scholarly journals A Review of Microplastics Risk Assessment in the Coastal Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1422-1427
Author(s):  
Balakrishnan Balasubramaniyan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Coastal Environment ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Combined Toxicity ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Important Test ◽  
Toxicity Effects

Pollution from microplastics has recently become a prevalent threat to the ecosystem. Microplastics with a dimension less than or equal to 5 mm are smaller. There are many ways that microplastics can reach the atmosphere. By various mechanisms, the breakdown of macro plastics will happen. Chemical degradation, tire abrasion, is the most common forms of degradation. Microplastics (MPs) pollution in the coastal and marine ecosystem is currently a global problem. Transferring MPs from land to sea and allowing them to enter the food chain has a direct negative impact on marine life and human health. The combined toxicity effects of MicroPlastics (MPs) and other contaminants in marine environments, as well as their toxicity effects and mechanisms based on a variety of environmentally important test organisms, were also covered in this study.

scholarly journals SOCIALIZATION OF CORAL REEF SUSTAINABILITY IN PARI CAY, SERIBU ISLANDS

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Firman Herdiansyah ◽  
Ali Jambak ◽  
Dewi Syavitri ◽  
Surya Darma Hafiz
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Coastal Environment ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Reef Area ◽  
Significant Growth ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
Coral Reef Area

<p>Pari Cay was known as one of significant growth of coral reef area for marine ecosystem. Pari Cay belongs to the Seribu Islands which is located in the Jakarta Bay. The islands are formed from the assemblage of marine biota assemblage. Coral reefs are a comfortable environment for the life of various underwater biota which must be preserved and protected from damage and extinction. Fish catches of fishers in Jakarta Bay are strongly influenced by the preserved of the surrounding coral reefs. The reduced number of coral reefs will reduce the catch of fishermen's fish. Through this socialization is expected that citizens can take part and participate in preserving the marine and coastal environment, especially Pari Cay coral reefs. The increasing participation of the surrounding inhabitant in marine life sustainability is expected to improve the livelihoods of the communities both from fishing and tourism. The society enthusiasm of the Pari Island with this socialization at least can find out the desire of the Pari Island Citizens to preserve the coral reefs. These a continuation of the previous socialization and changes in the awareness of the Pari Island Citizens to preserving coral reefs have been look significant.</p><p> </p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Predicting the potential distribution of the vase tunicate Ciona intestinalis in Canadian waters: informing a risk assessment

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 788-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Therriault ◽  
Leif-Matthias Herborg
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Potential Distribution ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Ciona Intestinalis ◽  
Environmental Niche ◽  
Environmental Models ◽  
Introduced Range ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Therriault, T. W., and Herborg, L-M. 2008. Predicting the potential distribution of the vase tunicate Ciona intestinalis in Canadian waters: informing a risk assessment. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 788–794. A crucial step in characterizing the potential risk posed by non-native species is determining whether a potential invader can establish in the introduced range and what its potential distribution could be. To this end, various environmental models ranging from simple to complex have been applied to predict the potential distribution of an invader, with varying levels of success. Recently, in marine waters, tunicates have received much attention, largely because of their negative impacts on shellfish aquaculture. One of these species is the vase tunicate Ciona intestinalis, which recently has had a negative impact on aquaculture operations in Atlantic Canada and could pose a risk in Pacific Canada. To inform the risk assessment of this species, we evaluated two different types of environmental model. Simple models based on reported temperature or salinity tolerances were relatively uninformative, because almost all waters were deemed suitable. In contrast, a more complex genetic algorithm for rule-set prediction (GARP) environmental niche model, based on documented Canadian occurrence points, provided informative projections of the potential distribution in Canadian waters. In addition to informing risk assessments, these predictions can be used to focus monitoring activities, particularly towards vectors that could transport C. intestinalis to these favourable environments.

Chironomids: suitable test organisms for risk assessment investigations on the potential endocrine disrupting properties of pesticides

Ecotoxicology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verena Taenzler ◽  
Eric Bruns ◽  
Michael Dorgerloh ◽  
Verena Pfeifle ◽  
Lennart Weltje
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Suitable Test ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Test Organisms

Primary risk assessment of dimethyldithiocarbamate, a dithiocarbamate fungicide metabolite, based on their probabilistic concentrations in a coastal environment

Chemosphere ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 225-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Hano ◽  
Katsutoshi Ito ◽  
Kazuhiko Mochida ◽  
Nobuyuki Ohkubo ◽  
Kumiko Kono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Coastal Environment

Influence of Chemical Degradation on the Surface Properties of Nano Restorative Materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. E109-E117 ◽  
Author(s):  
AB de Paula ◽  
SBP de Fúcio ◽  
RCB Alonso ◽  
GMB Ambrosano ◽  
RM Puppin-Rontani
Keyword(s):  
Orange Juice ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cements ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Storage Media ◽  
Restorative Materials

SUMMARY Objectives The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of chemical degradation on the surface roughness (Ra) and hardness (Knoop hardness number [KHN]) of nano restorative materials. Methods Disc-shaped specimens (5-mm diameter; 2-mm thick) of Filtek Z350 and TPH Spectrum composites and the Vitremer and Ketac Nano light-curing glass ionomer cements were prepared according to the manufacturers' instructions. After 24 hours, polishing procedures were performed and initial measurements of Ra and KHN were taken. The specimens were divided into 12 groups (n=10) according to material and storage media: artificial saliva, orange juice, and Coca-Cola. After 30 days of storage, the specimens were reevaluated for Ra and KHN. The pH values of the storage media were measured weekly. Data were tested for significant differences by repeated-measures three-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests (p&lt;0.05). Results Composites were found to present lower roughness values and higher hardness values than the ionomeric materials under all storage conditions. After degradation, the KHN of all experimental samples decreased significantly, while the Ra of the ionomeric materials increased, depending on the media, with a markedly negative impact of Coca-Cola and orange juice. There was no difference among the storage media for Filtek Z350 with regard to the KHN values. Nanofillers did not show any influence on the roughness and hardness of resin-modified glass ionomer cements and resin composites concerning their degradation resistance.

scholarly journals Aquatic Toxicity Effects and Risk Assessment of ‘Form Specific’ Product-Released Engineered Nanomaterials

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12468
Author(s):  
Raisibe Florence Lehutso ◽  
James Wesley-Smith ◽  
Melusi Thwala
Keyword(s):  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Aquatic Toxicity ◽  
Engineered Nanomaterials ◽  
Pseudokirchneriella Subcapitata ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Risk Potential ◽  
Imminent Risk ◽  
Toxicity Effects

The study investigated the toxicity effects of ‘form specific’ engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) and ions released from nano-enabled products (NEPs), namely sunscreens, sanitisers, body creams and socks on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Spirodela polyrhiza, and Daphnia magna. Additionally, risk estimation emanating from the exposures was undertaken. The ENMs and the ions released from the products both contributed to the effects to varying extents, with neither being a uniform principal toxicity agent across the exposures; however, the effects were either synergistic or antagonistic. D. magna and S. polyrhiza were the most sensitive and least sensitive test organisms, respectively. The most toxic effects were from ENMs and ions released from sanitisers and sunscreens, whereas body creams and sock counterparts caused negligible effects. The internalisation of the ENMs from the sunscreens could not be established; only adsorption on the biota was evident. It was established that ENMs and ions released from products pose no imminent risk to ecosystems; instead, small to significant adverse effects are expected in the worst-case exposure scenario. The study demonstrates that while ENMs from products may not be considered to pose an imminent risk, increasing nanotechnology commercialization may increase their environmental exposure and risk potential; therefore, priority exposure cases need to be examined.

scholarly journals Potensi Pengembangan Komoditas Teripang Pasir (Holothuria scabra Jaenger) secara Berkelanjutan dengan Model Integrasi Sea Farming di Kepulauan Padaido Kabupaten Biak Numfor

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Daniel Lantang ◽  
Yunus P. Paulangan
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
The People ◽  
Marine Culture

Sea cucumber is one of high value economic commodity due to not only having a fairly completed nutrition, but also used as the raw material for production of drugs, cosmetics and others. Therefore it becomes one of the highly potential export commodities. However, the target of catching sea cucumbers community intensively will give a negative impact on its sustainability. Sea cucumber has long been recognized and protected by the people in Padaido islands known as sasisen or sasi system. Although it has been conserved through sasisen system, but tends decline recently. This happen due to the high fishing activities by fisherman. Sea farming methods is a sea fisheries development concept in shallow waters such as the merger between aquaculture and capture fisheries by utilizing leading commodity in potential cultivation area. Sea farming is a system of utilization of marine ecosystem-based marine culture with the ultimate goal to improve the stock of fish (fish resources enhancement) to the sustainability of fisheries and other marine-based activities such as ecotourism. This paper will discuss the development opportunities of sea farming system that is integrated with the prevailing of local wisdom in Padaido Islands, Biak Numfor Regency, Papua, namely sasisen. This system works in conserving sea cucumber resources and increasing incomes of local communities in Padaido island through the creation of alternative livelihoods specifically in sea cucumber cultivation. Therefore, these models and approaches can be considered to manage coastal and marine resources in a sustainable way in Padaido Islands, Biak Numfor Regency.Key words: Sea cucumber, sustainable management, sasisen, Padaido Islands.

scholarly journals Investigation of the mechanical and thermal characteristics of an eco-insulating material made of plaster and date palm fibers

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Mokhtar Rachedi ◽  
Abdelouahed Kriker
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Date Palm Fibers

Abstract The negative impact of the production and use of building materials on the environment has become evident, so in recent decades, to find more sustainable, eco-friendly, and low-cost materials, the last research tends to reconsider the use of natural fibers and traditional building materials. This paper aims to develop a bio-composite based on the southern Algerian region's local materials consisting mainly of plaster and waste from date palm trees. Many properties were examined experimentally through previous research of our team (physical, mechanical, and microstructure characteristics) [1, 2] to characterize these materials. Several samples of bio-composite of plaster configurations with short length (20mm) and eight-weight ratios (0.5% - 4%) of palm fibers were prepared for mechanical, thermal, and physical characterizations. In addition, tested all previous properties on the specimens after 28 days of curing in normal conditions. The results show a clear improvement in the bio-composites mechanical performance (an increase in the bending strength with achieving compressive strength) and their thermal properties, which have been well developed (density, thermal conductivity, and specific heat capacity). To enhance the resistance of palm fibers to chemical degradation in the plaster's alkaline environment and improve the adhesion between them, these fibers were treated with a NaOH solution of 1% concentration. The plaster's composites reinforced with date palm fibers can be qualified as eco-friendly and thermal insulation building materials.

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