Effect of Extraction Solvent and Technique on the Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activity of Thebu (Costus Speciosus (j. Koenig) Sm) Rhizome

In this paper, a study on the influence of extraction solvent on the active principles content of purslane - Portulaca oleracea extracts was performed. For the study were used both fresh and dried plants, chopped by plant chopping machine. The following extracts were obtained and analysed in the solvent systems mentioned below: (fresh) purslane extract in Ethanol 30%, (dry) purslane extract in Ethanol 30%; (fresh) purslane extract in EtOH 70%, (dry) purslane extract in EtOH 70%; (fresh) purslane extract in propylene glycol 20%, (dry) purslane extract in propylene glycol 20%; (fresh) purslane extract in PG 100%, (dry) purslane extract in PG 100%; (fresh) purslane extract in glycerine 20%, (dry) purslane extract in glycerine 20%; (fresh) purslane extract in R glycerine, (dry) purslane extract in R glycerine; purslane hydro-alcoholic glycerine extract. The results obtained in the study performed on purslane extracts in different solvents show that the capitalization of purslane can become very profitable and with beneficial effects on economy in our country, both in terms of food and as medicinal plant.

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The Role of Plant-Derived Compounds in Managing Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Literature from 2014 To 2019

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867328999201123194510 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

Author(s):

Heba A.S. El-Nashar ◽

Nada M. Mostafa ◽

Mohamed El-Shazly ◽

Omayma A. Eldahshan

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Glycogen Synthase ◽

Direct Action ◽

Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽

Natural Compounds ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 ◽

Glut4 Expression ◽

Sensitizing Effect

Background:: Diabetes mellitus (DM) represents a global health problem characterized by hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin secretion or failure of insulin activity. There is an imperative need for the discovery of alternative therapeutic agents that overcome the drawbacks of the current synthetic antidiabetic drugs. Objectives:: This review critically summarizes the reports on the known and novel natural compounds including alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins with a potent antidiabetic activity that were recently published from 2014 to 2019. We discussed the underlying mechanisms of action that put these compounds in the category of effective antidiabetic candidates. Methods: Information was obtained from Google Scholar, Scirus, PubMed, and Science Direct. Discussion and Conclusion:: The reported natural compounds showed promising antidiabetic activity through different mechanisms such as the inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, insulin-sensitizing effect, direct action on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), GLUT4 expression, insulin receptor substrate- 1 (IRS-1) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) as well as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme. Some compounds inhibited the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Other compounds prevented the risk of diabetic complications such as cardiovascular diseases, retinopathy, and nephropathy. This review provides a critical overview of the most recent discoveries of antidiabetic agents from natural sources. This overview could help researchers to focus on the most prominent candidates aiming to develop new drug leads.

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Novel Phytochemical Constituents and their Potential to Manage Diabetes

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612826666201222154159 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

Author(s):

Shaik Ibrahim Khalivulla ◽

Arifullah Mohammed ◽

Kokkanti Mallikarjuna

Keyword(s):

Natural Products ◽

Large Population ◽

World Health ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

Therapeutic Drug ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Chemical Structures

Background: Diabetes is a chronic disease affecting a large population worldwide and stands as one of the major global health challenges to be tackled. According to World Health Organization, about 400 million are having diabetes worldwide and it is the seventh leading cause of deaths in 2016. Plant based natural products had been in use from ancient time as ethnomedicine for the treatment of several diseases including diabetes. As a result of that, there are several reports on plant based natural products displaying antidiabetic activity. In the current review, such antidiabetic potential compounds reported from all plant sources along with their chemical structures are collected, presented and discussed. This kind of reports are essential to pool the available information to one source followed by statistical analysis and screening to check the efficacy of all known compounds in a comparative sense. This kind of analysis can give rise to few numbers of potential compounds from hundreds, whom can further be screened through in vitro and in vivo studies, and human trails leading to the drug development. Methods: Phytochemicals along with their potential antidiabetic property were classified according to their basic chemical skeleton. The chemical structures of all the compounds with antidiabetic activities were elucidated in the present review. In addition to this, the distribution and their other remarkable pharmacological activities of each species is also included. Results: The scrutiny of literature led to identification of 44 plants with antidiabetic compounds (70) and other pharmacological activities. For the sake of information, the distribution of each species in the world is given. Many plant derivatives may exert antidiabetic properties by improving or mimicking the insulin production or action. Different classes of compounds including sulfur compounds (1-4), alkaloids (5-11), phenolic compounds (12-17), tannins (18-23), phenylpropanoids (24-27), xanthanoids (28-31), amino acid (32), stilbenoid (33), benzofuran (34), coumarin (35), flavonoids (36-49) and terpenoids (50-70) were found to be active potential compounds for antidiabetic activity. Of the 70 listed compounds, majorly 17 compounds are from triterpenoids, 13 flavonoids and 7 are from alkaloids. Among all the 44 plant species, maximum number (7) of compounds are reported from Lagerstroemia speciosa followed by Momordica charantia (6) and S. oblonga with 5 compounds. Conclusion: This is the first paper to summarize the established chemical structures of phytochemicals that have been successfully screened for antidiabetic potential and their mechanisms of inhibition. The reported compounds could be considered as potential lead molecules for the treatment of type-2 diabetes. Further, molecular and clinical trials are required to select and establish the therapeutic drug candidates.

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Development of Novel Glitazones as Antidiabetic Agents: Molecular Design, Synthesis, Evaluation of Glucose Uptake Activity and SAR Studies

Letters in Drug Design & Discovery ◽

10.2174/1570180816666191105124535 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (7) ◽

pp. 840-849

Author(s):

Mahendra Gowdru Srinivas ◽

Prabitha Prabhakaran ◽

Subhankar Probhat Mandal ◽

Yuvaraj Sivamani ◽

Pranesh Guddur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Uptake ◽

Molecular Design ◽

Docking Studies ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

Design Synthesis ◽

In Silico Docking ◽

Ppar Γ ◽

Sar Studies ◽

Structure Activity ◽

Uptake Activity

Background: Thiazolidinediones and its bioisostere, namely, rhodanines have become ubiquitous class of heterocyclic compounds in drug design and discovery. In the present study, as part of molecular design, a series of novel glitazones that are feasible to synthesize in our laboratory were subjected to docking studies against PPAR-γ receptor for their selection. Methods and Results: As part of the synthesis of selected twelve glitazones, the core moiety, pyridine incorporated rhodanine was synthesized via dithiocarbamate. Later, a series of glitazones were prepared via Knovenageal condensation. In silico docking studies were performed against PPARγ protein (2PRG). The titled compounds were investigated for their cytotoxic activity against 3T3-L1 cells to identify the cytotoxicity window of the glitazones. Further, within the cytotoxicity window, glitazones were screened for glucose uptake activity against L6 cells to assess their possible antidiabetic activity. Conclusion: Based on the glucose uptake results, structure activity relationships are drawn for the title compounds.

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2,4-Dichloro-5-[(N-aryl/alkyl)sulfamoyl]benzoic Acid Derivatives: In Vitro Antidiabetic Activity, Molecular Modeling and In silico ADMET Screening

Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1573406414666180924164327 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 186-195 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Samridhi Thakral ◽

Vikramjeet Singh

Keyword(s):

Molecular Docking ◽

Benzoic Acid ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

In Silico ◽

Computational Study ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Benzoic Acid Derivatives ◽

In Silico Admet ◽

Inhibitory Potential

Background: Postprandial hyperglycemia can be reduced by inhibiting major carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes, such as α-glucosidase and α-amylase which is an effective approach in both preventing and treating diabetes. Objective: The aim of this study was to synthesize a series of 2,4-dichloro-5-[(N-aryl/alkyl)sulfamoyl] benzoic acid derivatives and evaluate α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activity along with molecular docking and in silico ADMET property analysis. Method: Chlorosulfonation of 2,4-dichloro benzoic acid followed by reaction with corresponding anilines/amines yielded 2,4-dichloro-5-[(N-aryl/alkyl)sulfamoyl]benzoic acid derivatives. For evaluating their antidiabetic potential α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory assays were carried out. In silico molecular docking studies of these compounds were performed with respect to these enzymes and a computational study was also carried out to predict the drug-likeness and ADMET properties of the title compounds. Results: Compound 3c (2,4-dichloro-5-[(2-nitrophenyl)sulfamoyl]benzoic acid) was found to be highly active having 3 fold inhibitory potential against α-amylase and 5 times inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase in comparison to standard drug acarbose. Conclusion: Most of the synthesized compounds were highly potent or equipotent to standard drug acarbose for inhibitory potential against α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzyme and hence this may indicate their antidiabetic activity. The docking study revealed that these compounds interact with active site of enzyme through hydrogen bonding and different pi interactions.

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Antidiabetic Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Ficus glomerata (L.) Roots

Current Bioactive Compounds ◽

10.2174/1573407215666190401151405 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 33-41

Author(s):

Mohini C. Upadhye ◽

Uday Deokate ◽

Rohini Pujari ◽

Vishnu Thakare

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

Control Group ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Ficus Glomerata

Background: Ficus glomerata (F. glomerata) Linn. Family Moraceace is a large tree found all over India including outer Himalayan ranges, Punjab, Chota Nagpur, Bihar, Orissa, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Deccan and also as a common plant in South India. It is planted around the home and temples. It is cultivated throughout the year, distributed in evergreen forests and moist localities. Objective: The Ethanolic Extract of roots of F. Glomerata (EEFG) belonging to the family Moraceace, was investigated for its antidiabetic activity using alloxan induced diabetic rats. Methods: Thirty rats were divided into 5 groups having 6 rats in each group. The alloxan was administered to the rats of all groups except normal control group through intraperitoneal route at a concentration of 140mg/kg body weight. A dose of 100mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight of EEFG was administered to alloxan induced diabetic rats. The administration of the extract was lasted for 11 days. Effectiveness of the extract on glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and high density lipoprotein and protein concentrations was analyzed. Results: Significant (p<0.05) reduction in the levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride of the diabetic rats was observed after treatment with ethanolic extract. After subjecting to oral glucose tolerance test EEFG also showed significant improvement in glucose tolerance. Conclusion: F. glomerata root ethanolic extract showed that it possesses antidiabetic effect and can be found useful for the management of diabetes mellitus.

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