scholarly journals In vitro Antibacterial Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Nicotiana tabacum L. Extracted in Different Organic Solvents

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 352-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemechu Ameya ◽  
Aseer Manilal ◽  
Behailu Merdekios
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Human Pathogens

Background: Controlling infectious disease using medicinal plants is the oldest healthcare known to mankind. Regardless of the enormous advances observed in modern medicine, medicinal plants are still playing vital roles. However, only a small proportion of medicinal plants are examined for bioactive compounds which may vary in different factors. This study aimed to evaluate phytochemical constituent and antimicrobial activities of Nicotiana tabacum L. extracted by different solvents against three set of bacteria. Methods: Nicotiana tabacum L. was collected from the Western Ethiopia and extracted in seven organic solvents. An in-vitro anti-bacterial activity of plant extracts was carried out by agar well diffusion assay against microbial type culture collection of human pathogens, clinical bacterial isolates, and biofilm forming bacteria. Gas Chromatographic and Mass Spectroscopic (GC-MS) analysis was used to determine the phytochemical constituents. Results: Antimicrobial activities of plant extract vary by extraction solvents; and ethyl acetate based extracts showed better antimicrobial activities. Of the experimental organisms, biofilm forming uropathogens were the most sensitive while clinical isolates were quite resistant. Analysis of the active ethyl acetate extract by GC-MS evinced a mixture of five volatile compounds; and Pyridine, 3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-, (S) was the major compound detected. The overall results of the present study revealed that N. tabacum L extract has high antimicrobial activities against biofilm forming uropathogens. Conclusion: High antimicrobial activity was observed in ethyl acetate extract of N. tabacum against the biofilm forming bacteria whereas the clinically isolated bacteria were the most resistant group. The antibacterial property demonstrated could be due to Pyridine, 3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-(S) with a broad spectrum of activity.

REVERSION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE WITH BETA-LACTAMASE INHIBITOR FROM MEDICINAL PLANTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Sneha Arora ◽  
Shoma Paul Nandi
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Lactamase Inhibitor

  Objective: Screening of medicinal plants for the presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor identified three plants; Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellirica, and Ocimum tenuiflorum, extracts of which inhibit beta-lactamase enzyme in vitro. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare beta-lactamase inhibiting potential of these plant extracts.Methods: Extracts of these plants were prepared with 6 solvents of different polarity. Beta-lactamase inhibition study was performed using antibiotic-resistant bacteria in bioassay and by micro-iodometric assay. Multidrug-resistant clinical strains of Escherichia coli and laboratory strain with plasmid carrying beta-lactamase gene as positive control were used.Results: Our results from bioassay, as well as micro-iodometric assay for enzyme activity, confirmed the presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor in these plant extracts. Among the extracts made by different solvents, hexane and ethyl acetate extract of T. chebula, hexane extract of T. bellirica, and all extracts of O. tenuiflorum except dichloromethane, possessed beta-lactamase inhibitor. Multidrug-resistant clinical isolate of E. coli AIIMS-1 could be reverted by applying 50 μg/μl of extract of all the medicinal plants. The micro-iodometric result showed highest beta-lactamase inhibition with O. tenuiflorum extracts. Comparative evaluation of the O. tenuiflorum extracts with increasing concentration of inhibitor suggests that ethyl acetate extract of O. tenuiflorum contains the highest inhibition potential, which is comparable with clavulanic acid.Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the ethyl acetate extract of O. tenuiflorum contain the highest level of beta-lactamase inhibitor, which in the future can be used as an alternative to synthetic beta-lactamase inhibitors that are presently being used to control beta-lactam antibiotic resistance

scholarly journals Phytochemical Investigation of Nilavembu Kudineer Chooranam Ethyl Acetate Extract and Its Ability to Reduce Intracellular Antioxidant Levels in THP-I Cells

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
P. Kamalarajan ◽  
S. Muthuraman ◽  
M. R. Ganesh ◽  
M. F. Valan
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
In Vitro Assay ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Method ◽  
Antioxidant Ability ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
I Cells

Aims: Nilavembu kudineer chooranam is one of the best polyherbal formulations in Siddha tradition of medicinal practice. This formulation has nine herbs as ingredients. This research article explores the scientific analysis of the therapeutic and phytochemical potential of this herbal formulation. Methodology: In this study, Nilavembu Kudineer Chooranam is extracted with hot ethyl acetate using a Soxhlet apparatus. This study focuses on the pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, physico-chemistry TLC analysis and antioxidant ability of Nilavembu Kudineer chooranam. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) is used to analyze the extract of Nilavembu Kudineer Chooranam to screen for active principles. Antioxidant activity of Nilavembu Kudineer Chooranam was determined using DPPH assay. Gas Chromatogram Mass Spectrometric method (GCMS) was carried out in the ethyl acetate extract of NKC for phytochemical analysis. Results: The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the ethyl acetate extract of Nilavembu Kudineer Chooranam reveals the presence of phytochemicals. The quantitative phytochemical estimations show the presence of 0.082 mg of alkaloid, 5.81 mg of flavanoid, 4.32 mg of tannin and 0.736 mg of phenolics in ethyl acetate extract. The HPTLC analysis confirmed the presence of such phytochemicals that are well known for their medicinal properties. The percentage of moisture content, total Ash, acid-soluble ash, and a water-soluble ash content of NKC were found to be 3.7%, 9.07%,1.66%, and 0.75% respectively. The fluorescence analysis of NKC powder with different chemical reagents revealed the presence of several active principles in the extract. The antioxidant ability of NKC extract was also assessed by FACS analysis using DCFDA assay in THP-I (human monocyte) cells. Conclusion: In this in-vitro assay NKC extract significantly reduced the intracellular antioxidant levels in THP-I cells.  Thus the in-vitro assay further confirmed the antioxidant potential of NKC extract. It is apparent from the above results and discoveries that NKC makes a perfect health drink.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic, Antimicrobial, and Molecular Profiling of Selected Medicinal Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Babita Aryal ◽  
Purushottam Niraula ◽  
Karan Khadayat ◽  
Bikash Adhikari ◽  
Dadhiram Khatri Chhetri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Water Fraction

Natural products have been the center of attraction ever since they were discovered. Among them, plant-based natural products were popular as analgesics, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and cosmetics and possess widespread biotechnological applications. The use of plant products as cosmetics and therapeutics is deep-rooted in Nepalese society. Although there are few ethnobotanical studies conducted, extensive research of these valuable medicinal plants has not been a priority due to the limitation of technology and infrastructure. Here, we selected 4 traditionally used medicinal plants to examine their bioactive properties and their enzyme inhibition potential. α-Glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities were investigated using an in vitro model followed up by antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The present study shows that ethyl acetate fraction of Melastoma melabathrium (IC50 9.1 ± 0.3 µg/mL) and water fraction Acacia catechu (IC50 9.0 ± 0.6 µg/mL) exhibit strong α-glucosidase inhibition. Likewise, the highest α-amylase inhibition was shown by crude extracts of Ficus religiosa (IC50 29.2 ± 1.2 µg/mL) and ethyl acetate fractions of Shorea robusta (IC50 69.3 ± 1.1 µg/mL), and the highest radical scavenging activity was shown by F. religiosa with an IC50 67.4 ± 0.6 µg/mL. Furthermore, to identify the metabolites within the fractions, we employed high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and annotated 17 known metabolites which justify our assumption on activity. Of 4 medicinal plants examined, ethyl acetate fraction of S. robusta, ethyl acetate fraction of M. melabathrium, and water or ethyl acetate fraction of A. catechu extracts illustrated the best activities. With our study, we set up a foundation that provides authentic evidence to the community for use of these traditional plants. The annotated metabolites in this study support earlier experimental evidence towards the inhibition of enzymes. Further study is necessary to explore the clinical efficacy of these secondary molecules, which might be alternatives for the treatment of diabetes and pathogens.

scholarly journals An endophytic Schizophyllum commune Fr. exhibits in-vitro and in-vivo antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Avinash Sharma ◽  
Rajvir Kaur ◽  
Jasleen Kaur ◽  
Saweta Garg ◽  
Rajbir Bhatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Fractional Excretion Of Sodium

AbstractThe present study aimed at isolation of endophytic basidiomycetous fungi and evaluation of their in-vitro and in-vivo antidiabetic potential. Preliminary screening for in-vitro activity was carried out using α-glucosidase inhibition assay. An endophytic isolate Sch1 (isolated from Aloe vera), identified to be Schizophyllum commune Fr. on molecular basis, exhibiting more than 90% α-glucosidase inhibitiory activity was selected for further studies. Detailed in-vivo investigations for antidiabetic potential of ethyl acetate extract of S. commune (Sch1), at two different doses, were carried out in streptozotocin induced diabetic Wistar rats. Treatment of diabetic rats with S. commune extract caused significant decrease in blood glucose level and increase in body weight after 14 days experimental period. It significantly restored renal parameters including creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, fractional excretion of sodium, and potassium level in diabetic rats. Improvement in lipid profile and level of antioxidant parameters viz. reduced glutathione, thiobarbituric acid reactive species, and superoxide anion generation was also observed after treatment. Liver enzymes (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminases, and alkaline phosphatase) homeostasis was found to be markedly improved in diabetic rats administered with S. commune extract. The effects were more pronounced at higher concentration and comparable to acarbose which was used as positive control. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenolics and terpenoids in the ethyl acetate extract. This is the first report highlighting the therapeutic potential of an endophytic S. commune in the management of diabetes.

In vitro Antimicrobial Activities and Cytotoxicity of Ethyl Acetate Extract from Streptomyces maritimus

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Abdul Alim Al-Bar . ◽  
M. Abu Sayeed . ◽  
Alam Khan . ◽  
M. Robiul Islam . ◽  
Proma Khondokar . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities

scholarly journals Evaluation of phytochemical constituents and in vitro antimicrobial activities of leaves extracts of Calotropis procera against certain human pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansurat B. FALANA ◽  
Quadri O. NURUDEEN
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Acetone Hexane

Calotropis procera, a well-known and commonly used plant in Nigeria to treat many infectious diseases, has been documented to possess constituents with proven antimicrobial potentials. The type of solvent used in herbal extraction determines the number of phytoconstituents extracted, therefore it was investigated the effect of some solvents selected based on polarity on the phytoconstituents and antimicrobial efficacy of leaves of C. procera. Phytochemical screening of extracts from leaves of C. procera obtained from five solvents (acetone, hexane, ethylactate, mixture “acetone, hexane, ethyl acetate 50/30/20 v/v/v” and sterile distilled water) was carried out. Disc diffusion assay, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and Minimal Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of the extracts were compared with those of commercial drugs (chloramphenicol, gentamicin and griseofulvin) against Candida albicans, S. aureus ATCC 25923 and E. coli ATCC 25922. Tannins, steroids, alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, terpenoids, proteins, flavonoids, coumarins and anthraquinones were detected in higher numbers in ethyl acetate and sterile distilled water extracts, while the least number of constituents were detected in hexane extracts. A dose- dependent broad spectrum of bacteriostatic/fungistatic and bactericidal activities was produced by the extracts against the tested pathogens. Wider inhibition zone (19.80 mm) was produced at 100 mg/mL concentration by the mixture of solvents and ethylacetate extract, respectively, while the lowest inhibition zone (7.6 mm) was produced by sterile distilled water extract at 25 mg/mL. The present study provided plausible information to corroborate the medicinal value of the investigated plant, as claimed by herbal medicine users.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of in vivo Plant and in vitro Callus Extracts of Centratherum punctatum Cass

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
K. Mercy Madhumitha ◽  
J. Anbumalarmathi ◽  
S. Aruna Sharmili ◽  
G. Nandhini ◽  
G. Shanmuga Priya
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition

The present study aims at comparative study between plant and callus extract, with respect to analysis of phytochemical constituents, antioxidant, antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity properties of Centratherum punctatum using aqueous medium and different solvents such as, methanol and ethyl acetate. In vitro studies in MS media supplemented with BAP 4.5 mg/L + Kn 4.0 mg/L has shown the high callus induction percentage of 92.33% with a maximum callus weight of 1.08 g. The phytochemical analysis of aqueous, methanol and ethyl acetate extract of C. punctatum in vivo plant and in vitro callus showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols and carbohydrates. The aqueous extract of both plant and callus showed the presence of tannins, proteins and steroids whereas the methanol extract showed the presence of tannins, amino acids and terpenoids. The ethyl acetate extract showed terpenoids and protein. FTIR analysis of plant and callus aqueous extract had a maximum characteristic band at 3399.87 cm-1 and 3412.73 cm-1 respectively indicating the presence of N-H stretching. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 11 different compounds in ethyl acetate extracts of plant and the callus extract revealed the presence of 15 different compounds which was absent in the plant extract. Plant extract exhibited maximum total phenol content than callus extract. The in vitro callus extract showed higher DPPH radical scavenging activity with lower inhibition percentage than in vivo plant extract. A maximum zone of inhibition was observed in methanol extract of in vivo plant and in vitro callus (15 mm and 14 mm respectively) against Bacillus subtilis. The ethyl acetate extract of in vivo plant and in vitro callus had a zone of 14 mm and 12 mm against E. coli. A maximum zone of inhibition (12 mm and 11 mm respectively) was observed in both methanol and ethyl acetate of in vivo plant and in vitro callus against Staphylococcus aureus. Antiproliferative analysis revealed that in vivo plant has inhibitory percentage of 23.6 whereas callus exhibited 28.5% against HeLa cells.

Isolation and In vitro Antimicrobial Activities of Ethyl acetate Extract from Streptomyces bangladeshiensis

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Abdul Alim Al-Bari . ◽  
Alam Khan . ◽  
M. Robiul Islam . ◽  
M. Kudrat-E-Zahan . ◽  
M.M. Sazedur Rahman . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities

scholarly journals Secondary metabolite content and in vitro biological effects of Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreb. subsp. chamaepitys

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1195-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Jakovljevic ◽  
Sava Vasic ◽  
Milan Stankovic ◽  
Ljiljana Comic ◽  
Marina Topuzovic
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Total Phenolic

The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and contents of total phenolics and flavonoids of Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreb. subsp. chamaepitys (Lamiaceae) were investigated. Five different extracts from aboveground flowering plant parts were obtained by extraction with water, methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether. The total phenolic content was determined spectrophotometrically using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and expressed as the gallic acid equivalent (mg GA/g of extract). The highest value was obtained in the ethyl acetate extract (57.02 mg GA/g). The concentration of flavonoids, determined using a spectrophotometric method with aluminum chloride and expressed as the rutin equivalent (mg RU/g of extract), was highest in the ethyl acetate extract (91.76 mg RU/g). The antioxidant activity was determined in vitro using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) reagent. The highest antioxidant activity was detected in the acetone extract (SC50 value = 330.52 ?g/mL). In vitro antimicrobial activities were determined using a microdilution method, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum microbicidal concentration (MMC) were determined. The most effective antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus was demonstrated by the acetone extract, with MIC and MMC values of 1.25 mg/mL. Based on the results of this study, A. chamaepitys subsp. chamaepitys could be considered as a valuable source of natural compounds with important biological activities.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Investigation and Evaluation of Anti-Microbial Activities of Some Indigenous Artemisia Spp. of Ethiopia: Rapid Method of Isolation Artemisinin From Artemisia Annua

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seid Mohammed Ebu ◽  
Aman Dekabo ◽  
Tilahun Hailu
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Artemisia Absinthium ◽  
Inhibiting Effect

Abstract Artemisia spp are one of the most important traditional medicinal plants of Ethiopia which are used for the treatment of infection and non-infection health problems. The genus Artemisia (Astraceae) consists of about 500 species worldwide. Previous reports indicated that the different species of Artemisia have a wide array of biological activities including antimalarial, cytotoxic, antihepatotoxic, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activity. In this study, the main aim was to investigate chemical components of Artemisia spp. (A. abyssinica, A. absinthium and A. annua) and evaluate their antimicrobial activities against bacterial strains. The results indicated that the crude extract of these plants were effective against some selected strains of bacterial strains. Here we isolated the well-known antimalarial drug artemisinin (7 mg, 0.004%) from Artemisia annua leaves using a rapid n-hexane fractionation method. The n-hexane extract of A. abyssinica, ethyl acetate extract of A. absinthium and n-hexane of A. annua showed varying degrees of inhibiting effect against bacterial strains such as Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923T, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC13076T, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC1053T, boydii ATCC1233T, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922T, hospital acquired Acinetobacter baumannii. The ethyl acetate extract of Artemisia absinthium (A.abe) showed the maximum inhibiting effect (35 mm) against A. baumannii. The minimum zone of inhibition (< 3 mm) was recorded for test extract of A.ap against Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC1053T. Ethyl acetate extract of Artemisia absinthium (A.abe) was more effective against these selected bacterial strains and the zone of inhibition ranged from 5-35 mm. The minimum inhibition zone (8 mm) was detected against S. typhimurium ATCC 13311T for both A.ac and n-hexane- EtOAc fraction (8:2) of Artemisia abyssinica. The maximum zone of inhibition (25 mm) for fraction (A.ach F4) of Artemisia abyssinica obtained by column chromatography was recorded against S. pyogen ATCC 19615. However, there was no zone of inhibition detected for boydii ATCC1233T due to these test extracts. Significant variations (P = 0.887) were observed between all test extracts of these medicinal plants at 95% of confidence intervals. There is no zone of inhibition or growth for negative control. But, clear zones of inhibition were detected for positive control due to some standard impregnated disks. Based on our results we recommend that various species of Artemisia seem to have great potential for in-depth investigation for various antimicrobial activities that assists the effort in searching for antimicrobial lead compounds.

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