scholarly journals Animal, Human and Robot Attribution: Ontologization of Roma, Romanian and Chinese Groups in an Italian Sample

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Pivetti ◽  
Silvia Di Battista ◽  
Milena Pesole ◽  
Antonella Di Lallo ◽  
Benedetta Ferrone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Chinese Immigrants ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Human Dimension ◽  
Chinese Immigrant ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Mechanistic Approach ◽  
Chinese Group ◽  
Italian Sample

Background: The socio-psychological ontologization approach focuses on the attribution of a different “ontology” to outgroup members, that is the attribution of animal (or natural) attributes to the outgroup, and human (or cultural) attributes to the ingroups. Objectives: This study aims to enrich the ontologization approach in two ways: (1) A theoretical development of the ontologization approach is proposed, by including the attribution of the essence of automata to outgroup members; (2) whether the ontologization process is also verified for the Romanian and Chinese group is investigated, whereas the ontologization process has traditionally focused on the Roma minority. Methods: This study explores the ontologization process of an ingroup member, a Roma, Romanian and Chinese immigrant target via the attribution of a set of six randomly ordered animal, human and robot associates to one of the four targets (N = 269). We tested the idea that devaluation of Chinese immigrants relies on a mechanistic form of ontologization, instead of an animalistic one, such as the case for the Roma and Romanian groups. Results: The study confirms the animalization of Roma and Romanian targets in Italy. Both groups were ontologized by attributing animal-like associates to them and denying human-like associates. The Chinese target was ontologized based on a mechanistic approach as it was attributed a more automata-like dimension than an animal or human dimension. Conclusion: The pattern of the results regarding the association between the Roma and Romanian outgroup and animal-status may have negative consequences for intergroup relations in terms of reduced prosocial and increased antisocial behaviours.

scholarly journals COVID-19 conspiracy theories

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen M. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Group Processes ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Potential Impact

Conspiracy theories started to appear on social media immediately after the first news about COVID-19. Is the virus a hoax? Is it a bioweapon designed in a Chinese laboratory? These conspiracy theories typically have an intergroup flavour, blaming one group for having some involvement in either manufacturing the virus or controlling public opinion about it. In this article, I will discuss why people are attracted to conspiracy theories in general, and why conspiracy theories seem to have flourished during the pandemic. I will discuss what the consequences of these conspiracy theories are for individuals, groups, and societies. I will then discuss some potential strategies for addressing the negative consequences of conspiracy theories. Finally, I will consider some open questions for research regarding COVID-19 conspiracy theories, in particular focusing on the potential impact of these conspiracy theories for group processes and intergroup relations.

More than carrots and sticks: Economic statecraft and coercion in China–Taiwan relations from 2000 to 2019

Politics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 026339572096265
Author(s):  
Christina Lai
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Power Asymmetry ◽  
Economic Statecraft ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Economic Coercion ◽  
Chinese Group ◽  
Level Analysis

China has become one of the most important trading partners for many Asian countries, and Taiwan is at the forefront of China’s economic coercion. It also leads to the following empirical puzzle: When can Beijing’s economic sanctions and incentives achieve their desired outcomes? Why and how do they often fail? Given the power asymmetry between China and Taiwan, how Taiwan resists China’s coercive measures contributes significantly to theoretical development in international relations. Taiwan has responded to Chinese economic pressure by diversifying its trade with and investment in Southeast Asian and South Asian countries to lessen dependence on China. It also securitizes China–Taiwan relations by raising public awareness about over-reliance on China’s market. Taiwan is not only a target of China’s coercion, but an active actor in its own right as well. This article re-evaluates the literature on East Asian politics and economic statecraft. First, it highlights the salience of power asymmetry to the field of economic statecraft. Second, it offers a three-level analysis of when and how China exercised economic coercion and incentives towards Taiwan. Third, it examines how Taiwan addressed Beijing’s sanctions on Chinese group tourists starting in 2016. The final section discusses some conclusions that can be drawn and suggests some avenues for future research.

scholarly journals Acculturation and Insulin Resistance Among US Chinese Immigrant Women

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn Tseng ◽  
Carolyn Y. Fang
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Immigrant Women ◽  
Chinese Immigrants ◽  
Chinese Immigrant ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk ◽  
Chinese Immigrant Women ◽  
Homa Score

<p class="Pa7"><strong>Objective: </strong>Chinese immigrants in the Unit­ed States undergo a transition to increased chronic disease risk commonly attributed to acculturative changes. Longitudinal data to confirm this are lacking. We examined acculturation in relation to insulin resistance in a sample of Chinese immigrant women to determine differences by level of education and possible mediation by anthropometry and diet.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Design: </strong>Longitudinal study.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Setting</strong><em>: </em>Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Participants: </strong>305 Chinese immigrant women recruited October 2005 to April 2008 and followed until April 2010.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Main Outcome Measures</strong><em>: </em>Association of acculturation, measured using the General Ethnicity Questionnaire – American version (GEQA), with homeostasis model assess­ment (HOMA) score as an indicator of insulin resistance, modeled using general­ized estimating equations to account for repeated measures over time.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Results: </strong>GEQA was associated with log HOMA score, but only in women with &lt;9 years of education (beta [SE] = .09 [.04], <em>P</em>=.02; interaction <em>P</em>=.02). The association persisted with adjustment for body mass index, waist circumference, and dietary variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings provide longitudinal evidence that insulin resistance increases with acculturation. However, the association was apparent only in less-edu­cated immigrants and may be mediated by a pathway other than changes in anthropom­etry and diet. <em>Ethn Dis. </em>2015;25(4):443-450; doi:10.18865/ed.25.4.443</p>

Small talk

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Cui
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Chinese Immigrants ◽  
Social Experience ◽  
Chinese Immigrant ◽  
Small Talk ◽  
Beliefs And Values ◽  
Immigrant Professionals ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
Real Challenge

There is growing evidence that social interactions at work with local colleagues present a real challenge for Chinese immigrants to Australia (e.g. Tomazin, 2009; Zhou, Windsor, Coyer, & Theobald, 2010), often leaving them feeling defeated and despairing, and the Australians puzzled or affronted. Seeking to understand the nature, origin, and dynamics of the problem at its sociocultural depth, a study was undertaken to examine the problematic social experience as reported by a group of Chinese immigrant professionals, from both their own and their Australian counterparts’ perspectives. The findings suggest small talk presents professionally qualified Chinese with an acute problem, and this is because the nature and dynamics of small talk are new in their social experience. Taking a sociolinguistic perspective to analyse data comprising Chinese accounts and discussions of problematic incidents and Australian commentary on these, the root of the difficulty has been revealed to lie in mismatches in the deeply held beliefs and values of Chinese and Australians about the nature of personal identity and interpersonal relationships, most pertinently, differences in their belief about how relationships beyond the intimate circle should be best managed. The article will present the findings of the study and the implications they suggest.

A Comparative Study on Parenting of Preschool Children Between the Chinese in China and Chinese Immigrants in the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1262-1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer J. Chen ◽  
Peizhen Sun ◽  
Zuwei Yu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Chinese Immigrants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chinese Immigrant ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Chinese Mothers ◽  
And Gender

The goal of this questionnaire-based study was to compare the relative endorsement of specific parenting patterns among two ethnic Chinese groups rearing preschool children: Chinese parents in China ( N = 117) and first-generation Chinese immigrant parents in the United States ( N = 94). A significant interaction effect was found between country and gender on the nonreasoning/punitive dimension of authoritarian parenting, revealing that Chinese fathers endorsed this pattern more strongly than both Chinese immigrant fathers and Chinese mothers. There was also a significant interaction effect between country and gender on the practice of shaming/love withdrawal, indicating that Chinese fathers espoused this pattern more strongly than Chinese immigrant fathers and Chinese mothers, but Chinese immigrant mothers endorsed it more strongly than Chinese immigrant fathers. Furthermore, it was revealed that Chinese immigrants endorsed beliefs about maternal involvement more strongly than their Chinese counterparts. The results are discussed in the context of cultural and contextual influences.

scholarly journals Chinese Immigrant Academic Librarians' Experiences and Perceptions of Career Advancement in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Hu Sang
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Career Advancement ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Chinese Immigrants ◽  
Professional Life ◽  
Academic Librarians ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Chinese Immigrant ◽  
Important Goal ◽  
Competitive Nature

<p>For many professionals, career advancement is an important goal and part of their professional life. Nevertheless, due to the ever-competitive nature of the workplaces, the prosperity of advancement is limited as the availability of resources and positions are always scarce in any given organization including the library field. Many international studies suggest that job advancement prosperity is generally even more limited for Chinese immigrants as a minority group that work and live in Western countries such as New Zealand, where the host country’s culture, value, and language are very different from those of their own country. This study has been set out to explore Chinese immigrant academic librarians’ experiences and perceptions of career advancement in New Zealand, which is an area that has yet to be studied in this country.</p>

Is Death Taboo for Older Chinese Immigrants?

2020 ◽  
pp. 003022282092788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiguo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
End Of Life Care ◽  
Chinese Immigrants ◽  
Chinese Immigrant ◽  
Life Care ◽  
Medical Assistance ◽  
Medical Assistance In Dying ◽  
Greater Toronto Area ◽  
Older Chinese

Much of the scholarly literature sees death as a taboo topic for Chinese. To test this assumption, this study held seven focus groups in the Greater Toronto Area in 2017. It found that the majority of the older Chinese immigrant participants talked about death freely using either the word death or a euphemism. They talked about various issues including medical treatment and end-of-life care, medical assistance in dying, death preparation, and so on. A small number did not talk about death, but it seemed their reluctance was related to anxiety or discomfort or simply reflected a choice of words. The study concludes death as taboo could be a myth, at least for older Chinese immigrants.

Contextualizing the development of social essentialism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Pauker ◽  
Christine Tai ◽  
Shahana Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Psychological Essentialism

Given the critical role that psychological essentialism is theorized to play in the development of stereotyping and prejudice, researchers have increasingly examined the extent to which and when children essentialize different social categories. We review and integrate the types of contextual and cultural variation that have emerged in the literature on social essentialism. We review variability in the development of social essentialism depending on experimental tasks, participant social group membership, language use, psychological salience of category kinds, exposure to diversity, and cultural norms. We also discuss future directions for research that would help to identify the contexts in which social essentialism is less likely to develop in order to inform interventions that could reduce social essentialism and possible negative consequences for intergroup relations.

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