Nanophotocatalysis for the Removal of Pharmaceutical Residues from Water Bodies: State of Art and Recent Trends

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mekha Susan Rajan ◽  
Anju John ◽  
Jesty Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Rational Design ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Optical And Electronic Properties ◽  
Terrestrial Life ◽  
Hospital Wastes ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Nanosized Tio2

Background: The occurrence of pharmaceuticals in surface and drinking water is ubiquitous and is a major concern of researchers. These compounds cause a destructive impact on aquatic and terrestrial life forms and the removal of these compounds from the environment is a challenging issue. Existent conventional wastewater treatment processes are generally inefficacious because of their low degradation efficiency and inadequate techniques associated with the disposal of adsorbed pollutants during comparatively effective methods like the adsorption process. Remediation method: Semiconductor mediated photocatalysis is an attractive technology for the efficient removal of pharmaceutical compounds. Among various semiconductors, TiO2 and ZnO based photocatalysts gained much interest during the last years because of their efficiency in decomposing and mineralizing the lethal organic pollutants with the utilization of UV-visible light. Incessant efforts are being undertaken for tuning the physicochemical, optical and electronic properties of these photocatalysts to strengthen their overall photocatalytic performance with good recycling efficiency. Results: This review attempts to showcase the recent progress in the rational design and fabrication of nanosized TiO2 and ZnO photocatalysts for the removal of pollutants derived from the pharmaceutical industry and hospital wastes. Conclusion: Photocatalysis involving TiO2 and ZnO provides a positive impact on pollution management and could be successfully applied to remove pharmaceuticals from wastewater streams. Structure modifications, introduction of heteroatoms and integration of polymers with these nanophotocatalysts offer leapfrogging opportunities for broader applications in the field of photocatalysis.

Reductive Dehalogenation – Challenges of Perfluorinated Organics

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Kisała ◽  
Jakub Goclon ◽  
Dariusz Pogocki
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Chemical Stability ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Reductive Dehalogenation ◽  
Emission Characteristic ◽  
Organic Micropollutants ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Physical Principles

: In this mini-review, the problem of effective elimination of perfluorinated organic micropollutants from aquatic environment has been touched. The extraordinary chemical stability of common perfluorinated organic surfactants results in unsatisfactory efficiency of conventional treatment processes, which opens perspectives for photocatalytic methods - especially for reductive-dehalogenation. To tackle this challenge by photocatalysis one have to be aware of objective, physical limits set by very nature of the reduction process, electronic structure chemical stability, and formulation of the catalyst as well as emission characteristic of the light source. The paper provides some clues for rational design of reductive-dehalogenation oriented photolytic systems, which are derived on the basis of physical principles, and, rather sparse, experimental examples.

Effect of carburizing and annealing processes in improving the Ni/WC–Co adhesion strength

2017 ◽  
Vol 232 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
AW Hassan ◽  
MY Noordin ◽  
S Izman ◽  
K Denni
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Process Condition ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Field Emission Electron Microscopy

Heat treatment processes have a positive impact in improving the adhesion strength of different interlayer/substrate materials. However, information regarding the effect of these processes in enhancing the adhesion strength of an electroplated nickel interlayer on tungsten carbide substrate for diamond deposition is lacking. In this study, the effect of carburizing and annealing process conditions in enhancing the adhesion strength of the electroplated nickel interlayer was investigated. The heat treatment processes were designed and modeled by the design of experiments technique. The heat-treated specimens were characterized by the field-emission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques. The adhesion of the interlayer before and after the heat treatment was assessed by the scratch test. The results show that the adhesion of the electroplated nickel interlayer was remarkably improved by both processes. The mathematical models for predicting the adhesion strength of the carburized and annealed nickel interlayer within the specified ranges were developed. The maximum adhesion strength of 30 N was obtained from the nickel interlayer annealed at the highest process condition of temperature and time.

Rational design of light induced self healed Fe based oxygen vacancy rich CeO2 (CeO2NS–FeOOH/Fe2O3) nanostructure materials for photocatalytic water oxidation and Cr(vi) reduction

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (24) ◽  
pp. 11377-11389 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sultana ◽  
S. Mansingh ◽  
K. M. Parida
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Vacancy ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Charge Separation ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Nanostructure Materials ◽  
Charge Separation Efficiency ◽  
Uv Visible

Self regenerating oxygen vacancy rich CeO2NS–FeOOH/Fe2O3 hybrids are optimized and show superior charge separation efficiency both in visible and UV-visible light.

Review on modified N–TiO2 for green energy applications under UV/visible light: selected results and reaction mechanisms

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (54) ◽  
pp. 28265-28299 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Gomathi Devi ◽  
R. Kavitha
Keyword(s):  
Band Structure ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Electronic Properties ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Structure Morphology ◽  
Optical And Electronic Properties ◽  
Activity Band ◽  
Uv Visible

Modifications of the activity, band structure, morphology, optical and electronic properties of N–TiO2 for energy and environmental applications.

scholarly journals Recent advances in the rational synthesis and self-assembly of anisotropic plasmonic nanoparticles

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 1393-1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Scarabelli
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Cascade Reactions ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Plasmonic Materials ◽  
Optical And Electronic Properties ◽  
Complex Architectures ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Surface Chemistries

Abstract The field of plasmonics has grown at an incredible pace in the last couple of decades, and the synthesis and self-assembly of anisotropic plasmonic materials remains highly dynamic. The engineering of nanoparticle optical and electronic properties has resulted in important consequences for several scientific fields, including energy, medicine, biosensing, and electronics. However, the full potential of plasmonics has not yet been realized due to crucial challenges that remain in the field. In particular, the development of nanoparticles with new plasmonic properties and surface chemistries could enable the rational design of more complex architectures capable of performing advanced functions, like cascade reactions, energy conversion, or signal transduction. The scope of this short review is to highlight the most recent developments in the synthesis and self-assembly of anisotropic metal nanoparticles, which are capable of bringing forward the next generation of plasmonic materials.

scholarly journals The Principles of Life

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Flux ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Chemical Systems ◽  
Terrestrial Life ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Doors

The questions of what life is and how it first started have for a long-time daunted science. Our rather small understanding of what living systems are is demonstrated by the inexistence of a widely accepted chemical definition of them. This work intends to solve this long-lasting problem by laying such a definition as well as the principles that have governed living systems since their inception up to their extant forms. Here I show that living entities are productive chemical systems that bias their own formation. It will be shown that these two aspects inevitably lead to a selection by the highest replicative metabolic flux, explaining all the characteristics of extant living systems, where the strength of the biasing effect can be considered the main difference between life now, and at its origin. By building a narrative on how such a journey may have taken place, this work intends to provide the theoretical framework and experimental inspiration for a complete understanding of evolution, simultaneously creating new avenues to the search for extra-terrestrial life forms and opening the doors to the development of living technologies.

scholarly journals Recent Trends in Digital Marketing to Develop the Marketing Strategies for Every Marketer

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
U. Y. Memon ◽  
Yogesh Khandre
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Digital Marketing ◽  
World Today ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
The Right

The overall marketing situation is rapidly converting over the last few years. With this modification it has a positive impact on the developing economies. Moreover this has led to high general of living, excessive in step with capita income and thereby contributing to the economic development. It is now not a seller’s market and over the years, it has emerge as one of the largest customer markets within the world. Today, the market for the developing economies is based totally on the right competition principle with the presence of both buyers and sellers. Therefore purpose of this paper is, first, to review and recognize standards of digital marketing secondly, to speak about various present day developments in digital advertising and marketing and, lastly, to talk about and summarize the destiny of digital advertising and marketing.

Directed exospermia: I. Biological modes of resistance to UV light are implied through absorption spectroscopy of DNA and potential UV screens

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreja Zalar ◽  
David Tepfer ◽  
Søren V. Hoffmann ◽  
John M. Kenney ◽  
Sydney Leach
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Uv Absorption ◽  
Dna Protection ◽  
Current Role ◽  
Terrestrial Life ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Uv Absorption Spectrum

AbstractPanspermia, the dissemination of life through space, would require resistance to the conditions found in space, including UV light. All known life forms depend on DNA to store information. In an effort to understand the liabilities of DNA to UV light and modes of DNA protection in terrestrial life forms, we established UV–VUV (125–340 nm) absorption spectra for dry DNA and its polymerized components and mononucleotides, as well as for a selection of potential UV screens ubiquitous in all organisms, including proteins, selected amino acids and amines (polyamines and tyramine). Montmorillonite clay was included as a potential abiotic UV screen. Among the potential screens tested, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) appeared to be particularly attractive, because its UV absorption spectrum was similar to that of DNA. We suggest that the use of ATP in UV protection could have pre-dated its current role in energy transfer. Spectroscopy also showed that UV absorption varied according to nucleotide content, suggesting that base pair usage could be a factor in adaptation to given UV environments and the availability of UV screens.

Evolutionary exobiology: towards the qualitative assessment of biological potential on exoplanets

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Stevenson ◽  
Sean Large
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Basic Set ◽  
Terrestrial Life ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractA planet may be defined as habitable if it has an atmosphere and is warm enough to support the existence of liquid water on its surface. Such a world has the basic set of conditions that allow it to develop life similar to ours, which is carbon-based and has water as its universal solvent. While this definition is suitably vague to allow a fairly broad range of possibilities, it does not address the question as to whether any life that does form will become either complex or intelligent. In this paper, we seek to synthesize a qualitative definition of which subset of these ‘habitable worlds’ might develop more complex and interesting life forms. We identify two key principles in determining the capacity of life to breach certain transitions on route to developing intelligence. The first is the number of potential niches a planet provides. Secondly, the complexity of life will reflect the information density of its environment, which in turn can be approximated by the number of available niches. We seek to use these criteria to begin the process of placing the evolution of terrestrial life in a mathematical framework based on environmental information content. This is currently testable on Earth and will have clear application to the worlds that we are only beginning to discover. Our model links the development of complex life to the physical properties of the planet, something which is currently lacking in all evolutionary theory.

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