IONIC STRENGTH OF WESTERN WATERS COMPARED TO STANDARD TOXICITY TEST WATERS AND DISCUSSION OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS ON BIOTA FROM NATURAL WATER QUALITY IN WESTERN STREAMS

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 (10) ◽  
pp. 617-642
Author(s):  
Nicole Rowan ◽  
Stephen Canton ◽  
Henry Latimer ◽  
Roger Olsen ◽  
Ed Curley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Standard Toxicity Test

On methodological approaches to the improvement of surface water bodies and target indicators of the natural waters’ quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
V. Zaslonovsky ◽  
◽  
N. Sharapov ◽  
M. Bosov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Surface Water Bodies ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Natural Water Bodies

The paper is devoted to the development of proposals concerning the improvement of surface water bodies and the appointment of target indicators of the natural waters’ quality. The paper considers a variety of problems of preserving, restoring and improving the quality of natural surface waters: from regional features of the formation of natural water composition, to differences in the requirements for the quality of water consumed. The object of the study is the qualitative indicators of the waters of natural water bodies, and the subject of the study is the methodological approaches to the normalization of these indicators. The purpose of the work is to identify the main shortcomings in the domestic system of rationing the quality of natural waters, and to form appropriate proposals. For this purpose, the following tasks were set and solved: to review the methodological approaches to assessing and rationing the quality of natural waters used in some foreign countries and in the Russian Federation, to identify the main causes and shortcomings; to make proposals for improving the current system of water quality rationing. The result of this work is the conclusions about the lack of impact of the strategy operating in Russia in the development of schemes of complex use and protection of water objects, standards of permissible impact on water bodies, the appointment of permissible discharge limits in terms of maintaining and improving the water quality of natural water bodies. The reasons that led to this are indicated. The necessity of taking into account, in addition to the physical and chemical composition, also hydrobiological parameters is shown. It is concluded that instead of fisheries management standards, environmental standards should serve as the basis for target indicators of water quality of natural water bodies, which determine the well-being of humans and the stable functioning of aquatic ecosystems, taking into account regional factors. Proposals were made to adjust the methodological approaches to the implementation of this strategy. According to the authors, these proposals will speed up the solution of the main objectives of the strategy – the ecological improvement of water bodies, the preservation of unique aquatic ecosystems and the environmentally safe development of territories that previously experienced relatively small anthropogenic impacts (Eastern Siberia and the Far East)

scholarly journals Aesthetic issues for drinking water

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (S1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea M. Dietrich
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Drinking Waters

Although many people expect their drinking water to be “flavorless”, natural and processed drinking waters have flavors due to minerals and organics in the natural water, inputs from any step of water processing or transport, and interaction of these chemicals with an individuals' nose and mouth. Since people can detect the flavor of water, the idea has been proposed that drinking water consumers be considered as sentinels who monitor water quality. This paper explores specific sensory components of drinking water, how humans perceive their drinking water, and future directions for aesthetic research that can better explain causes of and treatments for tastes and odors in drinking water and the human factors that make water a desirable beverage.

Predicting Attainable Water Quality Using the Ecoregional Approach

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Schonter ◽  
Vladimir Novotny
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Surface Form ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Background Water Quality

To more adequately protect receiving water bodies, government policy is leading toward adaptation of integrated management approaches that protect the integrity of the ecosystem as a whole. Approaching natural water quality is a goal of integrated water resource management. Ecoregions represent geographical areas of relatively similar land surface form, mineral availability, natural vegetation and land uses, and therefore, represent areas of relatively similar background water quality. Water quality at relatively unimpacted reference locations is representative of regional natural water quality and may be reasonably extrapolated to other similar locations within the ecoregion. These concepts were applied to the Southeastern Wisconsin Till Plains ecoregion and the Milwaukee River, Wisconsin.

An ecosystem modelling approach for deriving water quality criteria

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. De Laender ◽  
K.A.C. De Schamphelaere ◽  
C.R. Janssen ◽  
P.A. Vanrolleghem
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Water Quality Criteria ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Ecosystem Modelling ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Modelling Approach

Ecological effects of chemicals on ecosystems are the result of direct effects of the chemical, determined in single-species toxicity testing, and indirect effects due to ecological interactions between species. Current experimental methods to account for such interactions are expensive. Hence, mathematical models of ecosystems have been proposed as an alternative. The use of these models often requires extensive calibration, which hampers their use as a general tool in ecological effect assessments. Here we present a novel ecosystem modelling approach which assesses effects of chemicals on ecosystems by integrating single-species toxicity test results and ecological interactions, without the need for calibration on case-specific data. The methodology is validated by comparing predicted ecological effects of copper in a freshwater planktonic ecosystem with an experimental ecosystem data set. Two main effects reflected by this data set (a decrease of cladocerans and an increase of small phytoplankton) which were unpredictable from single-species toxicity test results alone, were predicted accurately by the developed model. Effects on populations which don't interact directly with other populations, were predicted equally well by single-species toxicity test results as by the ecosystem model. The small amount of required data and the high predictive capacity can make this ecosystem modelling approach an efficient tool in water quality criteria derivation for chemicals.

Prediction of breakthrough of pesticides in GAC-filters and breakthrough of colour in ion-exchange-filters

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.G.J. Heijman ◽  
W. Siegers ◽  
R. Sterk ◽  
R. Hopman
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Independent Experiment ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Adsorption Parameters ◽  
Exchange Resins

Adsorption columns are widely used in drinking water treatment to improve a number of water quality parameters. Granular activated carbon filtration (GAC) can be used to decrease the concentration of DOC, colour, taste, odour and pesticides. Columns filled with ion-exchange resins are used to remove colour, nitrate and DOC. The regeneration frequency of these types of filters depends strongly on the natural water quality. Especially the DOC-concentration and DOC-composition determines the efficiency of the processes. Because pilot-plant experiments with realistic contact-times will last for more than a year (for GAC) there is a need for a prediction of breakthrough based on shorter and less expensive laboratory experiments. The available models are not accurate enough because the exact parameters are not available. In batch experiments with natural water, with realistic (low) pesticide concentrations and the full grain size of the adsorbent the adsorption parameters are measured in an independent experiment. With the parameters obtained with these experiments an accurate prediction of the breakthrough curve is possible. With the same parameters predictions of breakthrough curves are calculated under different process conditions. The possibilities of process optimisation can reduce the investment costs for new full-scale plants.

scholarly journals Implications of water hardness in ecotoxicological assessments for water quality regulatory purposes: a case study with the aquatic snail Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818)

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
EC Oliveira-Filho ◽  
NR Caixeta ◽  
NCS Simplício ◽  
SR Sousa ◽  
TP Aragão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Biomphalaria Glabrata ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Freshwater Snail ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Testing Medium ◽  
Different Levels

Water hardness is a property depending on the presence of alkaline earth metals, mainly calcium and magnesium. Among the strategies for water quality monitoring, ecotoxicological assays are performed to minimize impacts and classify water bodies. For these laboratory evaluations parameters are previously defined in the guidelines, including water hardness for both cultivation and testing medium. The present work was performed to evaluate the effects of different levels of water hardness on the survival and reproduction of the freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata and discuss the influence of natural water hardness on the results of ecotoxicological tests with these environmental samples. Comparing the groups it was possible to observe that those maintained in waters with least hardness had lower reproductive success, while the groups maintained in highest hardness showed better reproduction. These data show that waters with low hardness make the reproduction of the snail B. glabrata unfeasible, and this reveal a problem for ecotoxicity assays using natural water samples.

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