scholarly journals The Effect of Medical Test to Belief Updating and Willingness to Pay for Health Insurance Premium: Evidences from Laboratory Experiment

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Restiatun Massardi ◽  
Artidiatun Adji ◽  
Rimawan Pradiptyo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Insurance Premium ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Belief Updating ◽  
Medical Tests ◽  
Health Insurance Premium ◽  
Posterior Belief

Purpose: The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of the results of medical tests on three health indicators, i.e. blood pressure, cholesterol level, and blood glucose level, for belief updating and willingness to pay for health insurance. Specifically, this study examined whether individuals update their belief on their health status after being informed the results of their medical tests. This study also investigated whether there is a significant difference between the willingness to pay for the individuals who were informed about the results of their medical tests and of individuals who were not informed about the results of their medical tests. Approach: This study utilizes laboratory experiments. There are two groups in the experiments: the treatment group and the control group. The individuals in the treatment group receive information on the results of the medical tests which cover blood pressure, glucose level and cholesterol level tests. The individuals in the control group do not receive any information. We compare the willingness to pay between the treatment group and the control group. Results: There are significant differences in the value of willingness to pay for health insurance premium based on prior belief (individuals’ belief prior to the medical tests) and on posterior belief (individuals’ belief after the medical tests) between control group and treatment group. Belief updating occurs when there is a difference between prior belief and posterior belief due the presence of an event. Value: This work contributes to the better understanding about the individual decision making on health insurance purchase. Conclusion: The medical tests on blood pressure, cholesterol level, and glucose level significantly affect the willingness to pay for health insurance premium. There are significant changes in individual’s posterior belief due to the information provided by the medical tests. An individual’s willingness to pay for health insurance premium may change due to a change in his or her health status belief.

scholarly journals Government Employees of Bangladesh and their Willingness to Pay for Social Health Insurance

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Soeb Md. Shoayeb Noman
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Social Health Insurance ◽  
Insurance Premium ◽  
Social Health ◽  
Government Employees ◽  
Insurance Scheme ◽  
Health Insurance Premium ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Cost

Determining the health insurance premium is the most important aspect in providing social health insurance. In measuring the rate, it is needed to calculate the cost of providing the service. One possible methodological tool of calculating the cost is the contingent valuation method for the evaluation of the consumers’ capacity and their willingness to pay for the services. This study applied a Logit model, having binary depended variable with follow up dichotomous choice at different premium levels, to estimate the factors associated to joining the social health insurance scheme. The study found that 80.1 percent of the government employees of Bangladesh wants to pay on average 6.69 percent of their basic salary as social health insurance premium. The result shows that younger peoples are less willing to pay while older people are more willing to pay for social health insurance. The study also revealed that the area of residence and no of visit to doctor play a key role in determining the willingness to pay. This study should help the policymakers to formulate and implement the social health insurance scheme in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH PRA LANSIA PRE HIPERTENSI YANG DIBERI JUS TOMAT (Lycopersicum grandifilum)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-158
Author(s):  
Hari Yani Fadillah
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Tomato Juice ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Blood Pressure Treatment ◽  
And Control

The research aims to know the effect of tomato juice on blood pressure in pre-elderly pre hypertension at Posbindu Puskesmas Nusa Indah Bengkulu City.The design of research was a quasi experiment include pre test post test. This population was all patients posbindu aged 45-59 years. Sampling of this research randomized block design of one factorial were 6 samples divided into treatment and control group. The data which have been analyzed using univariate and bivariate. From this research were obtained the results such as the mean of sistole blood pressure before and after intervention in treatment group p = 0,273 and diastole p = 0,27. Mean systole blood pressure control group p = 0.060 and diastole p = 2.14. Distribution of tomato juice (Lycopersicum grandifilum) did not given affect the decrease in blood pressure of systole diastole before and after intervention in pre-elderly pre hypertension. Whereas the difference in mean systole of blood pressure treatment and control group p = 0.935 and diastolic of blood pressure p = 0.678. There ware not difference in mean of blood pressure in the tomato juice treatment group and control of Vitamin C. The result concluded there were not effect of tomato juice (Lycopersicum grandifilum) on systolic of blood pressure in pre-elderly pre hypertension at Posbindu Puskesmas Nusa Indah Bengkulu City.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN JUS CAMPURAN BELIMBING (Averhoa carambola linn) DAN MENTIMUN (Cucumis sativus linn) TERHADAP TEKANAN DARAH PASIEN HIPERTENSI RAWAT JALAN DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH KOTA MATARAM

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Devi Rahma ◽  
Suhaema Suhaema ◽  
Fifi Luthfiyah ◽  
Made Darawati
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Research Result ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Average Blood Pressure

Background. Hypertension can be a risk factor for stroke, coronary heart disease, heart failure and kidney failure and is known as the thesilent killer. The prevalence of hypertension in West Nusa Tenggara Province is 24.3% (Riskesdas, 2013). Medical Record Data of Mataram City Public Hospital, hypertension became the first of the top 10 outpatient diseases in 2015. The only treatment for non-pharmacological hypertension was by increasing fruit and vegetable consumption due to high potassium content. Research Methods. The type of this research is experimentation with Randomized Control Trial (RCT) design with Pretest-Posttest with Control Group design. The number of subjects is 20 people obtained from the formula Lemeshow (1997). Both groups continued to take antihypertensive drugs, but the treatment group was given 250 ml of starfruit juice and cucumber juice for 7 days. The statistical analysis used was the paired t-test and independent t-test. Research Result. The average blood pressure before the study in the treatment group was 150/91 mmHg, in the control group it was 142/83 mmHg. The average blood pressure after the study for the treatment group was 132/81 mmHg, while the control group was 144/81 mmHg. There was a decrease in blood pressure in the treatment group after the intervention was 18 mmHg for systolic (p = 0.000) and 10 mmHg for diastolic (p = 0.004), but there was no decrease in blood pressure both systolic and diastolic in the control group. Conclusion. Giving a mixture of star fruit and cucumber juice affects the decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

scholarly journals Efektifitas Teh Buah Mengkudu Dalam Menurunkan Tekanan Darah Lansia Dengan Hipertensi (Studi di UPTD. Griya Werdha Kota Surabaya Tahun 2018)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Arum Reyan Safitri ◽  
Rita Ismawati
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design

Background: Hypertension is the silent disease which a person will not know if he has increased blood pressure. The incidence rate of hypertension is very high especially in the elderly population over 60 years. Hypertension management can be done in pharmacological ways such as medicines and can use natural ingredients in lowering blood pressure that is by utilizing the noni fruit.Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of Noni fruit tea in lowering elderly blood pressure with hypertensionMethod: This research was quasy experimental throug with Pretest-Postest Control Group Design design. Determination of research sample by using inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sample of the study was 34 respondents divided into two groups. Intervention of Noni fruit tea given as much as 5 gram for 30 days with frequency of giving 2 times a day in the morning and afternoon. Blood pressuremeasurement was performed at the beginning of the study and at the end of the study. Data were analysed using wilcoxon test and Mann Whitney test.Result: Mann Whitney test results showed that there was significant effect after the intervention of noni fruit tea in treatment group compared with control group with systolic blood pressure value (p =0.000171) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.000480) with α = 0.05Conclusions: Blood pressure in the treatment group after the intervention of noni fruit tea decreased blood pressure compared with the control group. It is Suggested of research, need to do periodic nutrition education and giving noni fruit tea as alternative medicine that effectively decrease hypertension, scheduled.ABSTRAKLatar Belakang : Hipertensi merupakan the silent disease dimana seseorang tidak akan mengetahui jika dirinya mengalami peningkatan tekanan darah. Angka insiden hipertensi sangat tinggi terutama pada populasi lanjut usia diatas 60 tahun. Penatalaksaan hipertensi dapat dilakukan dengan cara farmakologis seperti obat-obatan serta dapat menggunakan bahan alami dalam menurunkan tekanan darah yaitu dengan memanfaatkan buah mengkudu.Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efektifitas teh buah mengkudu dalam menurunkan tekanan darah lansia dengan hipertensiMetode : Penelitian ini bersifat quasy eksperimental dengan desain Pretest-Postest Control Group Design. Penentuan sampel penelitian dengan menggunakan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 34 responden yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok. Intervensi teh buah mengkudu diberikan sebanyak 5 gram selama 30 hari dengan frekuensi pemberian 2 kali sehari pada pagi dan sore hari. Pengukuran tekanan darah darah dilakukan pada awal penelitian dan di akhir penelitian. Analisis data penelitian menggunakan uji wilcoxon dan uji Mann Whitney.Hasil : Hasil uji Mann Whitney menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan sesudah intervensi teh buah mengkudu pada kelompok perlakuan dibandingkan kelompok kontrol dengan nilai tekanan darah sistolik (p=0.000171) dan tekanan darah diastolik (p=0,000480) dengan α=0.05Kesimpulan : Tekanan darah pada kelompok perlakuan susudah intervensi teh buah mengkudu mengalami penurunan tekanan darah dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Saran penelitian, perlu dilakukan pendidikan gizi secara berkala dan pemberian teh buah mengkudu sebagai obat alternatif yang efektif menurunkan hipertensi, secara terjadwal.

Nursing Intervention in Decrease of Blood Cholesterol and Blood Pressure in The Lansia Group Provided Cupping Therapy in The Village of Wedomartani Sleman

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1305-1308
Author(s):  
Su warsi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Nursing Intervention ◽  
Cupping Therapy ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Background: Much alternative therapy such as cupping therapy in the community as one of the cheap treatment efforts without side effects makes the challenge and the goal for nursing staff improve nursing services. The unfinished scientific verification of cupping therapy's alternative therapy makes nurses need to prove decreased blood pressure and cholesterol levels in the elderly. Objective: Scientific proof of cholesterol and blood pressure decrease after Cupping Therapy in an elderly group in Wedomartani Village, Sleman Yogyakarta Indonesia. Method: quantitative type with pseudo experimental research design. Pre-test and Post-test nonequivalent control group. The treatment group was given wet cupping therapy, while the control group was given dry cupping. Respondents were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Blood pressure measurement uses a digital tensimeter and cholesterol measurement using a digital blood cholesterol level measuring device. Results: The elderly blood cholesterol levels after the average therapy decreased 42.89 mg/dl, whereas blood cholesterol levels in the control group decreased an average of 20.95 mg/dl. The blood pressure of the elderly systole in the intervention group after the average therapy decreased 10.74 mmHg, whereas the control group's systole blood pressure decreased an average of 1.58 mmHg. Diastole blood pressure in the treatment group decreased 3,48 mmHg, in the diastole blood pressure control group increased 5,26 mmHg. Conclusions: Wet and dry cupping are both significantly associated with decreased blood cholesterol and blood pressure levels, but wet cupping lowers blood cholesterol levels by a mean difference of 21.95 mg/dl and mean systole blood pressure of 3.74 mmHg and pressure diastole blood difference of mean 9.1 mmHg. Keyword: Blood Pressure. Cupping Therapy, Cholesterol, Elderly

Abstract 65: Effects of Immediate Blood Pressure Reduction on Two-Year Mortality and Major Disability in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang He ◽  
Yonghong Zhang ◽  
Tan Xu ◽  
Dali Wang ◽  
Chung-Shiuan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Antihypertensive Treatment ◽  
Blood Pressure Reduction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antihypertensive Medications ◽  
Vascular Events

Although elevated blood pressure (BP) is very common in patients with acute ischemic stroke, the management of hypertension among them remains controversial. We tested the effect of immediate BP reduction on two-year mortality and major disability in acute ischemic stroke patients. The China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke, a randomized, single-blind, blinded end-points trial, was conducted in 4,071 patients with ischemic stroke within 48 hours of onset and elevated systolic BP (SBP). Patients were randomly assigned to receive antihypertensive treatment (n=2,038) or to discontinue all antihypertensive medications (n=2,033) during hospitalization. Post-treatment follow-ups were conducted at 3, 12, and 24 months after hospital discharge. The primary outcome was a composite of death and major disability at the two-year follow-up visit. Mean SBP was reduced by 21.8 in the treatment group and 12.7 mm Hg in the control group within 24 hours after randomization (P<0.001). Mean SBP was 137.3 mm Hg in the treatment group and 146.5 in the control group at day 7 after randomization (P<0.001). At two-year follow-up, study outcomes were obtained in 1945 (95.4%) participants in the treatment group and 1925 (94.7%) in the control group. 78.8% of the patients in the treatment group and 72.6% in the control group reported the use of antihypertensive medications (p<0.001). SBP was 138.8 mmHg in the antihypertensive treatment group and 139.7 in the control group (p=0.02). Among patients in the antihypertensive treatment group, 24.5% (476/1945) died or had a major disability, compared with 22.1% (425/1925) in the control group (odds ratio 1.14 [95% CI 0.99 to 1.33], p=0.078). Hazard ratios for all-cause mortality (1.01 [0.81, 1.25], p=0.95), recurrent stroke (0.91 [0.73, 1.13], p=0.40), and vascular events (0.97 [0.79, 1.19], p=0.76) were not statistically significant comparing the antihypertensive treatment group to the control group. The effect of antihypertensive treatment did not differ by pre-defined subgroups. In conclusion, among patients with acute ischemic stroke, BP reduction with antihypertensive medications during hospitalization did not reduce or increase the composite outcome of death and major disability over two years.

P0152EFFECT OF LOSARTAN ON AMBULATORY SHORT-TERM BLOOD PRESSURE VARIABILITY AND CARDIOVASCULAR REMODELING IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS ON HEMODIALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Azuma
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Cardiovascular Remodeling

Abstract Background and Aims Previous studies have shown increases in ambulatory short-term blood pressure (BP) variability to be related to cardiovascular disease. In this study, we examined whether an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker losartan would improve ambulatory short-term BP variability in hypertensive patients on hemodialysis. Method 40 hypertensive patients on hemodialysis therapy were randomly assigned to the losartan treatment group (n=20) or the control treatment group (n=20). At baseline and 6 and 12 months after the treatment, 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring was performed. Echocardiography and measurements of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and biochemical parameters were also performed before and after therapy. Results After 6- and 12-months of treatment, nighttime short-term BP variability, assessed on the basis of the coefficient of variation of ambulatory BP, was significantly decreased in the losartan group, but remained unchanged in the control group. Compared with the control group, losartan significantly decreased left ventricular mass index (LVMI), baPWV, and the plasma levels of brain natriuretic peptide and advanced glycation end products (AGE). Furthermore, multiple regression analysis showed significant correlations between changes in LVMI and changes in nighttime short-term BP variability, as well as between changes in LVMI and changes in the plasma levels of AGE. Conclusion These results suggest that losartan is beneficial for the suppression of pathological cardiovascular remodeling though its inhibitory effect on ambulatory short-term BP variability during nighttime.

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