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was applied as effect size to summarize the associations between periodontal disease, tooth loss, and lung cancer risk. A further dose-response analysis was also performed. Results. A total of twelve studies comprising 263,238 participants were included. The results indicated that periodontal disease was positively associated with lung cancer risk (RR=1.37, 95%CI=1.16‐1.63). There was a positive association between tooth loss and lung cancer risk (RR=1.69, 95%CI=1.46‐1.96). Moreover, there was a significantly linear dose-response relationship between tooth loss and lung cancer risk, and every 5 increment in tooth loss was associated with 10% increased lung cancer risk. Similar results were obtained in subgroup analysis. Conclusions. Periodontal disease and tooth loss are increased risk factors for lung cancer. Prevention and treatment of periodontal disease may be effective potential prevention strategies for lung cancer.

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Abdominal obesity and risk of CVD: a dose–response meta-analysis of thirty-one prospective studies

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114521000064 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Ran Xue ◽

Qianwen Li ◽

Yaping Geng ◽

Hao Wang ◽

Fudi Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Dose Response ◽

Prospective Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Response Analysis ◽

Random Effects Models ◽

Relative Risks ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Unit Increase ◽

The Relationship

Abstract This meta-analysis aimed to study the relationship between abdominal obesity and the risk of CVD by waist circumference (WC), waist:hip ratio (WHR) and waist:height ratio (WHtR). We systematically searched PubMed, Embase and Web of Science. Prospective studies that estimated cardiovascular events by WC, WHR and WHtR were included in this study. Pooled relative risks with 95 % CI were calculated using random effects models. A total of thirty-one studies were included in the meta-analysis, including 669 560 participants and 25 214 cases. Compared the highest with the lowest category of WC, WHR and WHtR, the summary risk ratios were 1·43 (95 % CI, 1·30, 1·56, P < 0·001), 1·43 (95 % CI, 1·33, 1·54, P < 0·001) and 1·57 (95 % CI, 1·37, 1·79, P < 0·001), respectively. The linear dose–response analysis revealed that the risk of CVD increased by 3·4 % for each 10 cm increase of WC, and by 3·5 and 6·0 % for each 0·1 unit increase of WHR and WHtR in women, respectively. In men, the risk of CVD increased by 4·0 % for each 10 cm increase of WC, and by 4·0 and 8·6 % for each 0·1 unit increase of WHR and WHtR, respectively. Collectively, abdominal obesity is associated with an increased risk of CVD. WC, WHR and WHtR are good indicators for the prediction of CVD.

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Fasting Insulin and Risk of Cancer Related Mortality in Non-diabetic Adults: A Dose-response Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies

Current Diabetes Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573399815666190906130544 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 357-363 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Matin Ghanavati ◽

Jamal Rahmani ◽

Giulia Rinaldi ◽

Hamid Zand

Keyword(s):

Dose Response ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Insulin Level ◽

Response Analysis ◽

Fasting Insulin ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Risk Of Cancer ◽

Fasting Insulin Level ◽

Related Mortality

Background: Insulin is known to have direct and indirect effects on cell cycle progression, proliferation and metastatic activities. We performed a dose-response meta-analysis to investigate the association between hyperinsulinemia and all-cause cancer related mortality. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted on MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases to include all published articles up to January 2019. Combined hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were estimated using DerSimonian and Laird random-effects models. A dose-response analysis was also conducted to further explore insulin’s relationship with cancer-related mortality. Results: We identified seven studies, with a total of 23,990 participants, who reported the association between hyperinsulinemia and cancer-related mortality. Results from the eligible studies indicated that higher fasting insulin levels were not associated with an increased risk of cancer mortality (pooled HR: 1.14, 95% CI: 0.99-1.32), however, significant heterogeneity was present (I2 = 60.3%, P heterogeneity = 0.001). A subgroup analysis based on gender demonstrated a significant association between fasting insulin level and cancer mortality in men (pooled HR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.23-3.01, P heterogeneity = 0.281). Conclusion: This dose-response meta-analysis showed a direct significant association between fasting insulin level and cancer mortality in men.

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Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Adult Diabetes Risk: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13124410 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 4410

Author(s):

Sajjad Moradi ◽

Mohammad ali Hojjati Kermani ◽

Reza Bagheri ◽

Hamed Mohammadi ◽

Ahmad Jayedi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Dose Response ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Response Analysis ◽

Processed Food ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Linear Dose ◽

Increased Risk

(1) Background: Recent individual studies have demonstrated that consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF) may be related to type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to synthesize the results from these individual studies by conducting an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies evaluating the association between UPF consumption and the risk of T2DM. (2) Methods: A systematic search was conducted using ISI Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus electronic databases from inception up to August 2021. Data were extracted from five studies (one cross-sectional study and four cohort studies, totaling 230,526 adults from four different countries). Risk ratios (RR) of pooled results were estimated using a random-effects model. (3) Results: Our results revealed that higher UPF consumption was significantly associated with an increased risk of T2DM (RR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.36, 2.22; I2 = 68.9%; p < 0.001; n = 5). Linear dose-response analysis indicated that each 10% increase in UPF consumption (kcal/d) was associated with a 15% higher risk of T2DM (RR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.26; I2 = 86.0%; p < 0.001; n = 5) among adults. Non-linear dose-response analysis demonstrated a positive linear association between UPF consumption and T2DM (pnonlinearity = 0.13, pdose-response < 0.001; n = 5) among adults. (4) Conclusions: A higher intake of UPF was significantly associated with an increased risk of T2DM. However, underlying mechanisms remain unknown and future experimental studies are warranted.

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Alcohol and the risk of pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022344 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. e022344 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Evangelia Simou ◽

John Britton ◽

Jo Leonardi-Bee

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Dose Response ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽

Response Analysis ◽

Higher Alcohol ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Study Heterogeneity

ObjectiveA systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the magnitude of the association between alcohol consumption and the risk of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults was undertaken.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsComprehensive searches of Medline, Embase and Web of Science were carried out to identify comparative studies of the association between alcohol intake and CAP between 1985 and 2017. Reference lists were also screened. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate pooled effect sizes. A dose–response meta-analysis was also performed.ResultsWe found 17 papers eligible for inclusion in the review, of which 14 provided results which could be pooled. Meta-analysis of these 14 studies identified an 83% increased risk of CAP among people who consumed alcohol or in higher amounts, relative to those who consumed no or lower amounts of alcohol, respectively (relative risk=1.83, 95% CI 1.30 to 2.57). There was substantial between-study heterogeneity, which was attributable in part to differences in study continent, adjustment for confounders and pneumonia diagnosis (clinical vs death). Dose–response analysis found that for every 10–20 g higher alcohol intake per day, there was an 8% increase in the risk of CAP.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that alcohol consumption increases the risk of CAP. Therefore, strengthening policies to reduce alcohol intake would be likely to reduce the incidence of CAP.

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A Dose–Response Meta-Analysis Between Maternal Fish Oil Supplement And Risk of Asthma/Wheeze In Offspring

10.21203/rs.3.rs-732483/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yin Jia ◽

Yafang Huang ◽

Huili Wang ◽

Haili Jiang

Keyword(s):

Fish Oil ◽

Allergic Asthma ◽

Dose Response ◽

Childhood Asthma ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Response Analysis ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Maternal Supplementation ◽

The Cochrane Library

Abstract Background: Prenatal exposure to omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) present in oily fish may prevent asthma or wheeze in childhood.Objective: By limiting this systematic review to fish oil intervention that commenced in the gestational period, we aim to find more clear evidences about the relationship between supplement with fish oil during pregnancy and the risk of asthma/wheeze in offspring, and to improve the life satisfaction of children who suffered asthma.Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the following database: PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, the Cochrane library, and Embase up to February 2021. Two reviewers independently selected studies, extracted data of the characteristics, and assessed risk of bias. Eight randomized controlled trials totaling 3,037 mother-infant pairs were analyzed in the end. “Allergic asthma” and “asthma and/or wheeze” were assessed in our meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were conducted. Dose–response data was examined using the robust-error meta-regression method.Results: This meta-analysis showed that n-3 PUFA during pregnancy did not significantly reduce the risk of asthma/wheeze (RR 0.93; 95% CI 0.82 to1.04, p=0.21) and allergic asthma (RR 0.66, 95% CI 0.24 to 1.86, p=0.44). Subgroup analyses revealed that the risk of childhood asthma/wheeze was significantly decreased: (1) in Europe (RR 0.69; 95% CI 0.53 to 0.89), (2) when the dose was ≥1200 mg/d (RR 0.69; 95% CI 0.55 to 0.88), (3) when supplementation started after gestational age 22 (RR 0.65; 95%CI 0.50 to 0.85), (4) when supplementation was from pregnancy to lactation (RR 0.69; 95% CI 0.51 to 0.95). Furthermore, the linear dose–response analysis showed that when maternal supplementation of n-3 PUFA increased by 100mg/d, the risk of asthma/wheeze was reduced by 2%.Conclusions: Although perinatal replenishment of n-3 PUFA did not prevent allergic disease in offspring, under some conditions, it could reduce the incidence of asthma/wheeze and allergic asthma in children, and the higher the dose, the better the protective effect it has. Additional research is needed to confirm the hypothesis of a link between n-3 PUFA intake and prevention of childhood asthma/wheeze.

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An Evidence Base for School Health Policy during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Health Behavior and Policy Review ◽

10.14485/hbpr.8.1.4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Saif Badran ◽

Omran Musa ◽

Somaya Al-maadeed ◽

Egon Toft ◽

Suhail Doi

Keyword(s):

Dose Response ◽

Case Fatality Rate ◽

School Health ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Response Analysis ◽

Fatality Rate ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

Objective: Children represent a small fraction of confirmed COVID-19 cases, with a low case fatality rate (CFR). In this paper, we lay out an evidence-based policy for reopening schools. Methods: We gathered age-specific COVID-19 case counts and identified mortality data for 14 countries. Dose-response meta-analysis was used to examine the relationship of the incremental case fatality rate (CFR) to age. In addition, an evidence-to-decision framework (EtD) was used to correlate the dose-response data with other epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in childhood. Results: In the dose-response analysis, we found that there was an almost negligible fatality below age 18. CFR rose little between ages 5 to 50 years. The confidence intervals were narrow, suggesting relative homogeneity across countries. Further data suggested decreased childhood transmission from respiratory droplets and a low viral load among children. Conclusions: Opening up schools and kindergartens is unlikely to impact COVID-19 case or mortality rates in both the child and adult populations. We outline a robust plan for schools that recommends that general principles not be micromanaged, with authority left to schools and monitored by public health authorities.

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Abdominal obesity and gastroesophageal cancer risk: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

Bioscience Reports ◽

10.1042/bsr20160474 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Xuan Du ◽

Khemayanto Hidayat ◽

Bi-Min Shi

Keyword(s):

Esophageal Cancer ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Random Effect ◽

Random Effect Model ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Gastric Cardia Adenocarcinoma ◽

Gastroesophageal Cancer ◽

Relative Risks ◽

Increased Risk

To systematically and quantitatively review the relation of abdominal obesity, as measured by waist circumference (WC) and waist to hip ratio (WHR), to total gastroesophageal cancer, gastric cancer (GC), and esophageal cancer. PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for studies assessing the association between abdominal obesity and gastroesophageal cancer (GC and/or esophageal cancer) up to August 2016. A random-effect model was used to calculate the summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Seven prospective cohort studies – one publication included two separate cohorts – from six publications were included in the final analysis. A total of 2130 gastroesophageal cancer cases diagnosed amongst 913182 participants. Higher WC and WHR were significantly associated with increased risk of total gastroesophageal cancer (WC: RR 1.68, 95% CI: 1.38, 2.04; WHR: RR 1.49, 95% CI: 1.19, 1.88), GC (WC: RR 1.48, 95% CI: 1.24, 1.78; WHR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.70), and esophageal cancer (WC: RR 2.06, 95% CI: 1.30, 3.24; WHR: RR 1.99, 95% CI: 1.05, 3.75).Findings from our subgroup analyses showed non-significant positive associations between gastric non-cardia adenocarcinoma (GNCA) and both measures of abdominal adiposity, while gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) was positively associated with WC but not with WHR. On analysis restricted to studies that adjusted for body mass index (BMI), WC was positively associated with GC and esophageal cancer, whereas WHR was positively associated with risk of GC only. Although limited, the findings from our meta-analysis suggest the potential role of abdominal obesity in the etiology of gastric and esophageal cancers.

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Age at Menopause and Risk of Developing Endometrial Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/8584130 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Yanjun Wu ◽

Wenjun Sun ◽

Hui Liu ◽

Dongfeng Zhang

Keyword(s):

Endometrial Cancer ◽

Dose Response ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Positive Association ◽

Response Analysis ◽

Age At Menopause ◽

Relative Risks ◽

Knowledge Infrastructure ◽

Study Heterogeneity ◽

Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure

Object. The association of age at menopause with endometrial cancer remains controversial. Therefore, we quantitatively summarized the evidence from observational studies with a meta-analysis. Methods. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Medline, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wan Fang Med online up to March 2019, and all eligible case-control and cohort studies were included in the study. Pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the random-effects model. The dose-response relationship was assessed by restricted cubic spline model. The heterogeneity among studies was evaluated by I2. Metaregression was used to explore the potential sources of between-study heterogeneity. Egger’s test was used to estimate publication bias. Results. Eighteen articles including 957242 subjects with 4781 cases were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled RR (95%CI) of endometrial cancer for the highest versus the lowest age at menopause was 1.89 (95%CI: 1.58-2.26). For dose-response analysis, a nonlinear relationship was found between age at menopause and endometrial cancer, and the positive association became statistically significant when age at menopause was greater than 46.5 years old. Conclusions. This meta-analysis suggested that age at menopause was positively associated with endometrial cancer. For women whose menopausal age over 46.5 years old, the risk of endometrial cancer increased with the age at menopause.

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