scholarly journals Lumumba, Hammerskjoeld and the 1960 Congo Crisis: a Case of International Misunderstanding?

Afrika Focus ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Blommaert
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Communication Style ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
General Picture ◽  
Communication Breakdown ◽  
Congo Crisis

A number of influential works on the 1960 Congo Crisis, as well as most theoretical models of intercultural communication, consistently explain conflicts between cul- turally different participants in terms of features of ethnic communication style, cognition, value systems etc. A general picture emerges in which culture is seen as the cause of conflicts, misunderstandings, or communication breakdown. An ana- lysis of six letters exchanged between Lumumba and Hammarskjoeld during one of the crucial episodes of the Congo Crisis reveals that ethnic features of communica- tion style are the consequence, rather than the cause of conflicts. KEY WORDS: Congo (Zaïre), history, linguistics 

scholarly journals Lumumba, Hammarskjoeld, and the 1960 Congo Crisis: A case of international misunderstanding?

Afrika Focus ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-118
Author(s):  
Jan Blommaert
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Communication Style ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
General Picture ◽  
Communication Breakdown ◽  
Culturally Different ◽  
Congo Crisis

Lumumba, Hammarskjoeld, and The 1960 Congo Crisis. A Case of International Misunderstanding? A number of influential works on the 1960 Congo Crisis, as well as most theoretical models of intercultural communication, consistently explain conflicts between culturally different participants in terms of features of ethnic communication style, cognition, value systems etc. A general picture emerges in which culture is seen as the cause of conflicts, misunderstandings, or communication breakdown. An analysis of six Letters exchanged between Lumumba and Hammarskjoeld during one of the crucial episodes of the Congo Crisis reveals that ethnic features of communication style are the consequence, rather than the cause of conflicts.

Across Culture Communication Style Choices in Western and British Culture in The Leap Year movie.

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nargis - ◽  
Imtihan - Hanim
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Communication Style ◽  
Cultural Communication ◽  
High Culture ◽  
Cross Cultural Communication ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
British Culture

The different cultures, power distance could be the obstacle in intercultural communication. The aim of this research to identify the types of Cross-Cultural Communication Style Choice between British and American in the Leap Year movie. The researchers attempt to reveal kinds of Cross-Cultural Communication Style Choice between Declan as British and Anna as American for three days. This Qualitative research method analyses data of utterances and are classified into four types of Cross-Cultural Communication Style Choice. The result shows that there are 356 utterances of Anna and Declan. for three days. Anna has 204 utterances with 44,3 % direct style and indirect 5,8 %.. Declan uses 155 utterance with 37 % and 12 % indirect style. British tend to use more indirect styles in expressing their intention to save the interlocutor’s face.Meanwhile, American use direct styles to reveal their intentions as they belong to the high culture communication.Key words: across culture communication,direct style, indirectstyle

Ritualinis mandagumas (ta’ârof) šiuolaikinio Irano visuomenėje ir tarpkultūrinėje komunikacijoje: Teherano šiaurinės dalies atvejis

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (28) 2019 ◽  
pp. 169-190
Author(s):  
Dalia Sabaliauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
City Culture ◽  
Face Maintenance

This paper examines the concept and practices of the Iranian ritual courtesy ta’ârof in northern Tehran, based on field-study findings, and analyses its expression in intercultural communication. It examines how contemporary Iranians perceive ta’ârof, what practices of ritual courtesy are commonly found, and whether configurations of the Iranian code of courtesy remain stable in the changing cultural environment. The study employs the theory of face maintenance and data from Iranian face and diaspora research. It shows emic perceptions of ta’ârof, and reveals its practices in Tehran, alongside tendencies of expression among Iranians living in Lithuania. Key words: ta’ârof, ritual courtesy, capital-city culture, intercultural communication, contemporary Iran.

scholarly journals Mentoring: A Role to Facilitate Academic Change

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Provident
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Curriculum Change ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Communication Style ◽  
Curricular Change ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Academic Change

The concept of mentoring is presented, including a historical overview and definitions of both mentor and protégé as well as corresponding typical roles and responsibilities. Theoretical models of mentoring are presented and contemporary views on using mentors to create meaningful curricular change are discussed. In particular, the overall results of the American Occupational Therapy Foundation’s Curriculum-Mentoring Project are presented. The conclusion appears to be that both the process and outcomes of curriculum change seem to be highly dependent on the communication style and make-up of the faculty and their relationship with the mentor.

scholarly journals Open cluster remnants in low-density Galactic fields

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (S266) ◽  
pp. 487-490
Author(s):  
D. B. Pavani ◽  
L. O. Kerber ◽  
E. Bica ◽  
W. J. Maciel
Keyword(s):  
Galactic Disk ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Open Cluster ◽  
Dynamical Evolution ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Open Clusters ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
General Picture ◽  
Disk Evolution

AbstractOpen cluster remnants (OCRs) are fundamental objects to investigate open cluster dissolution processes (e.g., Bica et al. 2001; Carraro 2002; Pavani et al. 2003; Carraro et al. 2007; Pavani & Bica 2007). They are defined as poorly populated concentrations of stars, with enough members to show evolutionary sequences in colour–magnitude diagrams (CMDs) as a result of the dynamical evolution of an initially more massive physical system. An OCR is intrinsically poorly populated, which makes its differentiation from field-star fluctuations difficult. Among the possible approaches to establish the nature of OCRs, we adopted CMD analysis combined with a robust statistical tool applied to 2mass data. In addition, photometry is the main information source available for possible OCRs (POCRs). We developed a statistical diagnostic tool to analyse the CMDs of POCRs and verify them as physical systems, explore membership probabilityies taking into account field contamination and derive age, distance and reddening values in a self-consistent way. We present the results of our analysis of 88 POCRs that are part of a larger sample that is widely distributed across the sky, with a significant density contrast of bright stars compared to the Galactic field. The 88 objects are projected onto low-density Galactic fields, at relatively high latitudes (|b| > 15°). Studies of larger POCR samples will provide a better understanding of OCR properties and constraints for theoretical models, including new insights into the evolution of open clusters and their dissolution rates. The results of this ongoing survey will provide a general picture of these fossil stellar systems and their connection to Galactic-disk evolution.

Methods for selecting authentic texts in accordance with the language level of students while teaching German

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (08) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Turan Şahin qızı Kərimbəyli ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Authentic Texts ◽  
Language Level ◽  
Authentic Text ◽  
Communicative Teaching

Today our main goal is to use authentic texts, including the study of the peculiarities of intercultural communication in the environment of communicative teaching of foreign languages. Authentic text reflects the use of natural language. It should be noted that the teaching of authentic texts in teaching a foreign language should be determined by the language level of the students. The selection criteria for authentic texts in German differ depending on the language level of the students. Key words: authentic texts, intercultural communication, communicative learning

scholarly journals Theorizing the International Criminal Court’s Model of Justice: The Victims’ Court?

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Isha Jain
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
International Criminal Court ◽  
Rome Statute ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Criminal Justice Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
Theoretical Standpoint

Theoretical models of criminal justice are important tools for identifying the value systems that underpin the various criminal justice systems of the world. Hailed as the ‘victims’ court’ for conferring wide-ranging participatory rights to victims at all stages of the criminal process, the International Criminal Court and its constitutive treaty, the Rome Statute, offer an interesting subject matter of analysis from this theoretical standpoint. The focus of this article will be on studying the ICC’s practice and procedure in relation to victim participation, in order to identify the values of criminal justice that influence these processes.

“INSIDE” AND “OUTSIDE” SPACE IN THE СONTEXT OF THE PERSIAN POLITENESS SYSTEM TA’ĀROF

2019 ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
O. V. Mazepova
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Communication Style ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
Negative Aspect ◽  
Communicative Behavior ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
Unacceptable Behavior ◽  
Ancient Times

The paper deals with the problem of implementation of the binary opposition “inside-outside” within the scope of ta’ārof, the Persian politeness system, which is deeply involved in all the types of social communication in Iran. Here was analyzed a concept set forth by US anthropologist W. Beeman, who states that communicative behavior of Iranians is regulated by strict difference between “inside” and “outside” space, which is expressed through stylistically marked means of speech. Also here was determined peculiar correlation between the concepts of “inside/outside” space and “inside/outside” behavior incorporated into Iranian worldview since the ancient times. In the situations, which speaker regards as “outside” (birun / zāher) he chooses a communication style in accordance with require- ments of ta’ārof politeness system, demonstrating difference in status of the interlocutors. And vice versa, in the situations regarded as “inside” (andarun / bāten) ones, he feels comfortable and relaxed, and uses in his speech expressions demonstrating friendliness and sincerity. Yet, when correlation between two frames of behavior is broken the “outside”-mode communication turns into “inside”, and “inside” – into “outside”-mode communication. “Outside” pattern of communication is useful when applied to the misbehaving persons. Unacceptable behavior of “high-ranking person” could well be moderated by intensifying the strategy of “self-lowering” and “other-rising” towards the counterpart, making use of stylistically based means of speech. It was pointed out to the negative aspect of the Persian politeness system, which allows manipulat- ing interlocutor. Identifying and proper reaction from the side of foreigners to such attempts is one of the most important tasks of intercultural communication with Persian native speakers.

The role of culture and language in the teaching of intercultural communication

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (09) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Mehbarə Niftulla qızı Qəribova ◽  
◽  
Zərif Qurban qızı Güləliyeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Language Level ◽  
Culture And Language

The teaching of intercultural communication covers two broad areas of culture and language teaching. The ability to use different expressions is important in the teaching of intercultural communication, as discussions are conducted at a high language level. The teaching of intercultural communication in universities should facilitate intercultural cooperation and understanding among students. It is necessary to learn languages and cultures in the teaching of foreign languages in order to achieve intercultural communication and eliminate the misunderstandings that may arise as a result. Key words: intercultural communication, forms of behavior, language skills, culture and language, interactions

Field studies of fishways in Alberta

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Rajaratnam ◽  
C. Katopodis ◽  
R. Paccagnan
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Channel Flow ◽  
Open Channel ◽  
Open Channel Flow ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Hydraulic Characteristics ◽  
General Picture ◽  
Vertical Slot ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
Made In

This paper presents a detailed account of field studies performed on one pool-weir and several Denil and vertical slot fishways in the province of Alberta. The pictures show the broad features of the flow. The velocity profiles obtained in the field studies have confirmed the measurements made in the laboratory on scale models and have enhanced the general picture, particularly for the vertical slot fishways. This paper provides hydraulic engineers with information for understanding the primary hydraulic characteristics of fishways. Key words: fishways, field studies, hydraulics, open-channel flow, turbulent flow.

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