scholarly journals Effects of Citric Acid and Desensitizing Agent Application on Nonfluorosed and Fluorosed Dentin: An In Vitro Sem Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahajan Neha ◽  
Laxman K Vandana
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Partial Occlusion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Strontium Acetate ◽  
Definite Difference ◽  
Diameter Reduction ◽  
Scanning Electron

Fluorosis is one of the factors which bring about mineralisation changes in a dentinal structure leading to dentin. The purpose of the present study was to compare and evaluate the dentinal tubular changes in fluorosed and nonfluorosed teeth subsequent to the application of citric acid,strontium acetate based sodium fluoride (SAF) using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Dentin specimens from healthy fluorosed and nonfluorosed teeth were included in the study. Each of them was grouped into acid treated and SAF treatment groups. Using SEM, the photomicrographs (3500x) of dentin specimens were evaluated. Results showed while there was a significant difference in tubular width of partial occlusion ≤ 25%, being more in fluorosed group compared to nonfluorosed group after application SAF. Application of desensitising agents demonstrated higher number of dentinal tubular occlusion and diameter reduction in nonfluorosed dentin compared to fluorosed dentin. Summary: Root biomodification and desensitising agent procedure brings in definite difference between fluorosed and non-fluorosed dentin specimens.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Effectiveness of Cleaning of Root Canals using Protaper and K3 Rotary Systems: A SEM Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
K Shashikala ◽  
BS Keshava Prasad ◽  
Anukriti Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACT The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the debris and smear layer removal following root canal preparation using two different rotary systems with scanning electron microscope (SEM). The rotary systems used were Protaper and K3. Forty single rooted permanent mandibular premolars were chosen for the study. They were assigned two groups on the basis of instrumentation used. The teeth were sectioned at the level of cementoenamel junction and instrumented with Protaper in group A and with K3 in group B. The root canals were thoroughly irrigated with 5 ml of 2.5 % NaOCl during instrumentation. After instrumentation, 5 ml of normal saline was used as a final rinse. The teeth were split longitudinally and the specimens were prepared for SEM evaluation. Scanning electron microscope photomicrographs showed presence of debris and smear layer. The SEM photomicrographs were scored, based on the standard score rating system, and the scores were tabulated accordingly. The scores obtained from the specimens were subjected to statistical analysis. Results showed opening of dentinal tubules and effective removal of smear layer in group A (Protaper) and no significant difference between both the groups (groups A and B) regarding debris. How to cite this article Tyagi A, Prasad BSK, Shashikala K. Evaluation of Effectiveness of Cleaning of Root Canals using Protaper and K3 Rotary Systems: A Sem Study. World J Dent 2015;6(1):20-25.

233. Oxygen concentration during in vitro maturation of murine oocytes affects blastocyst cell lineage

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
K. M. Banwell ◽  
M. Lane ◽  
D. L. Russell ◽  
K. L. Kind ◽  
J. G. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
In Vitro Maturation ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Embryo Viability ◽  
Blastocyst Development ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
O2 Concentration

Follicular antral oxygen tension is thought to influence subsequent oocyte developmental competence. Despite this, in vitro maturation (IVM) is routinely performed in either 5 or 20% O2 and while low O2 has been shown to be beneficial to embryo development in many species, the effect of altering O2 concentration during IVM has not been adequately investigated. Here we investigated the effects of a range of O2 concentrations during IVM on meiotic maturation and subsequent embryo development after IVF. Ovaries from eCG-stimulated CBA F1 female mice (21 days) were collected and intact cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) cultured for 17–18 h under 2, 5, 10 or 20% O2 (6% CO2 and balance of N2). Matured COCs were denuded of cumulus cells, fixed and stained (1% aceto-orcein) for visualisation of maturation status. No significant difference in maturation rates between treatment groups was observed. Following IVF (performed under 5% O2, 6% CO2 and balance of N2), no difference in fertilisation rates between treatment groups was observed in a randomly selected cohort 7 h post-fertilisation. There was also no significant difference in cleavage rates after 24 h or ability to reach blastocyst stage after 96 h, with a tendency (P = 0.079) for more blastocysts in 2% O2. However there was a significant increase in the number of trophectoderm cells present in the resulting blastocysts (P < 0.05) in the 2% O2 group (35 ± 2.1) compared to 20% O2 (25 ± 2.8). Our data suggests that O2 concentration during IVM does not influence nuclear maturation or subsequent fertilisation, cleavage and blastocyst development rates. However, maturation in 2% O2 significantly alters subsequent cell lineage within blastocysts to favour trophectoderm development. Such skewed trophectoderm cell number may influence embryo viability. Funded by NHMRC and NIH.

Influence of prophylaxis on the microleakage of sealants: in vitro study

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Beatriz Alonso Chevitarese ◽  
Orlando Chevitarese ◽  
Ivete Pomarico Ribeiro de Souza ◽  
Roberto Braga de Carvalho Vianna
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Scanning Electron

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of prophylaxis on the sealants microleakage in 30 premolars divided into: Group A, Group B and Group C. The teeth were analyzed using the optical microscope (OM) and at scanning electron microscope (SEM). There was a statitical significant difference among the groups regarding the presence of microleakage, but not with the presence of tags.

scholarly journals Combination Therapy in Treatment of Experimental Pulmonary Aspergillosis: In Vitro and In Vivo Correlations of the Concentration- and Dose- Dependent Interactions between Anidulafungin and Voriconazole by Bliss Independence Drug Interaction Analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 2382-2391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidmantas Petraitis ◽  
Ruta Petraitiene ◽  
William W. Hope ◽  
Joseph Meletiadis ◽  
Diana Mickiene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interaction ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis ◽  
Pulmonary Aspergillosis ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Synergistic Interactions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bliss Independence

ABSTRACT We studied the antifungal activity of anidulafungin (AFG) in combination with voriconazole (VRC) against experimental invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in persistently neutropenic rabbits and further explored the in vitro and in vivo correlations by using Bliss independence drug interaction analysis. Treatment groups consisted of those receiving AFG at 5 (AFG5 group) and 10 (AFG10 group) mg/kg of body weight/day, VRC at 10 mg/kg every 8 h (VRC group), AFG5 plus VRC (AFG5+VRC group), and AFG10 plus VRC (AFG10+VRC group) and untreated controls. Survival throughout the study was 60% for the AFG5+VRC group, 50% for the VRC group, 27% for the AFG10+VRC group, 22% for the AFG5 group, 18% for the AFG10 group, and 0% for control rabbits (P < 0.001). There was a significant reduction of organism-mediated pulmonary injury, measured by infarct scores, lung weights, residual fungal burdens, and galactomannan indexes, in AFG5+VRC-treated rabbits versus those treated with AFG5 and VRC alone (P < 0.05). In comparison, AFG10+VRC significantly lowered only infarct scores and lung weights in comparison to those of AFG10-treated animals (P < 0.05). AFG10+VRC showed no significant difference in other outcome variables. Significant Bliss synergy was found in vivo between AFG5 and VRC, with observed effects being 24 to 30% higher than expected levels if the drugs were acting independently. These synergistic interactions were also found between AFG and VRC in vitro. However, for AFG10+VRC, only independence and antagonism were observed among the outcome variables. We concluded that the combination of AFG with VRC in treatment of experimental IPA in persistently neutropenic rabbits was independent to synergistic at a dosage of 5 mg/kg/day but independent to antagonistic at 10 mg/kg/day, as assessed by Bliss independence analysis, suggesting that higher dosages of an echinocandin may be deleterious to the combination.

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of Neurotrophin-4 Supplementation During in vitro Maturation of Porcine Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes and Subsequent Embryonic Development After Parthenogenetic Activation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirae Kim ◽  
Seon-Ung Hwang ◽  
Junchul David Yoon ◽  
Joohyeong Lee ◽  
Eunhye Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Egf Signaling

Neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) is a neurotrophic factor that plays an important role in follicular development and oocyte maturation. However, it is not yet known whether NT-4 is related to oocyte maturation and follicular development in pigs. This study aims to investigate the effects of NT-4 supplementation during in vitro maturation (IVM) of porcine oocytes and subsequent embryonic development after parthenogenetic activation (PA). First, NT-4 and its receptors (TrkB and p75NTR) were identified through fluorescent immunohistochemistry in porcine ovaries. NT-4 was mainly expressed in theca and granulosa cells; phospho-TrkB and total TrkB were expressed in theca cells, granulosa cells, and oocytes; p75NTR was expressed in all follicular cells. During IVM, the defined maturation medium was supplemented with various concentrations of NT-4 (0, 1, 10, and 100 ng/mL). After IVM, the nuclear maturation rate was significantly higher in the 10 and 100 ng/mL NT-4 treated groups than in the control. There was no significant difference in the intracellular reactive oxygen species levels in any group after IVM, but the 1 and 10 ng/mL NT-4 treatment groups showed a significant increase in the intracellular glutathione levels compared to the control. In matured cumulus cells, the 10 ng/mL NT-4 treatment group showed significantly increased cumulus expansion-related genes and epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling pathway-related genes. In matured oocytes, the 10 ng/mL treatment group showed significantly increased expression of cell proliferation-related genes, antioxidant-related genes, and EGF signaling pathway-related genes. We also investigated the subsequent embryonic developmental competence of PA embryos. After PA, the cleavage rates significantly increased in the 10 and 100 ng/mL NT-4 treatment groups. Although there was no significant difference in the total cell number of blastocysts, only the 10 ng/mL NT-4 treatment group showed a higher blastocyst formation rate than the control group. Our findings suggest that supplementation with the 10 ng/mL NT-4 can enhance porcine oocyte maturation by interacting with the EGF receptor signaling pathway. In addition, we demonstrated for the first time that NT-4 is not only required for porcine follicular development, but also has beneficial effects on oocyte maturation and developmental competence of PA embryos.

scholarly journals Evaluation of sealing between abutment and inner connection of cone morse dental implant

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derivaldo Moura Gois Filho ◽  
Vanessa Tavares de Gois-Santos ◽  
Ronaldo Santos Silva ◽  
Antônio Carlos Marqueti ◽  
Arthur Rodriguez Gonzalez Cortes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implants ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Dental Abutments ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Group 1

Introduction: The adaptation of prostheses fixed over implants involves biomechanical aspects that are directly associated with treatment success. Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the presence of microgaps in the abutment/inner connection interface of cone morse dental implants. Materials and methods: Two groups of implants were analyzed. The first group (n = 16) employed single-manufacturer dental implants and abutments, whereas the second group (n = 16) combined multi-manufacturer materials. The sets were analyzed through scanning electron mi­croscopy, wherein microgaps between the implant connection and the abutment were observed. Results: Group 1 had an average microgap of 5.69 μm (SD ± 8.46 μm). Group 2 had an average microgap of 1.24 μm (SD ± 0.44 μm). A significant difference was found between the two groups (p = 0.002). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, results suggest that the group formed by multi-manufacturer implants and abutments (group 2) had smaller microgap values, and, therefore, a higher in vitro adaptation of components. DESCRIPTORS | Dental Implants; Dental Abutments; Scanning Electron Microscopy.

221. SPRASA, a sperm protein with a post-fertilization function?

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
A. Wagner ◽  
A. Shelling ◽  
L. Chamley
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
Preimplantation Embryos ◽  
Sperm Protein ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Bovine Sperm ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Integral Role

Objectives: SPRASA is a highly conserved sperm protein that is localised to the inner acrosome membrane, and shows high homology to the alpha-lactalbumin/C-type lysozyme family.1,2 We have previously shown that SPRASA is the antigen for antisperm antibodies in some infertile patients.1 To date, the function of SPRASA is unknown but in vitro, antibodies reactive with SPRASA inhibit sperm-oocyte binding in a zona-free hamster oocyte binding assay2. Based on this preliminary data, we postulated that SPRASA plays an integral role in fertilization, and that binding of antibodies to SPRASA may inhibit its function leading to infertility. In this study we investigated the effect of inhibiting bovine SPRASA, in vitro, on fertilization and embryonic development. Methods: Viable, motile sperm was prepared from frozen-thawed bovine sperm by swim up. Bovine oocytes were obtained from slaughter-house killed animals and matured in vitro. Three different treatments were investigated. (1) Sperm were incubated for an hour with a SPRASA-reactive antiserum, washed and used to fertilize 100 oocytes in insemination droplets. (2) One hundred in vitro matured oocytes were incubated for an hour with the SPRASA-reactive antiserum, washed, and fertilized with untreated swim-up sperm in insemination droplets. (3) Sperm and oocytes (n = 100) were coincubated with the SPRASA-reactive antiserum in insemination droplets. Controls consisted of similar numbers of sperm and/or oocytes incubated with an irrelevant antiserum. Results: There was a significant reduction in the number of embryos that reached morula (P = 0.03) or blastocyst (P=0.01) when oocytes were pre-treated with the SPRASA antiserum (treatment 2) or when sperm and oocytes were co-incubated with the antiserum (P=0.05 morula; P=0.01 blastocyst; treatment 3). However, there was no significant difference in the rates of embryos reaching earlier developmental stages in any of the treatment groups. Conclusion: These data suggest that SPRASA may be expressed by oocytes and/or preimplantation embryos. (1)Chiu WW, Erikson EK, Sole CA, Shelling AN, Chamley LW. (2004). SPRASA, a novel sperm protein involved in immune-mediated infertility. Human Reproduction 19(2), 243–249.(2)Mandal A, Klotz KL, Shetty J, Jayes FL, Wolkowicz MJ, Bolling LC, Coonrod SA, Black MB, Diekman AB, Haystead TA, Flickinger CJ, Herr JC. (2003). SLLP1, a unique, intra-acrosomal, non-bacteriolytic, c lysozyme-like protein of human spermatozoa. Biology of Reproduction 68(5), 1525–1537.

Evaluation of Dentinal Changes Following Application of Three Different Desensitizing Agents

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1573-1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Stoleriu ◽  
Galina Pancu ◽  
Angela Ghiorghe ◽  
Dorina Cerasella Sincar ◽  
Sorina Solomon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Dentinal Tubule ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Desensitizing Agents ◽  
Strontium Acetate ◽  
Dentin Tubules ◽  
Tubule Occlusion ◽  
Scanning Electron

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of three desensitizing tooth pastes on the dentinal tubule occlusion. Thirty dentin discs having a thickness of 3 mm were obtained by cutting human teeth. The discs were submersed in citric acid for 30 seconds to open the dentin tubules. Then the discs were cut in two halves. In each group 10 halves were kept in 0.9% NaCl solution) and the other 10 halves were exposed to the action of one of the tested desensitizing toothpastes. The dentin samples were placed in the machine designed to simulate tooth brushing. Three commercial desensitizing toothpastes were chosen to be applied on dentin surface. The morphology of dentin samples and the level of tubule occlusion was scored using scanning electron microscope. All the three desensitizing toothpastes demonstrated significant effects on dentinal tubule occlusion. The tooth paste containing arginine and calcium carbonate as active ingredients showed the highest degree of tubule occlusion, followed by the dentifrice containing strontium acetate and sodium fluoride.

scholarly journals Comparative in vitro study of root roughness after instrumentation with ultrasonic and diamond tip sonic scaler

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Vieira Ribeiro ◽  
Renato Correa Viana Casarin ◽  
Francisco Humberto Nociti Júnior ◽  
Enilson Antônio Sallum ◽  
Antonio Wilson Sallum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Root Surfaces ◽  
Scanning Electron

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the root surface roughness after instrumentation with hand curette and diamond-coated sonic and universal ultrasonic tips. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty root surfaces of human teeth were randomly assigned to four treatment groups: control group (without instrumentation), curette instrumentation, ultrasonic instrumentation with universal tip and sonic instrumentation with diamond-coated tip. Each sample was instrumented with fifteen strokes. Before and after instrumentation, surface roughness was measured. In addition, the root surface topography was examined after treatment under the scanning electron microscope. RESULTS: Significant statistical differences (p <0.05) were observed when comparing the control group (0.48±0.07mm) to the treated groups (hand - 1.246±0.279mm, ultrasonic - 1.468±0.177mm and sonic instrumentation - 1.576±0.20mm). The highest roughness was produced by diamond-coated sonic tip and by ultrasonic universal tip (p >0.05). CONCLUSION: The diamond-coated tip with sonic scaler instrumentation and ultrasonic instrumentation produce similar root surface roughness, higher than curette instrumentation.

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