scholarly journals Volumetric Analysis of Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Peri-Implant Sulcus Fluid in Healthy and Diseased Sites: A Cross-Sectional Split-Mouth Pilot Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Bevilacqua ◽  
Matteo De Biasi ◽  
Maria Giulia Lorenzon ◽  
Costanza Frattini ◽  
Daniele Angerame
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implants ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Volumetric Analysis ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Probing Pocket Depth ◽  
Parallel Group Design ◽  
Parallel Group ◽  
Fluid Production ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Background:Researchers have recently drawn attention to the analysis of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and peri-implant sulcus fluid (PISF) for the implementation of the diagnosis of periodontal and peri-implant disease. Nevertheless, the measurements of volume and biomarkers concentration can be critically biased when data collected from studies with parallel group design are compared, given the technical difficulties, methodological variables, as well as the variability of crevicular fluid characteristics among different individuals.Objective:The aim of the present study was to assess the GCF and PISF volumes in healthy and diseased sites belonging to the same patient.Method:Ten patients presenting a periodontally healthy tooth, a tooth with periodontitis, an implant with healthy peri-implant tissues and an implant with peri-implantitis were enrolled. Samples of GCF and PISF were collected from each site of interest and their volume measured with a Periotron 8000 device. Non-parametric statistical analysis was performed to test the significance of the differences in GCF and PISF volumes between i) sites of teeth and dental implants with the same condition of health or disease and ii) healthy and diseased sites of both teeth and dental implants subgroups. The correlation between probing pocket depth (PPD) and fluid production was also tested (p<0.05).Results:Healthy periodontal and peri-implant tissues produced comparable amounts of fluid that was significantly lower than in diseased sites (p<0.05). In the presence of diagnosed disease, the volumes of GCF and PISF were similar, too. The correlation between PPD and fluid production was significant only in healthy sites (PPD/GCF, ρ=0.890, p<0.001; PPD/PISF, ρ=0.810; p<0.005).Conclusion:The periodontal and peri-implant tissues behaved similarly in terms of fluid production in condition of both health and active disease.

scholarly journals Origin of MMP-8 and Lactoferrin levels from gingival crevicular fluid, salivary glands and whole saliva

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liza L. Ramenzoni ◽  
Deborah Hofer ◽  
Alex Solderer ◽  
Daniel Wiedemeier ◽  
Thomas Attin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Active Matrix ◽  
Probing Pocket Depth ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Biomarker Testing ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Abstract Background Pathologically elevated levels of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and Lactoferrin in oral fluids have been associated with the presence of gingivitis/periodontitis. This study aimed to assess the origin of MMP-8 and Lactoferrin in periodontitis patients and to identify the degree to which conventional clinical parameters correlate with their presence. Methods A total of ten periodontitis and ten healthy patients were included in this study. Whole saliva (stimulated and unstimulated), parotid/sublingual glandular fluid and gingival crevicular fluid from pockets and sulci were tested for MMP-8 and Lactoferrin and protein concentrations were quantified using an ELISA assay. Clinical parameters were checked for potential associations with MMP-8 and Lactoferrin levels. Results Periodontal patients presented higher concentrations of MMP-8 and Lactoferrin in pockets than other sources (P = 0.03). Lactoferrin measurement was higher in the parotid compared to sublingual glandular fluid in periodontitis patients (P = 0.03). Increased probing pocket depth was positively correlated with high MMP-8 and Lactoferrin levels. Conclusions Periodontal pockets appear to be the major source of active matrix metalloproteinase and Lactoferrin, which also may also enter the oral cavity through the salivary glands. Since clinically healthy sites in periodontitis patients also had elevated biomarker levels, gingival crevicular fluid biomarker testing may be more predictive of future tissue breakdown than conventional clinical parameters.

scholarly journals Effects of Initial Periodontal Therapy on Heat Shock Protein 70 Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid from Periodontitis Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 3072
Author(s):  
Nobuhisa Furuse ◽  
Hideki Takai ◽  
Yorimasa Ogata
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Probing Pocket Depth ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Shock Proteins

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of periodontium which is caused by periodontopathic bacteria. Moreover, various cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-6 are expressed in the inflamed periodontium. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) protect cells from abnormal conditions including inflammation, microbial infection and diseases. The 70-kDa HSPs (HSP70s) are major HSPs that express in the inflamed tissues. In this study, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was applied to measure the levels of HSP70 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from two periodontal pockets in each of 10 patients with Stage III, Grade B periodontitis. Sites with probing pocket depth (PPD) of ≤3 mm were named the healthy control (HC) sites, and sites with PPD of ≥5 mm were named the diseased sites. HSP70 levels in GCF were expressed higher at diseased sites than at HC sites, and decreased after initial periodontal therapy at diseased sites. These results suggest the association of HSP70 with the stage of periodontitis.

scholarly journals GCF Adrenomedullin Levels in Healthy and Periodontitis Patients with or without Type 2—Diabetes Mellitus: Clinicobiochemical Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
SM Apoorva ◽  
Divya Bhat ◽  
Akanksha Garg ◽  
A Suchetha ◽  
N Sapna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Probing Pocket Depth ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

ABSTRACT Background The literature suggests that periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus share a two-way relationship. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the levels of adrenomedullin (ADM) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of periodontally healthy and periodontitis patients with or without type 2 diabetes with different glycemic controls. Methods Ninety patients were included in the study and were divided into five groups based on CPI scores and ADA classification of diabetes. Probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured in all the subjects. GCF was collected from all the participants using micropipettes. ADM levels were measured in GCF samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The results showed higher levels of ADM in patients with periodontitis as compared to healthy group. Significant correlation was present between PPD and CAL and ADM levels in all periodontitis patients with or without type 2 diabetes. Conclusion Increase in GCF levels of ADM from periodontal health to disease and in periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes with the worsening of glycemic control underlines the possible role of ADM in mounting a protective response to worsening disease state. How to cite this article Garg A, Suchetha A, Sapna N, Apoorva SM, Bhat D, Puzhankara L. GCF Adrenomedullin Levels in Healthy and Periodontitis Patients with or without Type 2—Diabetes Mellitus: Clinicobiochemical Study. World J Dent 2014;5(1):42-46.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of non-surgical treatment to reduce il-18 levels in the gingival crevicular fluid of patients with periodontal disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Oliveira de Campos ◽  
Ricardo Guimarães Fischer ◽  
Anders Gustafsson ◽  
Carlos Marcelo da Silva Figueredo
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Gingival Index ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Probing Pocket Depth ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Attachment Level ◽  
Gingival Fluid ◽  
Non Surgical Treatment

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the non-surgical periodontal treatment in reducing the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of IL-18 from inflamed periodontal sites. Fourteen patients with periodontal disease were included, being 9 patients with chronic periodontitis (mean age: 48.8 SD ± 7.4 years) and 5 patients with gingivitis (mean age: 43.6 SD ± 11.8). The patients were divided in the following groups: gingivitis sites from periodontitis patients (sites GP), periodontitis sites from periodontitis patients (sites PP), and gingivitis sites from gingivitis patients (sites GG). Probing pocket depth (PPD), probing attachment level (AL), plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) were recorded, and gingival fluid samples were collected. The subjects received non-surgical treatment and were re-evaluated 30 days after treatment (day 30 AT). There was a significant reduction in PI in GG (1.0 ± 0.4 to 0.5 ± 0.2), GP (1.2 ± 0.3 to 0.5 ± 0.3), and in PP (1.3 ± 0.4 to 0.7 ± 0.3) 30 AT. There was also a significant reduction in the GI in GG (1.3 ± 0.3 to 0.7 ± 0.4). PPD reduced significantly in GG (2.4 ± 0.6 to 1.9 ± 0.1), and PP (6.7 ± 1.1 to 5.2 ± 0.9) 30 AT. When all the samples were analyzed together, there was a significant reduction in IL-18 (12.9 ± 7.2 to 10.0 ± 3.1). This study showed that non-surgical treatment was effective in reducing GCF levels of IL-18 from inflamed periodontal sites.

scholarly journals BETA GLUCURONIDASE ACTIVITY IN DIABETES ASSOCIATED PERIODONTITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1222-1230
Author(s):  
Gawali S ◽  
◽  
Padhye A ◽  
Chavan P ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Glucuronidase Activity ◽  
Probing Pocket Depth ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for development of periodontal disease with progressive periodontal destruction seen in diabetic patients. Advances in oral and periodontal disease diagnostic research are moving towards methods whereby periodontal risk can be identified and quantified by objective measures such as biomarkers. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of beta glucuronidase activity as an enzymatic biomarker of periodontal tissue destruction in patients of Diabetes mellitus associated with Periodontitis. β Glucuronidase activitywas estimated in saliva, GCF (Gingival Crevicular Fluid) and serum in healthy subjects and patients with Diabetes mellitus, Periodontitis and Diabetes associated periodontitis. Enzyme activity was compared with clinical parameters like Probing pocket depth, Plaque Index and Gingival Index. It was maximally raised in diabetic cases with periodontitis. Enzyme activity was found to be highest in crevicular fluid compared to saliva and serum. However, serum Glucuronidase correlated significantly with clinical indices. β-glucuronidase may be employed on routine basis as a chair side test for screening and diagnosis of patients with periodontitis in diabetics.

scholarly journals Association between Oral Contraceptive Use and Interleukin-6 Levels and Periodontal Health

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Shirin Z. Farhad ◽  
Vahid Esfahanian ◽  
Morvarid Mafi ◽  
Nasim Farkhani ◽  
Mohamadreza Ghafari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Clinical Attachment Loss ◽  
Probing Pocket Depth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
And Control

Background and aims. Changes in the balance of sexual hormones during pregnancy decrease gingival crevicular fluid levels of interleukin-6 and the resistance of gingival tissue against inflammations. Hormonal contraceptives are agents that are based on the effects of gestational hormones and simulate a state of pregnancy; therefore, they prevent ovulation. This study evaluates the effect of these drugs on periodontal tissues and levels of IL-6 in gingival crevicular fluid. Materials and methods. Twenty-five patients who had not used oral contraceptives (control) and 35 patients using oral contraceptives (case) were examined clinically and their medical history, dosage and duration of oral contraceptives use were recorded. Periodontal indices such as bleeding on probing, plaque index, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss and levels of IL-6 in gingival crevicular fluid were measured. Student’s t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used to analyze data. Results. Mann-Whitney test showed a statistically significant difference in the mean of bleeding on probing in the case and control groups (P<0.05). Student’s t-test showed a statistically significant difference in the mean of IL-6 levels (P<0.05), probing pocket depth (P<0.05) and clinical attachment loss between the case and control groups (P<0.05) but no statistically significant differences were found between the plaque index of the case and control groups (P>0.05). Conclusion. It seems that use of oral contraceptives may affect the periodontal health status of patients, leading to more gingival inflammation. Therefore, patients must have a strict oral hygiene care.

Association of Serum and Crevicular Fluid Dickkopf-1 Levels with Disease Activity and Periodontitis in Patients with Early Rheumatoid Arthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Consuelo Romero-Sánchez ◽  
Sebastián Giraldo ◽  
Ana María Heredia-P ◽  
Juliette De Avila ◽  
Lorena Chila-Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Bone Erosion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Radiographic Evaluation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Periodontal Bone Loss ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Routine Assessment

Background: The aim of this study was to assess DKK-1 levels, in Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) and serum, as a biomarker for bone loss and disease activity in periodontitis and early RA (eRA). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we obtained serum and GCF from 10 interproximal sites (Distal Buccal I/S, Mesio Buccal I/S, Distal Palatal/Lingual, Mesio Palatal/Lingual) according to the highest degree of inflammation by a patient for 240 sites from eRA patients. Patients received a periodontal assessment, a radiographic evaluation, tomography of interproximal sites, and DKK1 levels were determined by ELISA. Comparisons were performed by the Mann–Whitney U test and analysis by Chi2 test, and a logistic regression model was applied. Results: The mean age was 46.33 ± 12.0 years, the Disease Activity Score (DAS-28-ESR) was 4.08 ± 1.4. Periodontitis was present in 65.2% of the patients, and 59.6% of these patients had bone loss in interproximal sites. Higher GCF-DKK1 levels were associated with serum-DKK1 (OR:2.41 IC95% 1.14–5.09, p=0.021) and were related with DAS28-ESR (p=0.001), Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 (RAPID 3) (p=0.001), and tender joints (p=0.040). Foot bone erosion and juxta-articular osteopenia were associated with high levels of serum-DKK1 (p=0.009 and 0.001, respectively). Serum-DKK1 were associated with SDAI (OR: 2.38 IC95% 1.03–5.52, p=0.043), RAPID 3 (p=0.001), and rheumatoid factor (p=0.018). The GCF-DKK1 levels were associated with periodontal bone loss (p=0.011), periodontitis (p=0.070) and its severity (OR: 2.58 IC95% 2.28–7.28, p=0.001). Bone loss was more frequent in buccal sites (73.5%) and was associated with increased levels of DKK1 (p=0.033). Conclusion: In the early stages of the eRA disease, serum and GCF-DKK1 could be a biomarker for clinical disease activity and periodontal and articular bone erosion.

Clinical and Patient-Related Outcomes of a Tapered Implant System With Switched Platform Conical Abutments: A Private Practice Field Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 326-329
Author(s):  
Jacob Horwitz ◽  
Eli E. Machtei ◽  
Shai Frankental ◽  
Eran Gabay ◽  
Yaniv Mayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implants ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Probing Pocket Depth ◽  
Satisfaction Evaluation ◽  
Edentulous Patients ◽  
Standard Implant ◽  
Implant System

The aim of this prospective cohort observational field trial was to examine 1-year survival and success rates of a recently introduced tapered implant system with switched platform conical abutments and to evaluate patient related outcomes of therapy. Partially edentulous patients aged between 18 and 75 years, with available bone height for dental implants ≥10 mm desiring to restore the missing tooth/teeth with implant supported restoration, were recruited by 7 periodontists in their respective private practices. Dental implants were installed according to standard implant therapy protocol. Three to 6 months postoperatively, after evaluating interim implant success, implants were restored by the referring dentists. Patient, Ramfjord teeth, and implant data, including baseline and 1-year postoperative, were collected. A total of 60 patients were recruited and received 117 implants. Complete 1-year clinical and radiographic data were available for 83 and 65 implants, respectively. Two implants failed during the first year, resulting in a 1-year survival rate of 98.3%. Mean implant probing pocket depth was 2.29 ± 0.84 mm. Mean radiographic bone distance from implant's shoulder at the mesial and distal sites at 1 year was 0.66 ± 0.5 and 0.79 ± 0.64mm, respectively, resulting in a success rate of 95.4%. Patient subjective evaluation of therapy exhibited a median pain experience of 1 and median esthetics, function, and general satisfaction evaluation of 10 on a scale of 1 to 10. The tapered conical connection dental implant system, used in private dental practices, shows good 1-year survival and success rates that are similar to other implant systems on the market.

scholarly journals Validating gingival surface temperature as an alternative tool in the diagnosis of periodontal disease activity: An observational clinical trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
Sumanth Gunupati ◽  
Hasya Sappiti ◽  
Sreenivas Nagarakanti ◽  
BV Ramesh Reddy ◽  
Vijay Kumar Chava
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Clinical Attachment Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Probing Pocket Depth ◽  
Pilot Clinical Study

Background. Elevated temperature has been recognized as an inflammatory sign. It is the only indication that can be both objectively and quantitatively evaluated and is considered as a potential indicator of periodontal disease. Assessing gingival surface temperature (GST) could be a diagnostic parameter to determine periodontal health. This pilot clinical study aimed to validate gingival surface temperature (GST) as a clinical diagnostic tool to measure periodontal disease activity by correlating with the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA). Methods. A cross-sectional mono-center pilot study was conducted with a convenient sample of 50 participants with a mean age of 34.14±13.7 years. Clinical parameters such as probing pocket depth (PPD) clinical attachment loss (CAL) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were measured. GST was recorded with a single lead of the bedside patient monitor and correlated with PISA. Results. The results showed a positive correlation between PISA and GST (P=0.46). Conclusion. This study showed a rise in GST of inflamed sites, but the results did not support the hypothesis that increased GST is an indicator of periodontal disease. As this is a pilot study, further studies with more larger sample sizes need to be undertaken to confirm its use as a diagnostic tool in clinical trials.

scholarly journals Folate-receptor 1 level in periodontal disease: a pilot study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Duygu Alkan ◽  
Berrak Guven ◽  
Cigdem Coskun Turer ◽  
Umut Balli ◽  
Murat Can
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Folate Receptor ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Probing Pocket Depth ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to investigate gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum folate-receptor 1 (FOLR1) levels in subjects with different periodontal status. Methods The study consists of three groups: Healthy group (n = 15), gingivitis group (n = 15) and chronic periodontitis group (n = 15). Clinical periodontal parameters including probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival index (GI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were assessed. GCF and serum samples were collected from each patient and were analyzed FOLR1 levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The values of FOLR1 in GCF were higher in gingivitis and periodontitis groups than among patient in control group (p < 0.016). Serum FOLR1 levels showed no significant difference between the groups. A significant correlation was observed between FOLR1 levels of GCF and BOP (p < 0.05). Conclusions Our preliminary data suggest that FOLR1 is not useful in monitoring the periodontal disease. Further studies are necessary to clarify the role, regulation and function of folate and it’s receptors in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.

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