scholarly journals Diagnosing Diabetes Mellitus With Glycated Haemoglobin in Newly Diagnosed HIV-positive Patients in Buffalo City Municipality, South Africa: A Cross-sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-268
Author(s):  
Olufunso O. Sogbanmu ◽  
Larry O. Obi ◽  
Daniel T. Goon ◽  
Anthony Okoh ◽  
Benson Iweriebor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: The HbA1c estimates long-term glycaemic control in individuals. However, scanty data exist on the determination of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in newly diagnosed HIV patients using the HbA1c screening tool in the South African context. Thus, this study examines the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in newly diagnosed HIV-positive patients in Buffalo City Municipality, East London, South Africa. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study of 335 newly HIV-diagnosed patients between August 2016 and July 2017. Demographic (age, gender, residence, employment status and level of education) and behavioural variables (smoking and alcohol use (past 30 days)) were by self-reporting. Information on HbA1c and other clinical variables were obtained from the medical records of the patients. Diabetes mellitus was defined based on the Society for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa (SEMDSA) 2017 guideline of HbA1c of above 6.5%. Weight and height were measured using standard protocols. Logistic regression analyses were applied to determine the predictors of abnormal glycated haemoglobin. Results: Majority of the participants were female (72%). The prevalence of patients with HbA1c greater than 6.5% was 6%. The multivariate analysis indicates only age (p=0.031) and race (0.019) significantly shows a correlation to increase the risk of development of DM in newly diagnosed HIV positive patients. The binary logistic regression analysis shows that age (above 46 years) (p=0.001; AOR (6.60); CI (2.08-20.9) was directly related to the development of DM. Conclusion: Consistent with other studies, the exclusive non-fasting HbA1c, which is a marker of glycaemic control, only underestimate glycemia in HIV patients with diabetes in this present study. Notwithstanding, HIV patients who are over 40 years are likely to develop DM. As such, screening older individuals diagnosed with HIV is crucial in offering a timely point of care and interventions.

scholarly journals Cancer in HIV-positive and HIV-negative adolescents and young adults in South Africa: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e043941
Author(s):  
Tafadzwa Dhokotera ◽  
Julia Bohlius ◽  
Matthias Egger ◽  
Adrian Spoerri ◽  
Jabulani Ronnie Ncayiyana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Laboratory Service ◽  
Living With Hiv

ObjectiveTo determine the spectrum of cancers in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) living with and without HIV in South Africa.DesignCross-sectional study with cancer records provided by the National Cancer Registry (NCR) and HIV records from the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS).Setting and participantsThe NHLS is the largest provider of pathology services in the South African public sector. The NCR is a division of the NHLS. We included AYAs (aged 10–24 years) diagnosed with cancer by public health sector laboratories between 2004 and 2014 (n=8479). HIV status was obtained through record linkages and text mining.Primary and secondary outcomesWe determined the spectrum of cancers by HIV status in AYAs. We used multivariable logistic regression to describe the association of cancer in AYAs with HIV, adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity and calendar period. We imputed (post hoc) the HIV status for AYA with unknown HIV status.Results8479 AYAs were diagnosed with cancer, HIV status was known for 45% (n=3812). Of those whose status was known, about half were HIV positive (n=1853). AYAs living with HIV were more likely to have Kaposi’s sarcoma (adjusted OR (aOR) 218, 95% CI 89.9 to 530), cervical cancer (aOR 2.18, 95% CI 1.23 to 3.89), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (aOR 2.12, 95% CI 1.69 to 2.66) and anogenital cancers other than cervix (aOR 2.73, 95% CI 1.27 to 5.86) than AYAs without HIV. About 44% (n=1062) of AYAs with HIV-related cancers had not been tested for HIV.ConclusionsTargeted HIV testing for AYAs diagnosed with cancer, followed by immediate start of antiretroviral therapy, screening for cervical precancer and vaccination against human papilloma virus is needed to decrease cancer burden in AYAs living with HIV in South Africa.

scholarly journals Cancer in HIV-positive and HIV-negative adolescents and young adults in South Africa: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tafadzwa G Dhokotera ◽  
Julia Bohlius ◽  
Matthias Egger ◽  
Adrian Spoerri ◽  
Jabulani Ncayiyana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cancer Data ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Negative

Objective: To determine the spectrum of cancers in AYAs living with HIV in South Africa compared to their HIV negative peers. Design: Cross sectional study with cancer data provided by the National Cancer Registry and HIV data from the National Health Laboratory Service. Setting and participants: The NHLS is the largest provider of pathology services in the South African public sector with an estimated coverage of 80%. The NCR is a division of the NHLS. We included AYAs (aged 10-24 years) diagnosed with cancer by public health sector laboratories between 2004 and 2014 (n=8 479). We included 3 672 in the complete case analysis. Primary and secondary outcomes: We used linked NCR and NHLS data to determine the spectrum of cancers by HIV status in AYAs. We also used multivariable logistic regression to describe the association of cancer in AYAs with HIV, adjusting for age, sex (as appropriate), ethnicity, and calendar period. Due to the large proportion of unknown HIV status we also imputed (post-hoc) the missing HIV status. Results: From 2004-2014, 8 479 AYAs were diagnosed with cancer, HIV status was known for only 45% (n=3812); of those whose status was known, about half were HIV positive (n=1853). AYAs living with HIV were more likely to have Kaposi's sarcoma (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 218, 95% CI 89.9-530), cervical cancer (aOR 2.18, 95% CI 1.23-3.89), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (aOR 2.12, 95% CI 1.69-2.66), and anogenital cancers other than cervix (aOR 2.73, 95% CI 1.27-5.86). About 44% (n=1 062) of AYAs with HIV related cancers had not been tested for HIV, though they were very likely to have the disease. Conclusions: Cancer burden in AYAs living with HIV in South Africa could be reduced by screening young women for cervical cancer and vaccinating them against human papilloma virus (HPV) infection.

scholarly journals The prevalence and clinical characteristics of diabetes mellitus in Chinese inpatients with chronic schizophrenia: a multicenter cross-sectional study

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12553
Author(s):  
Yanni Wang ◽  
Lingyun Zeng ◽  
Lijuan Chen ◽  
Xin Zhou ◽  
Lijuan Huo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is common among patients with schizophrenia. However, information on patients comorbid DM and schizophrenia is limited in China. The present study investigated the prevalence of DM and its clinical characteristics in Chinese inpatients with chronic schizophrenia. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in Chinese inpatients with chronic schizophrenia. Diagnosis of Diabetes was established using World Health Organization diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus (persistent fasting glucose levels ≥ 126 mg/dl or 2-h plasma glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL after a 75-g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test). Patients were also measured height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, triglyceride level, and cholesterol level. Patients’ psychiatric symptoms were measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the associated demographic and clinical variables in chronic schizophrenia. Results A total of 988 inpatients (64.6% male, average age of 47.19 ± 12.55) was recruited. The prevalence of DM in Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia was 13.8% (95% CI [11.6–15.9]%). Logistic regression analysis showed that overweight (OR = 1.90, 95% CI [1.20–3.03], p = 0.006), obesity (OR = 1.85, 95% CI [1.07–3.21], p = 0.028), comorbid hypertension (OR = 2.14, 95% CI [1.34–3.42], p = 0.002), and course of schizophrenia (OR = 1.03, 95% CI [1.01–1.06], p = 0.040) were significantly associated with the DM risk in patients with schizophrenia. Conclusion The findings indicated that diabetes mellitus was non-negligible in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Patients with schizophrenia should be regularly monitored for DM. Overweight/obesity, long duration of schizophrenia, and comorbid hypertension possibly were risk factors for diabetes.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Newly Diagnosed End-Stage Renal Disease Patients in a Tertiary Hospital of Central Nepal, Chitwan: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (233) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhav Ghimire ◽  
Shreeju Vaidya ◽  
Hari Prasad Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Introduction: End-stage renal disease patients are in rising trend globally, and they have been foundto occur predominantly in developing countries. Many studies have been published before, withinand across the countries, to know the clinicodemographic profile of end-stage renal disease patients.However, no such studies were done in Chitwan, Nepal. This study’s main objective was to find theprevalence of newly diagnosed end-stage renal disease patients. Methods: A hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department ofNephrology from May 2016 to April 2019. Convenient sampling was done, and all the consecutivenew end-stage renal disease patients were included in the study. The ethical approval was takenfrom the Institutional Review Committee (reference number. 2016/COMSTH/IRC/042). Theprevalence and demographic profile of new end-stage renal disease patients were studied. The datawere analyzed with appropriate statistical tools. Results: A total of 250 new end-stage renal disease patients were found among 2200 admittedpatients. The prevalence of new end-stage renal disease was found to be 250 (11.36%). Out of 250patients, males were 156 (62.4%), and females were 94 (37.6%). The mean age was 49.6±15.5 years. Thecommonest cause of the incident end-stage renal disease was Type 2 Diabetes mellitus 89 (35.6%). Conclusions: The prevalence of new end-stage renal disease was found to be quite high. Thecommonest cause of the incident end-stage renal disease was Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

scholarly journals Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) Related Common Risk Factors and Recurrence among Pregnant Patients: A Multifactorial Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Saira Tasneem ◽  
Sanum Kashif
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Risk Factors

Objective: To determine the frequency of newly diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and common associated factors in recurrent GDM. Study Design: Cross sectional. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology unit A of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar from 27th July 2016 to 27th Jan 2017. Materials and Methods: 336 women meeting the eligibility criteria (18-45 years, of any gestational age with gestational diabetes mellitus history and diagnosed as recurrent gestational diabetes) were included in the study. All patients who were labeled as a case of recurrent gestational diabetes was further investigated for any risk factor associated with its recurrence. Results: The recurrence of Gestational Diabetes was observed in 99 (29.46%) patients, in which 77% of patients had family history positive. Conclusion: Keeping in view the recurrence of gestational diabetes proper screening and medical care for GDM in women during the childbearing years is highly recommended.

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