Use of Synbiotics for Ulcerative Colitis Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Roselli ◽  
Alberto Finamore
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
System A ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Ulcerative Colitis Treatment ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel diseases, namely Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are currently considered multifactorial pathologies in which various combined environmental factors act on genetic background, giving rise to chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Ulcerative colitis is an inflammation of the colon caused by a dysregulated immune response to host intestinal microbiota in genetically susceptible subjects. Ulcerative colitis has a strong impact on patients' quality of life, as well as high costs for the health-care system. A great interest on the role of intestinal microbiota modulation in ulcerative colitis is emerging. Several studies have shown an improvement of inflammatory markers and symptoms in ulcerative colitis patients through treatments with probiotics and prebiotics separately. Despite the low number of studies on the treatment of ulcerative colitis by specific strains of probiotics plus selected prebiotics, i.e. synbiotics, the results are promising, even if discordant. The mechanism of action in synbiotics supplementation is still unclear and needs more investigation, although there is a large number of data indicating that the synergism between probiotics and prebiotics favours the survival and implantation of probiotics into the gastrointestinal tract with beneficial effects on human health by modulating the inflammatory response and gut microbiota composition. The aim of this minireview is to describe the main in vitro, animal and human studies performed up to now, that have used synbiotics to treat ulcerative colitis, and to highlight limitations and future perspectives.

Protective effects of a novel probiotic strain, Lactococcus lactis ML2018, in colitis: in vivo and in vitro evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1132-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meiling Liu ◽  
Xiuxia Zhang ◽  
Yunpeng Hao ◽  
Jinhua Ding ◽  
Jing Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lactococcus Lactis ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Probiotic Strain ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Multiple articles have confirmed that an imbalance of the intestinal microbiota is closely related to aberrant immune responses of the intestines and to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs).

scholarly journals Intestinal Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Terpenes in Experimental Models (2010–2020): A Review

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 5430
Author(s):  
Maria Elaine Araruna ◽  
Catarina Serafim ◽  
Edvaldo Alves Júnior ◽  
Clelia Hiruma-Lima ◽  
Margareth Diniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) refer to a group of disorders characterized by inflammation in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, which mainly comprises Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). IBDs are characterized by inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, are highly debilitating, and are without a definitive cure. Their pathogenesis has not yet been fully elucidated; however, it is assumed that genetic, immunological, and environmental factors are involved. People affected by IBDs have relapses, and therapeutic regimens are not always able to keep symptoms in remission over the long term. Natural products emerge as an alternative for the development of new drugs; bioactive compounds are promising in the treatment of several disorders, among them those that affect the gastrointestinal tract, due to their wide structural diversity and biological activities. This review compiles 12 terpenes with intestinal anti-inflammatory activity evaluated in animal models and in vitro studies. The therapeutic approach to IBDs using terpenes acts basically to prevent oxidative stress, combat dysbiosis, restore intestinal permeability, and improve the inflammation process in different signaling pathways.

scholarly journals Diagnostic potential of endoscopic ultrasound for inflammatory bowel diseases and their complications

2021 ◽  
pp. 176-184
Author(s):  
A. A. Budzinskaya ◽  
E. A. Belousova ◽  
S. G. Tereshchenko ◽  
E. F. Akhmedova
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Endoscopic Ultrasound ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
The World ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which is a term for two conditions (ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease), are chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract that are the subject of many studies and much discussion around the world. The global prevalence of IBD is 20.4 per 100 thousand for ulcerative colitis and 3.7 per 100 thousand for Crohn’s disease. Every year the number of patients is increasing, which may indicate improvement in diagnosis of IBD, but at the same time demonstrates certain disadvantages and difficulties in the diagnosis and treatment of this group of patients. However, despite the fact that IBD has been exercising the minds of scientists around the world for many decades, many issues of diagnosis and treatment of this pathology appear relevant. Due to the paucisymptomatic condition of patients at early stages and the similarity of its symptoms with other gastroenterological diseases, the diagnosis of IBD involves certain difficulties in many cases. Advanced forms of the disease, as well as complications of IBD, result from late diagnosis. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS, endo-ultrasound), which includes endoscopic and ultrasound examinations, is a modern imaging technique for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases. The article discusses various international and Russian studies on the use of EUS in various pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract. Despite the absence of EUS in the formal guidelines for IBD, the technique appears promising for diagnosis, differential diagnosis of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, as well as complications of these diseases, such as primary sclerosing cholangitis, chronic and autoimmune pancreatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, pancreatic cancer, etc. 

scholarly journals Gut Microbial Flora, Prebiotics, and Probiotics in IBD: Their Current Usage and Utility

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Scaldaferri ◽  
Viviana Gerardi ◽  
Loris Riccardo Lopetuso ◽  
Fabio Del Zompo ◽  
Francesca Mangiola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Current Usage ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel diseases are chronic diseases affecting the gastrointestinal tract, whose major forms are represented by Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Their etiology is still unclear, although several factors have been identified as major determinants for induction or relapses. Among these, the role of the “forgotten organ”, gut microbiota, has become more appreciated in recent years. The delicate symbiotic relationship between the gut microbiota and the host appears to be lost in IBD. In this perspective, several studies have been conducted to assess the role of prebiotics and probiotics in gut microbiota modulation. This is a minireview aimed to address in an easy format (simple questions-simple answers) some common issues about the theme. An update on the role of selected constituents of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of IBD is presented together with the analysis of the efficacy of gut microbiota modulation by prebiotics and probiotics administration in the management of IBD.

scholarly journals The Effect of 5-Aminosalicylic Acid on Intestinal Microbiota

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Vanda Sargautiene ◽  
Renāte Ligere ◽  
Ineta Kalniņa ◽  
Ida Jākobsone ◽  
Vizma Nikolajeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Aminosalicylic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Viability ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

AbstractThe article discusses the possible relationships between intestinal microbiota and the therapeutic efficacy of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) in inflammatory bowel diseases. Intestinal microbiota may be involved in 5-ASA enzymatic biotransformation, but the metabolism of drugs by the intestinal microbiota has been studied in less detail, and little is known about the relationships between anti-inflammatory efficacy of 5-ASA with bacterial viability, quantity and activity. It remains unclear whether 5-ASA affects the microbiota depending on the different segments of gastrointestinal tract. Drugs and diet can both improve and worsen the composition of the intestinal microbiota. However, it is not known whether drugs affect the intestinal microbiota regardless of diet. Further research is needed to answer these questions.

scholarly journals P690 Changes of intestinal microbiota in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S607-S607
Author(s):  
N Baryshnikova ◽  
Y Uspenskiy ◽  
M Suvorova ◽  
V Lyudyno ◽  
A Suvorov
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp

Abstract Background Normal microbiota is one of the main topic controling normal function of human organism. Microbiota changes and dysbiosis are the important factors in the pathogenesis of different digestive diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The aim: estimation the intestinal microbiota changes in patients with IBD. Methods We investigated fecal samples to determine features of intestinal microbiota in 17 patients with IBD in acute phase of diseases: 10 patients with ulcerative colitis and 7 patient with Crohn’s disease, four patients received therapy with immunodiological agents. For feces analysis we used real-time polymerase chain reaction with fluorescent detection. Statistical processing was performed using the SPSS8.0 software package. Results 100% of patients showed some changes in gut microbiota. These disorders were different in patients but no any significant changes in ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease patients. We saw the most frequent and significant changes: 1. decrease of Lactobacillus spp. level was determined in 59% of those examined 2. increase of Bifidobacterium spp. level was determined in 47% of patients 3. changing of the ratio of Bacteroides spp./Faecalibacterium prausnitzii towards increase of Bacteroides - in 24% of patients 4. frequency of occurrence of C. difficile was 24% of patients 5. frequency of occurrence of Candida spp. was in 35% of patients. In a number of patients, increased growth of opportunistic bacteria was detected: Proteus vulgaris/mirabilis - 24%, Citrobacter spp. - 29%, Enterobacter spp. - 12%. Microboal indirect microbial markers of colon oncopathology Fusobacterium nucleatum was identified in 18% and Parvimonas micra - in 24%. F. nucleatum and P. micra have higher frequency in patient who received immimmunodiological agents. Conclusion Patients with IBD show a downward trend in Lactobacillus spp. and increasing Bifidobacterium spp., whereby lacto-containing probiotics may be recommended for such patients and Bifidobacteria-containing probiotic may be not recommended. There is also a relatively high incidence of F. nucleatum and P. micra in IBD patients, which dictates the need for dispensary surveillance of these patients not only for the purpose of controlling the onset and maintenance of remission, but also for the purpose of early detection of colorectal cancer and IBD-associated malignancies.

scholarly journals A nadA mutation confers nicotinic acid auxotrophy in pro-carcinogenic intestinal Escherichia coli NC101

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lacey R. Lopez ◽  
Cassandra J. Barlogio ◽  
Christopher A. Broberg ◽  
Jeremy Wang ◽  
Janelle C. Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

AbstractInflammatory bowel diseases and inflammation-associated colorectal cancer are linked to blooms of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) in the intestinal microbiota. AIEC are functionally defined by their ability to adhere/invade epithelial cells and survive/replicate within macrophages. Changes in micronutrient availability can alter AIEC physiology and interactions with host cells. Thus, culturing AIEC for mechanistic investigations often involves precise nutrient formulation. We observed that the pro-inflammatory and pro-carcinogenic AIEC strain NC101 failed to grow in minimal media (MM). We hypothesized that NC101 was unable to synthesize a vital micronutrient normally found in the host gut. Through nutrient supplementation studies, we identified that NC101 is a nicotinic acid (NA) auxotroph. NA auxotrophy was not observed in the other non-toxigenic E. coli or AIEC strains we tested. Sequencing revealed NC101 has a missense mutation in nadA, a gene encoding quinolinate synthase A that is important for de novo NAD biosynthesis. Correcting the identified nadA point mutation restored NC101 prototrophy without impacting AIEC function, including motility and AIEC-defining survival in macrophages. Our findings, along with the generation of a prototrophic NC101 strain, will greatly enhance the ability to perform in vitro functional studies that are needed for mechanistic investigations on the role of intestinal E. coli in digestive disease.ImportanceInflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) are significant global health concerns that are influenced by gut resident microbes, like adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC). Nutrient availability influences specialized metabolite production, AIEC-defining functional attributes, and AIEC:host interactions. NC101 is a pro-inflammatory and pro-carcinogenic AIEC strain commonly used for studies on IBD and CRC. We identified that NC101 growth in vitro requires a micronutrient found in the host gut. By correcting an identified mutation, we generated an NC101 strain that no longer has micronutrient restrictions. Our findings will facilitate future research that necessitates precise nutrient manipulation, enhancing AIEC functional studies and investigations on other auxotrophic intestinal microbiota members. Broadly, this will improve the study of bacterial:host interactions impacting health and disease.

scholarly journals Quercetin Exposure Suppresses the Inflammatory Pathway in Intestinal Organoids from Winnie Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 5771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Dicarlo ◽  
Gabriella Teti ◽  
Giulio Verna ◽  
Marina Liso ◽  
Elisabetta Cavalcanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Intestinal Organoids ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Chronic Intestinal Inflammation

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic and relapsing immune disorders that result, or possibly originate, from epithelial barrier defects. Intestinal organoids are a new reliable tool to investigate epithelial response in models of chronic inflammation. We produced organoids from the ulcerative colitis murine model Winnie to explore if the chronic inflammatory features observed in the parental intestine were preserved by the organoids. Furthermore, we investigated if quercetin administration to in vitro cultured organoids could suppress LPS-induced inflammation in wild-type organoids (WT-organoids) and spontaneous inflammation in ulcerative colitis organoids (UC-organoids). Our data demonstrate that small intestinal organoids obtained from Winnie mice retain the chronic intestinal inflammatory features characteristic of the parental tissue. Quercetin administration was able to suppress inflammation both in UC-organoids and in LPS-treated WT-organoids. Altogether, our data demonstrate that UC-organoids are a reliable experimental system for investigating chronic intestinal inflammation and pharmacological responses.

Practical Considerations and the Intestinal Microbiome in Disease: Antibiotics for IBD Therapy

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 112-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard N. Fedorak ◽  
Kathleen P. Ismond
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Systemic Effect ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Literature Evidence ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The inflammatory bowel diseases, Crohn's and ulcerative colitis, have been treated with a range of antibiotics for inducing and maintaining remission, as well as the prevention of post-operative symptoms. To date, many studies have been performed assessing the efficacy of antibiotics when used alone, in combination with other antibiotics, or as an adjunctive therapy to other pharmaceutical treatments. Literature evidence supporting the use of antibiotics in IBD can be ambiguous, especially when considering the potential role of dysbiosis in the gastrointestinal tract. The review considers the systemic effect of antibiotics and the evidence base for their efficacy in the treatment of IBD.

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