scholarly journals COFFEE CERTIFICATION PARTICIPATION AND ITS IMPACT ON SMALLHOLDER FARMERS’ INCOME IN JIMMA ZONE, SOUTHWESTERN ETHIOPIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 87-102
Author(s):  
Yadeta Bekele Bekere ◽  
Guta Regasa Megersa
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Southwestern Ethiopia ◽  
The Impact

Certification is an instrument to add value to a product, and it addresses a growing worldwide demand for healthier and more socially and environmentally friendly products. Globally, coffee certification has received strong recognition as it is proved to increase smallholder farmers’ access to input and output markets, production, productivity and income. This study investigates the major determinants of coffee certification participation. It also analyzes the welfare gains of participation in the certification schemes by smallholder coffee growers. Both primary and secondary data were used. Primary data were collected from randomly selected 247 coffee producers. Structured questionnaires, focus group discussions and key informant interviews were employed to collect the primary data. Descriptive statistics and econometric models were used for data analysis. Probit model was used to identify factors affecting participation in coffee certification schemes. Propensity score matching technique was used to estimate the impact of coffee certification participation on smallholders’ annual revenue from coffee production. The probit model result revealed that access to training, family size, land size owned, experience in coffee production, education status were significantly determined the smallholders farmers’ participation decision in coffee certification. The propensity score matching model result also shows that participation in coffee certification significantly (p=0.001) improved farmers’ annual revenue by 2,902 Ethiopian birr compared to selling coffee without the certification schemes. This income impact is mainly attributed to the premium price the certification offer to farmers for high quality coffee. Therefore, policies or projects related to coffee value chains should target improving farmers’ access to training, boosting the access to education, working on farmers’ productivity and increasing their technical knowhow on coffee certification to increase farmers’ participation in coffee certification and to improve their annual revenue earning level in the study area.

scholarly journals Adoption of improved agricultural technology and its impact on household income: a propensity score matching estimation in eastern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muluken G. Wordofa ◽  
Jemal Y. Hassen ◽  
Getachew S. Endris ◽  
Chanyalew S. Aweke ◽  
Dereje K. Moges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Agricultural Technology ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Adoption of improved agricultural technologies remains to be a promising strategy to achieve food security and poverty reduction in many developing countries. However, there are limited rigorous impact evaluations on the contributions of such technologies on household welfare. This paper investigates the impact of improved agricultural technology use on farm household income in eastern Ethiopia. Methods Primary data for the study was obtained from a random sample of 248 rural households, 119 of which are improved technology users and the rest are non-users. The research employed the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) procedure to establish the causal relationship between adoption of improved crop and livestock technologies and changes in farm income. Results Results from the econometric analysis show that households using improved agricultural technologies had, on average, 23,031.28 Birr (Birr is the official currency of Ethiopia. The exchange rate according to the National Bank of Ethiopia (NBE) was 1 USD = 27.6017 Birr on 04 October 2018.) higher annual farm income compared to those households not using such technologies. Our findings highlight the importance of promoting multiple and complementary agricultural technologies among rural smallholders. Conclusions We suggest that rural technology generation, dissemination and adoption interventions be strengthened. Moreover, the linkage among research, extension, universities and farmers needs to be enhanced through facilitating a multistakeholders innovation platforms.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MICROFINANCE ON SMALLHOLDER FARMERS’ LIVELIHOOD IN RWANDA: A CASE STUDY OF NYAMAGABE DISTRICT

AGROFOR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eularie MUTAMULIZA ◽  
Edouard MUSABANGANJI
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Nearest Neighbor Matching ◽  
The Government

Microfinance in Rwanda is considered as one of the most crucial mechanisms in the implementation of the Government program to reduce poverty and to increase economic growth. However, despite the effort made by the Government of Rwanda to put in place microfinance institutions in rural areas, little is known about the effects of microfinance on smallholder farmers’ income in Nyamagabe District of Rwanda. This study aimed at examining the contribution of microfinance services to the income of smallholder farmers in Nyamagabe District. Primary data were collected from 240 respondents randomly selected in 3 sectors of Nyamagabe District using structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to describe the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents and Propensity Score Matching was used to assess the effect of microfinance on smallholder farmers’ livelihood. The results from descriptive statistics showing that 117 respondents were participants in microfinance services and 123 were nonparticipants and more men were committed to participate and to access microfinance services than women. Results from Propensity Score Matching Model using both Kernel Based Matching and Nearest Neighbor Matching showed that the households participating in microfinance services increased their total annual income by 256,674 Rwandan francs and 228,246 Rwandan francs more than non-participants, respectively. The study recommended that smallholder farmers should be encouraged to participate in microfinance services to increase their income and agricultural productivity. The use of SACCOs and microfinance services needs to be promoted in order to provide an instrument for mobilizing savings and extending credit.

Impact of Improved Agricultural Technology Use on Household Income in Eastern Ethiopia: Empirical Evidence from a Propensity Score Matching Estimation

2021 ◽  
pp. 232102492110076
Author(s):  
Muluken G. Wordofa ◽  
Jemal Y. Hassen ◽  
Getachew S. Endris ◽  
Chanyalew S. Aweke ◽  
Dereje K. Moges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Agricultural Technology ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
The Impact

This article investigates the impact of improved agricultural technology use on farm household income in eastern Ethiopia. Primary data for the study were obtained from a random sample of 248 rural households, 119 of which are improved technology users and the rest are non-users. The research employed the propensity score matching procedure to establish the causal relationship between adoption of improved crop and livestock technologies and changes in farm income. Results from the econometric analysis show that households using improved agricultural technologies had, on average, 23,031.28 Birr1 higher annual farm income compared to those households not using such technologies. Our findings highlight the importance of promoting multiple and complementary agricultural technologies among rural smallholders. Therefore, we suggest that rural technology generation, dissemination and adoption interventions be strengthened. Moreover, the linkage among research, extension, universities and farmers needs to be enhanced through facilitating multistakeholder innovation platforms.

scholarly journals Does microcredit use helps farmers win battle against food insecurity: evidence from Jimma zone of Southwest Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanuel Berhanu ◽  
Abayineh Amare ◽  
Birki Gurmessa ◽  
Yadeta Bekele ◽  
Tamiru Chalchisa
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Jimma Zone ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Lack of access to credit precludes smallholder farmers from making investment that generates greater level of income, consumption and wealth. To reverse this limit, Oromia Credit and Saving Share Company has been providing microcredit for rural households for the last two decades in the study area. Yet, there is limited knowledge on the impact of this microcredit service on rural household food security in Jimma zone. Therefore, this research aims at generating location-specific data on the impact of microcredit utilization on household food security in the study area. A multistage sampling procedure was employed to select 360 sample households. Data were generated through household survey, focus group discussion and key informant interview. Both descriptive and econometric data analysis techniques (binary logit model and Propensity score matching) were used. Results The results reveal that educational level, family size; land size and non/off-farm income of the households influenced microcredit utilization positively, whereas livestock ownership and farm income negatively influenced it. The analysis of food security status indicate that large proportion of households are food secure. The Propensity score matching result expose that microcredit utilization has generated a positive and significant impact on household food security. Conclusions Efforts towards scaling out services of microcredit institutions should target improving financial literacy of the rural poor and their current financial need on the basis of other resources such as land and livestock they owned with the ultimate goal of ensuring household food security. It is also imperative to realize the labour force capacity of the households in the process of expanding credit service.

scholarly journals Impact of MAPs on improving the socio-economic situation of rural families in Kosovo

2021 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Lindita Ibishi ◽  
Arben Musliu
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Rural Families ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Gross Income ◽  
The Impact

he medicinal and aromatic plants sector is considered a very important sector for the economy of Kosovo since it can provide employment, income, and export growth. Based on this, we assess the impact of the subsidy schemes from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Rural Development (MAFRD) using a propensity score matching improving the farmers' gross income. The main purpose of the study was to assess whether subsidy schemes have an impact on the farmer's gross income by using a propensity score matching model to match beneficiaries to non-beneficiaries. Results showed that beneficiaries of subsidy schemes make 3,682.09 Euros more per year than non-beneficiaries (95% confidence interval 2,349.9 Euros to 5,012.90 Euros). Using logistic regression, we found that subsidy schemes, market prices, and reductions of unfair competition are the three most important factors affecting farmers' decisions to collect and cultivate MAPs.

scholarly journals (Factors Affecting the Selection of the Saudi Consumer for Commercial Centers in Najran City (Saudi Arabia: العوامل المؤثرة على اختيار المستهلك السعودي للمراكز التجارية في مدينة نجران (المملكة العربية السعودية)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
   Mohamed El Amin Mahmoud Mohamed - Rami Osama El Ali
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Choice ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Family ◽  
Statistical Hypotheses ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

This study aimed to identify factors that affecting on Saudi consumer choice for shopping malls in Najran city. The study problem was determining those factors that drive Saudi consumer to shopping in those malls. The Statistical hypotheses that examined the impact of the following factors on consumer choice to shopping malls in najran were formulated: mall environment, the products offered at the mall, the price, the promotion, the location of the mall, mall employees, the family atmosphere and entertainment. To get the results, this study used descriptive analytical approach according to primary data that collected through questionnaire tool and secondary data that collected from books and scientific articles related to the subject. The study reached that there is significant statistical impact of the following variables: mall environment, verity of products, products prices. Promotion, mall place, mall employee’s services, and family atmosphere and entertainments on consumer choice to shopping malls in Najran. The more important recommendations of the study are the shopping malls must pay attention to provide some entertainment for customers of all ages with a view to attract them to the shopping malls.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON WHEAT PRODUCTION IN NAWALPARASI (B.S.W) DISTRICT, NEPAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Bibhor Gauli ◽  
Mahesh Karki ◽  
Diwas Poudel ◽  
Susan Poudel ◽  
Apil Chhetri
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Adoption Of Technology ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Sources

Survey research was conducted in Nawalparasi (B.S.W) district to assess farmers’ perception on climate change and the impact of climate change in wheat production. The survey was conducted in four municipalities (rural municipality). A total of 83 respondents were involved in this study. The primary data were collected through survey questionnaire, direct observation, focus group discussion, whereas secondary data on wheat area, production and productivity from different sources were also collected. The majority of the respondents (90.4%) perceived about climate change while 9.4% respondents were not aware about climate change. Furthermore, out of the respondents mentioning changes in temperature, rainfall duration, rainfall amount, dew and winter monsoon around 95.2%, 91.9%, 92.4%, 94% and 90.3% of them opinionated that there were changes in wheat production because of these factors respectively. Moreover, t-test and probit model analysis showed that there was great impact of climate change in wheat production and impact is increasing yearly in Nawalparsi(B.S.W) district. So, Government and policymakers should focus on climate resilient adaptation strategies formulation for crop cultivation through intensive research and extension packages. Adoption of technology to reduce the impact of climate change should be encouraged to gain optimum wheat production.

scholarly journals Impacts of Agricultural Cooperatives on Farmers’ Revenues in Cambodia: A Case Study of Tram Kak District, Takeo Province

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sereynithia Hun ◽  
Shoichi Ito ◽  
Hiroshi Isoda ◽  
Yuichiro Amekawa
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Government ◽  
Takeo Province ◽  
The Impact

Agricultural cooperatives in Cambodia have been promoted with the aim of increasing agricultural production and farmers’ revenues. The objectives of this study are to identify factors influencing farmers’ decision on membership in agricultural cooperatives, and to assess the impact of being a member in those cooperatives on farmers’ revenues from paddy, livestock and farm. Cross-sectional data from interviews of 242 households in Tram Kak District, Takeo Province were used. The probit model and propensity score matching were employed to achieve the objectives. The results show that farmers who sold their paddy and had been contacted by extension workers from the government agency and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are more likely to join the cooperatives while male-headed household farmers and farmers who have high off-farm income are less likely to become members of the cooperatives. Moreover, the results of propensity score matching reveal that agricultural cooperatives have no impact on paddy yields and paddy revenue due to the fact that agricultural cooperatives do not provide sufficient training to their members, and members did not actively attend those trainings provided. Also, the cooperatives have failed to provide members better prices for their paddy. There are positive impacts on their livestock and farm revenues through increasing livestock and other crop production when agricultural cooperatives provide livestock and other crop training to their members. However, there is no impact on non-members if they join the cooperatives as they have higher off-farm income, less paddy land size and fewer laborers that are not favorable to taking on other farming activities.

scholarly journals Value Chain Analysis of Sesame the Case of Bench Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
pp. 226-236
Author(s):  
Engida Gebre ◽  
Kusse Haile ◽  
Agegnehu Workye
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Value Chain Analysis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Southwestern Ethiopia ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Chain Analysis ◽  
Major Factors

This study was analyzed value chain analysis of sesame in Bench Maji Zone of Southwestern, Ethiopia. It was specifically aimed to address the research gaps by, identifying the major value chain actors and mapping the value chain, and identifying major factors affecting market outlet choices of sesame producers in Meinit Goldya and Guraferda Districts. For addressing these objectives the study used both primary and secondary data obtained from field survey and desk review. Multistage random sampling technique was used to draw 270 sesame producers. Descriptive statistics and econometric method of data analysis were used to analyze the data. The major value chain actors for sesame marketing in the districts were producers, wholesalers, rural collector, cooperatives, broker/commission agents, retailers, local consumers, ECX, exporters and non-governmental organizations. The multivariate probit model results indicated that Years of experiences, Coop membership, household size, Education level, Land under sesame, Quantity supply, participating in training and distance to nearest market significantly influenced sesame producer’s choice of market outlet. Depending on results of this study recommend that strengthening farmers sesame cooperative and enhancing the financial capacity of cooperative, improving accessibility of Transport services and developing infrastructure, improving farmers’ knowledge through adult education as well as their experience sharing with other sesame producing farmers, improving productivity through strengthening supportive institutions(extension service provider) motivating sesame producing farm household to participate different training. Therefore, those important socioeconomic and institutional factors which are mentioned above must take into account to improve the productivity of sesame in the study area.

Bantuan Hukum Cuma-Cuma Bagi Tersangka yang Tidak Mampu Pada Tingkat Penyidikan

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rio Saputra ◽  
Mokhammad Najih
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Legal Aid ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Legal Structure ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
Study Techniques ◽  
The Right

<p><em>Suspects have the right to obtain legal assistance, especially for suspects who are classified as economically disadvantaged in accordance with Article 56 of the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP). The facts show that there are many irregularities in the implementation of legal aid, therefore it is necessary to know about the implementation of free legal aid for suspects who are incapacitated at the level of investigation and the factors that become obstacles in the implementation of legal aid. This legal research is an empirical legal research and this research is descriptive in nature. The data used are primary data and secondary data. The techniques used to collect data were document study techniques and interview techniques. Inhibiting factors affecting the implementation of free legal aid for suspects who are unable at the level of investigation can be classified and differentiated into 3 factors, namely, legal substance, legal structure, and legal culture).</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>Legal Aid, Criminal Cases</em></p>

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