Cheliped abnormality and embryonic development of commercially important portunid crab Portunus sanguinolentus (L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 5097
Author(s):  
Bilal Ahmad Bhat ◽  
Mushtaq Ahmed Parray* ◽  
Sartaj Ahmad Allayie ◽  
Ravichandran S.
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Yolk Granules ◽  
Golden Yellow ◽  
Portunid Crab ◽  
Undifferentiated Cells ◽  
Deep Yellow ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Egg Diameter ◽  
Yellowish Orange

In the present study an attempt was made to study the cheliped abnormalty of commercially important crab, Portunus sanguinolentus. The newly spawned eggs were round and golden yellow in colour. The undeveloped and mass of undifferentiated cells were also found in the berry. The yolk granules were denser. The cleavage and gastrulation were not clear. The diameter of the freshly laid egg was 0.34mm. The multicell eggs were round, deep yellow or yellowish orange in colour. The space between the egg wall and the inner developing embryo was visible. The diameter of the egg was 0.41mm. The eye stage eggs were round and orange in colour. The yolk granules were not denser. The egg diameter was 0.48mm. The pigment stage eggs were brown in colour. The egg diameter was 0.57 mm. The diameter of the egg was 0.64 mm. In prehatching stage the rate of heartbeat was increased and the chromatophores were also found increased throughout the body. The diameter of the egg was 0.73mm. Hence in the present study both the embryonic as well abnormality of cheliped was under taken in to the consideration.

scholarly journals Reproductive biology, embryonic development and matrotrophy in the phylactolaemate bryozoan Plumatella casmiana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Bibermair ◽  
Andrew N. Ostrovsky ◽  
Andreas Wanninger ◽  
Thomas Schwaha
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
The Body ◽  
Transcellular Transport ◽  
Cell Contacts ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Distal Side ◽  
Early Embryos ◽  
Mesoderm Formation ◽  
Cytoplasmic Processes

AbstractBryozoa is a phylum of aquatic, colonial suspension-feeders within the Lophotrochozoa. In the Phylactolaemata embryonic development occurs in an internal brood sac on the body wall accompanied by extraembryonic nutrition. Owing to previous contradictive descriptions, many aspects of their sexual reproduction require restudy. Consequently, this study analyses embryogenesis of the freshwater bryozoan Plumatella casmiana by serial sections, 3D reconstruction and transmission electron microscopy. Early embryos cleave and soon develop into blastulae with a small central cavity. The mesoderm forms by delamination starting from the distal side towards the proximal end. In later embryos two polypides form on the posterior side that ultimately will be covered by a ciliated mantle in the larva. Embryos increase in size during development and form temporary cell contacts to the embryo sac. Mesodermal cells of the embryo sac show signs of transcellular transport indicating that embryos are nourished by transferring nutrients from the maternal coelom towards the brood cavity. This study clarifies several details such as mesoderm formation and the onset of bud development. Embryos are connected to their respective embryo sacs by a variety of temporary cytoplasmic processes formed by both tissues during embryogenesis, including a ‘placental’ ring zone. Although ultrastructural data of these cell contacts are not entirely conclusive about their function, we suggest that embryos absorb nutrients via the entire surface. The close opposition of embryos to the embryo sac implies placentation as matrotrophic mode in phylactolaemate bryozoans, with embryo sacs acting as placental analogues.

scholarly journals Sex Ratio, Fecundity and Morphometry of the Eggs of Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium Americanum (Bate, 1868) in the Petatlán River, Sinaloa, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Genaro Diarte-Plata ◽  
Ruth Escamilla-Montes ◽  
Salvador Granados-Alcantar ◽  
Antonio Luna-González
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Potential Model ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Freshwater Prawn ◽  
Spherical Form ◽  
Relative Fecundity ◽  
Egg Diameter

Abstract Macrobrachium americanum has a high commercial value with good fishing and cultivation possibilities in Mexico. Currently there is little information on reproductive aspects so the present work analyzed the sex ratio, fecundity and morphometry of the eggs of M. americanum in the Petatlán River, Sinaloa, Mexico. A total of 31 ovigerous females were captured. The sex ratio was 0.39 F: 1 M. The partial fecundity (Pf) varied from 34, 554 to 342, 372 eggs (128, 246 ± 12, 306 eggs, average Pf). The relationships between body and length-fecundity (R2= 0.5546), cephalothorax and length-fecundity (R2= 0.4995) were adjusted to a linear model, and the total weight-fecundity to a potential model (R2= 0.5013). The average relative fecundity was 37, 132 ± 5, 162 eggs/g. A total of 7 stages of embryonic development were observed. In the first stages, the egg presents a spherical form and in the latter an ovoid shape. Maximum egg diameter values are presented in stages VII, VI and VIII. Stage II provided the largest number of eggs (1, 013, 073 eggs). It is essential to optimize the exploitation of the population of M. americanum present in the Petatlán River through the creation of scientific bases for the sustainability of the fishery.

scholarly journals AN AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE W.S.R TO SHAKHASHRITA KAMALA - A CASE STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2870-2876
Author(s):  
Samata Samata ◽  
Shaila Borannavar ◽  
Ananta S Desai
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Liver Disease ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Chief Complaints ◽  
Excessive Consumption ◽  
Bilateral Lower Limb ◽  
Deep Yellow

Alcoholic liver disease is a pathological condition of the liver parenchymal tissue due to excessive consumption of alcohol over a long period of 6-10 years or even earlier. Here in we present a case of a married male of 35 yr. old reported in the Panchakarma OPD of SJIIM Government Ayurveda Medical College Bengaluru on 30th -Jan- 2021, with chief complaints of swelling in the bilateral lower limbs, deep yellowish and burning micturition, yel- lowish discoloration of sclera, reduced appetite, nausea and generalized weakness in the body since 3 months, with the increased level of LFT and USG-abdomen report suggesting hepatomegaly with fatty changes, was ex- amined and diagnosed as alcoholic liver disease and treated with Amapachana with Trikatu Churna, Nitya Virechana with Chitraka Haritaki Leha fallowed by Mustadi Yapana Basti had shown a very good improvement in normalizing appetite, bilateral lower limb swelling and deep yellow micturition. Total bilirubin, SGOT and ALP values were reduced. Keywords: Alcoholic Liver disease, Shakhashrita Kamala, Nitya Virechana

Evidence of male germ cell redifferentiation into female germ cells in planarian regeneration

Development ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
V. Gremigni ◽  
M. Nigro ◽  
I. Puccinelli
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diploid Male ◽  
Female Gonad ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Male Germ Cells ◽  
Blastema Formation ◽  
Planarian Regeneration ◽  
Undifferentiated Cells

The source and fate of blastema cells are important and still unresolved problems in planarian regeneration. In the present investigation we have attempted to obtain new evidence of cell dedifferentiation-redifferentiation by using a polyploid biotype of Dugesia lugubris s.1. This biotype is provided with a natural karyological marker which allows the discrimination of triploid embryonic and somatic cells from diploid male germ cells and from hexaploid female germ cells. Thanks to this cell mosaic we previously demonstrated that male germ cells take part in blastema formation and are then capable of redifferentiating into somatic cells. In the present investigation sexually mature specimens were transected behind the ovaries and the posterior stumps containing testes were allowed to regenerate the anterior portion of the body. Along with the usual hexaploid oocytes, a small percentage (3.2%) of tetraploid oocytes were produced from regenerated specimens provided with new ovaries. By contrast only hexaploid oocytes were produced from control untransected specimens. The tetraploid oocytes are interpreted as original diploid male germ cells which following the transection take part in blastema formation and then during regeneration redifferentiate into female germ cells thus doubling their chromosome number as usual for undifferentiated cells entering the female gonad in this biotype.

scholarly journals THE ORIGIN OF MONOCYTES IN CERTAIN LYMPH NODES AND THEIR GENETIC RELATION TO OTHER CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS

1930 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude E. Forkner
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Peripheral Lymph ◽  
Undifferentiated Cells

1. The theories for the origin of monocytes from myeloblasts, lymphocytes, endothelium, macrophages, and primitive cells are reviewed and considered. 2. Monocytes in all stages of development have been demonstrated to be present constantly in large numbers in all the lymph nodes of the body, except in the large mesenteric group. 3. The relations of these cells to undifferentiated cells, lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells, and endothelium are described. 4. The origin of adult monocytes from primitive undifferentiated cells through the stages of monoblasts and pre-monocytes is described and illustrated. 5. The demonstration in certain lymph nodes of innumerable monocytes in all stages of development permits of a shifting of the term "monoblast" from a more or less theoretical name to its proper place as a term designating that particular cell which is derived from a primitive undifferentiated cell and which is the immediate precursor of the pre-monocyte. 6. The term "pre-monocyte" is proposed to designate the intermediate stage between the monoblast and the mature monocyte. 7. Evidence is advanced to show that monocytes are an independent strain of cells, but that under physiological conditions they may be transformed into macrophages, this representing at least one way in which the latter cells normally are produced. 8. In no organs or tissues other than in certain specific lymph nodes, chiefly the peripheral group, can one constantly find monocytes in all stages of development. 9. Developing monocytes occasionally may be found in small numbers in the spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, Peyer's patches, subcutaneous connective tissues, lungs, and omenta of normal rabbits, but their presence is by no means constant and their numbers are insignificant in comparison with those found in the peripheral lymph nodes. 10. Monocytes and pre-monocytes do not stain by the common methods used for the demonstration of the reticulo-endothelial system and therefore must be considered for the present as independent of this system, except in so far as monocytes may be transformed into macrophages. 11. Plasma cells, stained with the supravital technique, as seen in lymph nodes, are described. No basis has been found for the theory that plasma cells and monocytes are closely related structural elements.

Common Molecular Pathways for Patterning of the Body Axis, Limbs, Central Nervous System, and Face during Embryonic Development

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 525-527
Author(s):  
Claudio D. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Axis ◽  
Recombinant Dna Technology ◽  
The Face ◽  
Single Cell Type

Many congenital anomalies affecting the face are known to appear as syndromes or associations, in combination with other defects. Often, these involve the limbs, eyes, central nervous system, and body axis. A general, and understandable, tendency among clinical researchers has been to seek a single cell type or definable embryologic process on which to ascribe the etiologic basis for such associations. The possibility of a gene, or group of genes, under coordinate control has not received much attention until recently. With the advent of recombinant DNA technology and the current explosion in basic research on the molecular bases of embryonic development, however, several possibilities are beginning to emerge. Here, I will list a few genes whose expression during development suggests that the molecules they encode are used as part of a coordinate molecular pathway, and that they play a role in the development of systems that often appear together in congenital associations or syndromes.

Embryonic development of muscle patterns in the body wall of the grasshopper

1992 ◽  
Vol 201 (5) ◽  
pp. 301-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fukang Xie ◽  
Thomas Meier ◽  
Heinrich Reichert
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
The Body

scholarly journals Characidium xanthopterum (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Crenuchidae): a new species from the Central Brazilian Plateau

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz G. G. Silveira ◽  
Francisco Langeani ◽  
Weferson J. da Graça ◽  
Carla S. Pavanelli ◽  
Paulo A. Buckup
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ontogenetic Change ◽  
Yellow Coloration ◽  
Deep Yellow ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

Characidium xanthopterum is described from tributaries of the upper rio Paraná and upper rio Tocantins basins, in the Central Brazilian Plateau, Goiás State, Brazil. The new species is diagnosed among congeners by the absence of dark bars on the sides of the body in adult specimens, and by the deep yellow coloration in all fins. Ontogenetic change of color pattern is recorded for the first time for Characidium species. Specimens smaller than 32 mm SL possess dark bars on body. These bars disappear with growth between 32 and 35 mm SL, and are always absent in individuals larger than 35 mm SL.

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