scholarly journals Association between Awareness on Antibiotic Resistance and Antibiotic Misuse Among Saudi University Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 545-554
Author(s):  
Ahmed Yousef Bu-Khamsin ◽  
Eduardo Fabella ◽  
Ali Habib Al Abdullah ◽  
Murtadha Radhi Albather ◽  
Yasser Taher Al-Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
University Students ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Survey Responses

Background: Saudi Arabia has the highest prevalence of resistant pathogens in the Gulf Region, with a rapid increase in antibiotic resistance seen in recent years. Misuse is common despite laws prohibiting dispensing antibiotics without prescription. This study was conducted to determine the association between awareness of antibiotic resistance and antibiotic misuse among Saudi university students. Specifically, it aimed to determine the proportion of university students who were aware of antibiotic resistance, the proportion of university students who were aware that antibiotic resistance is a public health problem, the prevalence of antibiotic misuse among university students, and the association between awareness and antibiotic misuse. Methods: The study utilized an analytic cross-sectional design. By using a self-administrated survey, responses on awareness of antibiotic resistance as well as antibiotic use among bachelor students were obtained. Two-stage stratified cluster sampling was conducted to select the required 825 participants. Epi Info® version 7 was used to estimate the proportion of students who were aware of antibiotic resistance as well as the proportion of students who misused antibiotics. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between awareness of antibiotic resistance and antibiotic use. Results: Over 75% of university students were aware of antibiotic resistance (95% CI: 72.09% - 77.98%), while 54.67% (95% CI: 51.26% - 58.03%) were aware that antibiotic resistance is a public health problem. Nearly 67% misused antibiotics (95% CI: 63.63% - 70.04%) with failure to follow the prescribed number of days of antibiotic therapy and using leftover antibiotics as the most common forms of misuse. Students who were aware of antibiotic resistance were 27.96% less likely to misuse antibiotics (OR = 0.7204, p = 0.0642). Those who were aware that antibiotic resistance is a public health problem were 51.32% less likely to misuse antibiotics (OR = 0.4868, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Awareness of antibiotic resistance is associated with lower antibiotic misuse. Education campaigns on the consequences of inappropriate antibiotic use and the development of antibiotic resistance should be intensified.

scholarly journals Factors associated with anemia among children 6-59 months in Ethiopia, using Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey data, 2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ataklity Gebretsadik Woldegebreal ◽  
Gebremedhin Gebregziabiher Gebrehiwot ◽  
Abraham Aregay Desta ◽  
Kiros Fenta Ajemu ◽  
Asfawosen Aregay Berhe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
National Level ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Abstract BackgroundAnemia is the most common nutritional problem and a wide spread micronutrient deficiency disorder even at global scale. In Ethiopia, child hood anemia is the most prevalent and a serious public health problem. The aim of this study is to assess determinants of anemia among children 6–59 months in Ethiopia, Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey, 2016.MethodThis study was based on the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey (EDHS).A community-based cross-sectional with a two-stage stratified cluster sampling technique was implemented at national level. Total of 7689 children were included in the analysis. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed.ResultThe prevalence of anemia among 6–59 months old children was 56.6% and highest among 6–11 months age groups. Child age 6–23 months, maternal age 20–29 and 30–39 years, poorest wealth index, mothers not currently living with husband, Birth order of the child eighth and, birth interval, one times, stunted children and underweight were significantly associated with anemiaConclusionsThe prevalence of anemia in this study was the highest from all EDHS reports. Itwas skyrocketed from the preceding report (EDHS 2011) and remains the main public health problem in Ethiopia. Comprehensive intervention strategies should be in place tailored to different government hierarchies (national, regional and district level) including household and individual level interventions for combating child hood anemia by giving an emphasis on the identified variables.

scholarly journals Burnout Among Formal Caregivers and Risk of Violence Against Institutionalized Elderly

2020 ◽  
pp. 247-262
Author(s):  
Susana Valido ◽  
Ermelinda do Carmo Caldeira ◽  
Felismina Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Institutionalized Elderly ◽  
Formal Caregivers

Sociodemographic changes occurring in past decades are reflected as increased population aging, resulting in a higher need to institutionalize elderly. Violence against elderly is a relevant public health problem. The aims of the present cross-sectional exploratory and descriptive study with a quantitative approach were to analyze burnout among formal caregivers at institutions for elderly and to assess the risk of violence against institutionalized elderly. As a part of project ESACA—Envelhecer com Segurança no Alentejo (Prevenir as Quedas e a Violência sobre Idosos)—Compreender para Agir (Aging Safely in Alentejo [Preventing Falls and Violence against Elderly]), the present study analyzed 34 formal caregivers from three institutions that provide care to elderly in the Evora district, Portugal. No situations involving violence against institutionalized elderly were detected. Most participants (96.3%) did not exhibit burnout, although they did report feeling physically and emotionally tired.

scholarly journals Prevalence ofSchistosoma mansoniInfection in Four Health Areas of Kisantu Health Zone, Democratic Republic of the Congo

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Khonde Kumbu ◽  
K. Mbanzulu Makola ◽  
Lu Bin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Health Zone

Background. Schistosomiasis is a public health problem in Democratic Republic of the Congo but estimates of its prevalence vary widely. The aim of this study was to determine prevalence ofSchistosoma mansoniinfection and associated risk factors among children in 4 health areas of Kisantu health zone.Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 4 health areas of Kisantu health zone. 388 children randomly selected were screened forS. mansoniusing Kato Katz technique and the sociodemographic data was collected. Data were entered and encoded using software EpiData version 3.1. Analysis was performed using SPSS version 21 software.Results. The prevalence ofS. mansoniwas 26.5% (103); almost two-thirds (63) (61.2%) had light infection intensity. A significant association was found betweenS. mansoniinfection and age (p=0.005), educational level (p=0.001), and practices of swimming/bathing (p<0.001) and using water from river/lake/stream for domestic use (p<0.001). Kipasa health area had high prevalence of schistosomiasis (64.6%) (64/99; 95% CI 54.4–74.0) compared to other health areas.Conclusion.Schistosoma mansoniinfection still remains a public health problem in these areas. There is a need to promote health education and promote behavioral changes in children towards schistosomiasis.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude, and practices on disposal methods of expired and unused medicines among students in public academic institutions in Lusaka, Zambia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 774
Author(s):  
Martin Kampamba ◽  
Trevor Cheela ◽  
Christabel Nang’andu Hikaambo ◽  
Steward Mudenda ◽  
Kennedy Saini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Take Back ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Expired Medicines

Background: Unsafe disposal of unused and expired household medicines is a public health problem and mostly occur because of a lack of knowledge towards suitable medicine disposal methods. Thus, we aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices on the disposal methods of unused and expired medicines among students in public academic institutions in Lusaka, Zambia.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which 385 students from three higher learning academic institutions were interviewed face to face using a structured questionnaire from 10th May to 24th June 2019. The cleaned data was then transferred to statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 25.0 for analysis.Results: The mean age of the participants was 23 (SD±2.9). Out of the 385 participants, 215 (55.8%) did not know much about medical waste and 345 (89.6%) of them did not have any previous information regarding proper and safe disposal of unused and expired medicine. However, 351 (91.4%) of the participants appropriately responded that unsafe disposal of unused and expired medicine poses a threat to human health and can harm the environment. Throwing unused and expired medicine in household garbage/bin was the most frequently used disposal practice followed by flushing them in toilet/sink as responded by 231 (60.0%) and 128 (33.3%) of participants respectively. Only 17 (4.42%) reported returning unused and expired medicines to the nearest pharmacy.  Conclusions: The majority of the study participants used unsafe methods to dispose of unused and expired medicine. However, most of the participants acknowledged that unsafe disposal of unused and expired medicines is a public health problem and proposed the need to introduce drug take-back programs in the communities.  

scholarly journals Old therapies, new science

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Thomas V Riley
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Pharmaceutical Company ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
New Science

With the emergence of antibiotic resistance as a major public health problem and the apparent decline in pharmaceutical company drive to produce new antimicrobials, there has been an increase in interest in revisiting remedies and agents once popular before the advent of the antibiotic era.

scholarly journals Utilization of vitamin A supplementation services in high priority districts of Bihar

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 667
Author(s):  
Nivedita Sinha ◽  
Rajesh R. Sinha ◽  
Ajay Krishna ◽  
Rashmi Singh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Ultimate Outcome

Background: Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a major preventable public health problem. Prevalence of VAD in preschool children was 5.7% (India), and 4.5% (Bihar). India is implementing biannual Vitamin A Supplementation (VAS) since 2007 along with 80 other countries. VAS was originally proposed as a short term measure, followed by dietary improvement. Since vulnerability to VAD is more in high priority districts (HPDs), it was deemed worthwhile to study the extent to which VAS programme is utilized in the 10 HPDs of Bihar with respect to the processes involved and the ultimate outcome of empowering the community with knowledge and capacity to combat VAD on their own.Methods: Cross sectional observational study conducted in 6 randomly selected blocks and 5 session sites per block of the 10 HPDs. 300 sites sampled for processes and 893 caregivers interviewed for their knowledge.Results: Out of 300 sites, 269 sites found functional, 30.85% sites had due lists and 30.11% had MCP cards; 20.44% had adequate VA. IEC displayed at 52.78% and 71.3% sessions conducted in shade. In 79.55% sites efforts made to determine age of child before administration. Correct use of recommended spoon known to 80.66%, benefits of VA to 76.57% and diseases due to VAD to 81.7% of FLWs. Knowledge regarding VA good in 33.4% of caregivers, average in 35.5%, and poor in 30.9%.Conclusions: Crucial gaps found in necessary inputs and conduct of VAS. Community knowledge found lacking for sustainable programme withdrawal. Better programme management will improve utilization. 

scholarly journals Anemia among HIV Infected Children on Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy in Wolaita Zone, South Ethiopia: a facility based cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mesay Lema Geleta ◽  
Fithamlak Bisetegn Solomon ◽  
Efrata Girma Tufa ◽  
Fekadu Elias Sadamo ◽  
Samson Kastro
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
South Ethiopia ◽  
Highly Active

Abstract Background Anemia is a global public health problem and most of the HIV positive people become anemic at some point in the course of the disease. We lack adequate evidence on the magnitude of anemia among children on highly active anti retroviral therapy in Ethiopia and particularly in South Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed at determining the proportion and associated factors of anemia among children on highly active anti retroviral therapy in Wolaita zone, South Ethiopia.Method a facility based cross-sectional study has been conducted from November to December 2018 on 256 children 6 months to 14 years of age who were on Anti retroviral therapy. Data were collected through an interview with caregivers and review of medical records. CD4+ cell count was analyzed using FACS caliber and Hemoglobin level was measured with Hem cue 301 analyzer. Stool sample was examined for presence of intestinal parasites by direct wet mount technique. Data analyzed with Stata version 14.0 were conveyed in mean and standard deviation of the mean, median and inter-quartile range. Multivariate analysis was carried out to identify independent predictors of the outcome variable. Adjusted Odds Ratio with 95% confidence interval was reported.Results The magnitude of anemia was found to be 38.8%. Taking Co-trimoxazole antibiotic prophylaxis (AOR=.45; 95% CI: .21, .95), caregivers’ not receiving nutritional counseling (AOR=09; 95% CI: .01, .98) and presence of intestinal parasites (AOR=3.10; 95% CI: 1.39, 6.88) were associated with anemia.Conclusion The magnitude of anemia obtained in this study is a moderate public health problem. Health education programs in Anti Retroviral Therapy clinics should be targeted at appropriate dietary practice, and appropriate hand washing and other hygienic practices to prevent intestinal parasitic infections. Co-trimoxazole prophylaxis should give given to all eligible children based on the recommendation.

scholarly journals Seropositivity of syphilis among individuals screened in a tertiary hospital in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Nahid H. O. Wanni ◽  
Reem Al Dossary ◽  
Obeid E. Obeid ◽  
Nourah Hasan Al Qahtani ◽  
Zaheenul Islam Siddiqui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Curative Therapy ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

BACKGROUND: Sexually transmitted infections are a serious public health problem. Syphilis, a multistage, curable chronic disease caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum , remains a major health problem worldwide. The disease re-emerged in the era of HIV in many countries despite the accessibility of curative therapy and continuing public health efforts to eliminate it. OBJECTIVE: Analyse the seropositivity for syphilis. DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional. SETTING: Tertiary hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied individuals who underwent screening tests for syphilis between January 2014 and December 2018. The samples that were positive by both screening and confirmatory tests were considered as confirmed positive for syphilis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Syphilis positivity identified by chemiluminescence immunoassay, the rapid plasma reagin test, and specific antibodies against Treponema pallidum . SAMPLE SIZE: 11 832. RESULTS: Of the 11 832, 54 (0.45%) were confirmed as seropositive for syphilis. Thirty-three (61.1%) were non-Saudi; 21 (38.9%) were Saudis. Thirty (55.6%) cases were males. Twenty-two (40.74%) were married and 29 (53.70%) were unmarried. Of the 54 diagnosed as syphilis positive, 28 (51.9%) were expatriate workers screened for pre-employment. The percentage of syphilis among Saudis was 0.36%. In an overall chi-square analysis, a P <.0001 indicated a difference among nationalities in the frequency of syphilis. A post-hoc analysis showed that Somalians ( P =.004) and Sudanese ( P =.005) differed significantly from other nationalities. CONCLUSION: The study showed that syphilis was low among the screened population. More than half of the syphilis positive cases in this study were household employees. Screening for syphilis assists in planning complementary services for target populations and improves syphilis control. LIMITATIONS: Retrospective design. Hospital-based findings may not be representative of the seroprevalence of syphilis in the general population. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.

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