Review on Preclinical and Clinical Evidence of Food (Beverages, Fruits and Vegetables) and Drug Interactions: Mechanism and Safety

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogesh C. Yadav ◽  
Kamla Pathak ◽  
Devender Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interaction ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Therapeutic Response ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Interaction Mechanism ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Dietary Habit

Background:The therapeutic potency and efficacy of drugs can be affected by a patient’s dietary habit. The food composition and their nutritional value interact with drugs that lead to alteration of the therapeutic response of drugs in patients.Objective:This present review is an attempt to illustrate clinical reports of food-drug interaction. Further, it also highlights specific interaction mechanism(s) and the safety thereof.Methods:Through the search engine “Scopus”; literature on recent advances in food and drug interactions includes almost all therapeutic categories such as antimicrobials, antiviral, antifungal, antihistamines, anticoagulants, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and drugs acting on the central nervous system and cardiovascular system.Results:Preclinical and clinical studies that have been conducted by various researchers affirm significant drug-food interactions across the various therapeutic categories of drugs. Preclinical studies have documented the effects of food, milk products, alcohols, fruit and vegetables on the drug absorption, metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters. The clinical studies on fruits/vegetables and drugs interactions report significant alteration in therapeutic response.Conclusion:Based on the preclinical and clinical reports, it can be concluded that the interaction of food with drug(s) significantly alters their therapeutic potential. The inputs from clinical practitioners to elucidate potential risk of food-drug interaction need to be intensified in order to prevent adverse clinical consequences.

scholarly journals Herb–Drug Interactions: Worlds Intersect with the Patient at the Center

Medicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Mary Beth Babos ◽  
Michelle Heinan ◽  
Linda Redmond ◽  
Fareeha Moiz ◽  
Joao Victor Souza-Peres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interaction ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Drug Information ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Full Information ◽  
Information Need ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Reduce Risk

This review examines three bodies of literature related to herb–drug interactions: case reports, clinical studies, evaluations found in six drug interaction checking resources. The aim of the study is to examine the congruity of resources and to assess the degree to which case reports signal for further study. A qualitative review of case reports seeks to determine needs and perspectives of case report authors. Methods: Systematic search of Medline identified clinical studies and case reports of interacting herb–drug combinations. Interacting herb–drug pairs were searched in six drug interaction resources. Case reports were analyzed qualitatively for completeness and to identify underlying themes. Results: Ninety-nine case-report documents detailed 107 cases. Sixty-five clinical studies evaluated 93 mechanisms of interaction relevant to herbs reported in case studies, involving 30 different herbal products; 52.7% of these investigations offered evidence supporting reported reactions. Cohen’s kappa found no agreement between any interaction checker and case report corpus. Case reports often lacked full information. Need for further information, attitudes about herbs and herb use, and strategies to reduce risk from interaction were three primary themes in the case report corpus. Conclusions: Reliable herb–drug information is needed, including open and respectful discussion with patients.

Potential Drug Interactions— Fact or Fallacy?

1975 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 586-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis D. Black ◽  
Nicholas G. Popovich
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interaction ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Potential Drug ◽  
Careful Evaluation ◽  
Current Drug ◽  
Drug Drug Interaction

At present, the pharmacist is faced with a perplexing number of potential drug interactions as they relate to patient care. The purpose of the investigation was to evaluate current drug-drug interaction literature, specifically gastrointestinal drug interactions. Literature search and review evaluated the authoritative basis on which conclusions were made. From this, a review was written to illustrate fallacies and misconceptions that could be derived from the literature with the intent it would serve as a guide in interpreting and evaluating drug-drug interactions. The overall study illustrates the vast need for careful evaluation of drug interaction literature before erroneous recommendations are made on conceivably inconclusive clinical studies.

Assessment of Herb-Drug Interactions Based on the Pharmacokinetic Changes of Probe Drug, Midazolam

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarvesh Sabarathinam ◽  
Thangavel Mahalingam Vijayakumar
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interaction ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Online Database ◽  
Probe Drug

Background: In healthy volunteers, the probe drug method is widely practised to assess the pharmacokinetic mediated herb-drug interactions (HDI). We analyzed the clinical evidence of CYP3A4 probe drug, Midazolam. Methods: Literatures where Midazolam was used as a probe drug for prediction of herb-drug interaction was survey through an online database such as google scholar, Scopus, Cochrane, PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov. Results: Midazolam was considered as a sensitive probe for CYP3A4 substrates due to its bioavailability. We observed that not all the herbs are causing drug interaction. However, significant changes of the Midazolam pharmacokinetics were found after high-dose and long-term intake of some herbs and food supplements, Suggesting the induction and/or inhibition of CYP activities. Conclusion: Probe drug technique is one of the easiest ways for predicting CYP enzyme-mediated herb-drug interactions. Midazolam shows a good response in clinical studies because of short half-life and low harmfulness compared with other probe drugs.

Progress in the Consideration of Possible Sex Differences in Drug Interaction Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panjasaram Naidoo ◽  
Manoranjenni Chetty
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Drug Interaction ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Qt Prolongation ◽  
Equal Proportion ◽  
Anecdotal Evidence ◽  
Interaction Studies ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
General Guidance

Background: Anecdotal evidence suggests that there may be sex differences in Drug-drug Interactions (DDI) involving specific drugs. Regulators have provided general guidance for the inclusion of females in clinical studies. Some clinical studies have reported sex differences in the Pharmacokinetics (PK) of CYP3A4 substrates, suggesting that DDI involving CYP3A4 substrates could potentially show sex differences. Objective: The aim of this review was to investigate whether recent prospective DDI studies have included both sexes and whether there was evidence for the presence or absence of sex differences with the DDIs. Methods: The relevant details from 156 drug interaction studies within 124 papers were extracted and evaluated. Results: Only eight studies (five papers) compared the outcome of the DDI between males and females. The majority of the studies had only male volunteers. Five studies had females only while 60 had males only, with 7.7% of the studies having an equal proportion of both sexes. Surprisingly, four studies did not specify the sex of the subjects. : Based on the limited number of studies comparing males and females, no specific trends or conclusions were evident. Sex differences in the interaction were reported between ketoconazole and midazolam as well as clarithromycin and midazolam. However, no sex difference was observed with the interaction between clarithromycin and triazolam or erythromycin and triazolam. No sex-related PK differences were observed with the interaction between ketoconazole and domperidone, although sex-related differences in QT prolongation were observed. Conclusion: This review has shown that only limited progress had been made with the inclusion of both sexes in DDI studies.

Kajian Interaksi Obat Metformin pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
Havizur Rahman ◽  
Teresia Anggi Octavia
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Drug Interaction ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Degenerative Disease ◽  
Moderate Severity ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Chronic Degenerative Disease ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit degeneratif kronis yang apabila tidak ditangani dengan tepat, lama kelamaan bisa timbul berbagai komplikasi, ini cenderung menyebabkan pasien mendapatkan banyak obat dalam satu resep yang dapat menimbulkan interaksi antar obat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui persentase terjadinya interaksi obat metformin secara teori serta mengkaji efek yang mungkin timbul dan solusinya. Teknik pengambilan data dengan purpossive sampling, yaitu resep pasien rujuk balik yang menderita diabetes mellitus yang menggunakan metformin. Data yang diperoleh ditemukan bahwa obat yang berinteraksi dengan metformin dengan tingkat keparahan minor ialah sebesar 60%. Kemudian untuk tingkat keparahan moderat ialah sebesar 20%. Sedangkan untuk tingkat keparahan mayor tidak ditemukan. Dari tabel diatas juga dapat diketahui bahwa terdapat 4 obat yang saling berinteraksi dengan metformin, sedangkan untuk obat yang tidak saling berinteraksi dengan metformin terdapat 9 obat. Jumlah obat yang berinteraksi secara teori sebesar 6,85% dan yang tidak berinteraksi 93,15%. Terdapat interaksi obat metformin dengan beberapa obat yaitu furosemid, lisinopril, acarbose dan ramipril.   Kata kunci: interaksi obat, metformin, diabetes mellitus   STUDY OF METFORMIN INTERACTION IN MELLITUS DIABETES PATIENTS   ABSTRACT Mellitus is a chronic degenerative disease which if not handled properly, over time can arise various complications, this tends to cause patients to get many drugs in one recipe that can cause interactions between drugs. The purpose of this study is to determine percentage of metformin drug interactions in theory and examine the effects that may arise and solutions. Data collection techniques using purposive sampling, which is a recipe for reconciliation patients who suffer from diabetes mellitus using metformin. The data obtained it was found that drugs that interact with metformin with minor severity were 60%. Then for moderate severity is 20%. Whereas the major severity was not found. From the table above it can also be seen that there are 4 drugs that interact with metformin, while for drugs that do not interact with metformin there are 9 drugs. The number of drugs that interacted theoretically was 6.85% and 93.15% did not interact. An interaction of the drug metformin with several drugs namely furosemide, lisinopril, acarbose and ramipril.   Keywords: drug interaction, metformin, diabetes mellitus

Pharmacokinetic Drug-drug Interaction of Antibiotics Used in Sepsis Care in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Yu ◽  
Zixuan Chu ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Rongrong He ◽  
Yaya Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interaction ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Literature Mining ◽  
Human Pharmacokinetics ◽  
P450 Enzyme ◽  
Drug Drug Interaction ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Drug ◽  
Sepsis Care

Background: Many antibiotics have a high potential for having an interaction with drugs, as perpetrator and/or victim, in critically ill patients, and particularly in sepsis patients. Methods: The aim of this review is to summarize the pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction (DDI) of 45 antibiotics commonly used in sepsis care in China. Literature mining was conducted to obtain human pharmacokinetics/dispositions of the antibiotics, their interactions with drug metabolizing enzymes or transporters, and their associated clinical drug interactions. Potential DDI is indicated by a DDI index > 0.1 for inhibition or a treated-cell/untreated-cell ratio of enzyme activity being > 2 for induction. Results: The literature-mined information on human pharmacokinetics of the identified antibiotics and their potential drug interactions is summarized. Conclusion: Antibiotic-perpetrated drug interactions, involving P450 enzyme inhibition, have been reported for four lipophilic antibacterials (ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, trimethoprim, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) and three lipophilic antifungals (fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole). In addition, seven hydrophilic antibacterials (ceftriaxone, cefamandole, piperacillin, penicillin G, amikacin, metronidazole, and linezolid) inhibit drug transporters in vitro. Despite no reported clinical PK drug interactions with the transporters, caution is advised in the use of these antibacterials. Eight hydrophilic antibacterials (all β-lactams; meropenem, cefotaxime, cefazolin, piperacillin, ticarcillin, penicillin G, ampicillin, and flucloxacillin), are potential victims of drug interactions due to transporter inhibition. Rifampin is reported to perpetrate drug interactions by inducing CYP3A or inhibiting OATP1B; it is also reported to be a victim of drug interactions, due to the dual inhibition of CYP3A4 and OATP1B by indinavir. In addition, three antifungals (caspofungin, itraconazole, and voriconazole) are reported to be victims of drug interactions because of P450 enzyme induction. Reports for other antibiotics acting as victims in drug interactions are scarce.

Food and drugs

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kornelija Djakovic-Svajcer
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Level ◽  
Drug Metabolism ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Drug Bioavailability

Food can exert a significant influence on the effects of certain drugs. The interactions between food and drugs can be pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic. Pharmacokinetic interactions most often take place on absorption and drug metabolism levels. Absorption can be either accelerated or delayed, increased or decreased, while drug metabolism can be either stimulated or inhibited. The factors which influence food-drug interactions are as follows: composition and physic-chemical properties of drugs, the interval between a meal and drug intake and food composition. Food consistency is of lesser influence on drug bioavailability than food composition (proteins, fats, carbohydrates, cereals). Important interactions can occur during application of drugs with low therapeutic index, whereby the plasma level significantly varies due to changes in resorption or metabolism (e.g. digoxin, theophyllin, cyclosporin) and drugs such as antibiotics, whose proper therapeutic effect requires precise plasma concentrations.

scholarly journals Hydroxyurea—The Good, the Bad and the Ugly

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1096
Author(s):  
Marcelina W. Musiałek ◽  
Dorota Rybaczek
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Interaction Mechanism ◽  
Myeloproliferative Disorders ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cell Cycles ◽  
Practical Applications

Hydroxyurea (HU) is mostly referred to as an inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) and as the agent that is commonly used to arrest cells in the S-phase of the cycle by inducing replication stress. It is a well-known and widely used drug, one which has proved to be effective in treating chronic myeloproliferative disorders and which is considered a staple agent in sickle anemia therapy and—recently—a promising factor in preventing cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease. The reversibility of HU-induced replication inhibition also makes it a common laboratory ingredient used to synchronize cell cycles. On the other hand, prolonged treatment or higher dosage of hydroxyurea causes cell death due to accumulation of DNA damage and oxidative stress. Hydroxyurea treatments are also still far from perfect and it has been suggested that it facilitates skin cancer progression. Also, recent studies have shown that hydroxyurea may affect a larger number of enzymes due to its less specific interaction mechanism, which may contribute to further as-yet unspecified factors affecting cell response. In this review, we examine the actual state of knowledge about hydroxyurea and the mechanisms behind its cytotoxic effects. The practical applications of the recent findings may prove to enhance the already existing use of the drug in new and promising ways.

scholarly journals Chirality-Dependent Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Glutathione after Spinal Cord Injury in an Animal Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 792
Author(s):  
Seong-Jun Kim ◽  
Wan-Kyu Ko ◽  
Gong-Ho Han ◽  
Daye Lee ◽  
Yuhan Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Secondary Damage ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Neuroinflammation forms a glial scar following a spinal cord injury (SCI). The injured axon cannot regenerate across the scar, suggesting permanent paraplegia. Molecular chirality can show an entirely different bio-function by means of chiral-specific interaction. In this study, we report that d-chiral glutathione (D-GSH) suppresses the inflammatory response after SCI and leads to axon regeneration of the injured spinal cord to a greater extent than l-chiral glutathione (L-GSH). After SCI, axon regrowth in D-GSH-treated rats was significantly increased compared with that in L-GSH-treated rats (*** p < 0.001). Secondary damage and motor function were significantly improved in D-GSH-treated rats compared with those outcomes in L-GSH-treated rats (** p < 0.01). Moreover, D-GSH significantly decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) via inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway compared with L-GSH (*** p < 0.001). In primary cultured macrophages, we found that D-GSH undergoes more intracellular interaction with activated macrophages than L-GSH (*** p < 0.001). These findings reveal a potential new regenerative function of chiral GSH in SCI and suggest that chiral GSH has therapeutic potential as a treatment of other diseases.

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