scholarly journals The Pain and Irony of Death in Julian Barnes's Memoirs Nothing to Be Frightened Of and Levels of Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Maricel Oró-Piqueras

Julian Barnes is one of the best-known contemporary British authors, not only for his taste for formal experimentation well-documented in the novels and short stories he has published since the 1980s, but also for his obsession with death. Despite the fact that death – as a prime concern expressed through his characters’ discussions, particularly when they are in their old age – has been present in most of Barnes fictional works, the topic becomes centre-stage in the two memoirs that he has published, namely, Nothing to Be Frightened Of (2008) and Levels of Life (2013). In his memoirs, Barnes connects his personal experience with the works of philosophers and writers and with the experiences of those around him with the aim of trying to discern how he himself and, by extension, his own contemporaries and Western society have dealt with death. For Barnes, writing becomes a therapy to confront his own existential fears as well as traumatic experiences – such as the sudden death of his wife as described in Levels of Life – at the same time that he reflects on the place death occupies in contemporary times.

Author(s):  
Elena S. Annenkova ◽  

In the article �The Lemon Table� by Julian Barnes is analyzed from the point of view of �the mighthave-beens� plot functioning in this storybook. This plot is an essential part of the fundamental for this book plot of aging and associated with its physical and mental processes that heroes of these short stories are experienced. The analysis of the majority of the short stories makes it possible to talk about �the might-have-beens� as metaplot that ties separate short stories of this storybook with each other and forms the unity of the storybook as an artistic whole. A metaplot in prosaic text is understood as that invariant plot that permeates the texts of one or another writer, which is realized in these texts in various versions of event scenarios and expressed in a figurative-motive complex, at the ideological-thematic and narrative levels, at the level of stylistics and artistic tropes of writer�s works. �The might-have-beens� metaplot repeats and manifests itself in the short stories in its different event variations and with especial completeness and emphasis in such short stories as �Story of Mats Israelson�, �Hygiene�, �The Revival�, �Bark�, �The Fruit Cage�, �The Silence�. Thus each short story enters into dialogical relationships with other stories, due to the formed internal intertextuality of this storybook and made metatext of J. Barnes� fictional prose, as a consequence of the invariant plot of �the might-havebeens� as the source code of the generation of meaning in the artistic consciousness of the English writer evinced in many of his other works. So the main aim of this article is to discover and analyse the plot of �the might-have-beens� that becomes metaplot and metamotif of �The Lemon Table� by J. Barnes. The elements of motif, comparativetypological, receptive-interpretive, and intertextual methods of analysis have been used in this work, which helped to achieve our aim. In �Story of Mats Israelson� the invariant of �the might-have-beens� plot is presented in its fullest expression, and this plot in different variations will be repeated in other stories of the storybook. It will become its key motif, which will be related with other central motifs of other short stories of this storybook (the motif of loneliness, love, vanity of life, old age, death and immortality). �The might-have-beens� metaplot will determine the development of event situations of the short stories with a predictable culmination of misunderstanding and dissatisfaction and with the denouement of feelings or actions that have not found their embodiment, which reveals itself in a separation, alienation or death of the heroes. �The might-have-beens� metaplot will show the peculiarities of the heroes� characters and their reactions to life situations, which will be the result of their individual life fears and complexes, aggravated by the limit situation of imminent death. �The might-have-beens� metaplot is supported by specific chronotope, which becomes space and time of the unrealized and non-embodied. This plot and motif are evinced in the short stories of �The Lemon Book� with the help of artistic metonymy and a discourse of silence, that fully expresses the impossibility of embodying the heroes� feelings and their deepest desires. But in any event variations, �the might-have-beens� metaplot keeps structural and semantic core that is the life path of the short stories� heroes determined by non- embodiment of their innermost desires, intentions and expectations. However, the precise impracticability of dreams, the unfulfillment of aspirations cause the piercingly sad and universal meaning of life of the heroes of �The Lemon Table� by J. Barnes.


2010 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aitor Ibarrola-Armendáriz

This article examines the representation of a violent and traumatizing past in Edwidge Danticat’s The Dew Breaker (2004), a collection of short stories that depicts the effects of a torturer’s atrocious crimes on the lives of his victims and their descendants. The contribution argues that this work of fiction by the Haitian-American writer is structured upon the principle that traumatic experiences can only become intelligible – and, therefore, “representable” – by considering the severe psychical wounds and scars they leave on the victims. These scars habitually take the form of paranoia, nightmares, ghostly presences, schizophrenia, and “dead spots” that have a very difficult time finding their place in the protagonists’ consciousness and language. In spite of the fragmented and discontinuous character of these representations, the writer manages to unveil the kind of psychological and social dysfunctions that often surface when people have not fully accepted or assimilated aspects of the past that keep itching in their unconscious. However, despite the prevailingly bleak tone of the stories, Danticat still leaves some room for hope and recovery, as many of the victims find ways to come to terms with and overcome those individual and collective dysfunctions.


2021 ◽  
pp. 260-274
Author(s):  
Lyudmila F. Shirokova ◽  

Rudolf Sloboda is one of the brightest and most distinctive writers of the generation of the Slovak “sixties”. He was born and lived most of his life in the village of Devinska Nova Ves near Bratislava with a predominantly Croatian population. Sloboda is the author of dozens of works, including novels, stories, short stories, essays, poems, plays, film scripts. In his work, he was based on the original “egocentric” vision of reality and the confessional-monologue type of narration. The themes of his largely autobiographical prose and drama were complex, often painful relationships between people, crisis states of the personality — everything he faced in his own life. The main space of Sloboda’s books is his native village, with its constants and inevitable transformation. The novels of the writer, first of all — “The Narcissus” (1965), “The Reason” (1982) and “The Blood” (1991), reflect the most important stages in the life and mental wavering of the author and his hero: the early youth marked by entering into an unknown social environment and his first erotic experiences; the maturity with family problems and setbacks, psychological crisis; approaching the old age with the extinction of feelings and desires, that lead to inner emptiness. The universal sound of “private” statements about the existential problems of a person, the artistic persuasiveness, originality and recognizability of his style — all this makes the works of Rudolf Sloboda a part of the Gold Reserve of the modern Slovak literature.


2002 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Röcke ◽  
Katie E. Cherry

In this article, we address the topic of death from historic and contemporary perspectives. In the first section, we describe the changes in life expectancy, personal experience, and public awareness of death that have occurred over the past century. In the next section, we examine the impact these changes have had on the mastery of the two developmental tasks in adulthood, acceptance of one's own mortality and coping with the death of a spouse. We describe select findings from the literature on attitudes, fear or acceptance of death, and grief processes. Implications for research, practice, and social change are considered.


1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney Jones

ABSTRACTDrawing upon evidence from Britain, this paper advances the proposition that new generations of older people are experiencing a healthier, materially better off and more satisfying old age. It is argued that both popular and scientific images of later life are out-dated and unduly negative. In advancing this analysis, attention is given to key areas of personal experience and social life: education, leisure and holidays, retirement, voluntary activity, spirituality, economic status, health and political involvement. A re-construction of the societal position of older people is indicated.


2017 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 499-510
Author(s):  
Jana Vrajová

Forms of literary representation of age through changes in characters of old women in Czech short stories of 80s and 90s of the 19th centuryThe study deals with different representations of the character of old women in Czech literature of the second half of the nineteenth century. It focuses mainly on three short stories which show exceptof the literary image of old age also the proof of the vertical stratification of Czech literature of the end of the nineteenth century. The study also shows the literary controversy related to literary movements and intertextual relations. The latest short story which the study refers to is called Babiččin pohřeb and was written by Rudolf Karel Zahrádka. It has a specific position in the context of thinking about the use of motifs associated with old age: not only could it be characterized as a subversive text due to the intertextual passages referring to Babička by Božena Němcová, but it can be also identified as a proof of the penetration of the modernistic tendency in Czech literature.Obrazy literackich reprezentacji starości na podstawie postaci starej kobiety w opowiadaniach autorów z lat 80. i 90. XIX wiekuArtykuł dotyczy sposobu reprezentacji postaci starej kobiety w literaturze czeskiej drugiej połowy XIX wieku. Autorka skupia swoją uwagę zwłaszcza na opowiadaniach, które, oprócz literackiego obrazu starości, są również wertykalną stratyfikacją czeskiej literatury końca XIX wieku, jej wewnętrznych dyskursywnych polemik i związków intertekstualnych. Jako najbardziej interesujące jawi się opowiadanie Rudolfa Karla Zahálki Babiččin pohřeb, które można, biorąc pod uwagę związki intertekstualne, oznaczyć za tekst subwersyjny i pokazać na jego podstawie przenikanie do literatury czeskiej tendencji naturalistycznych.


2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Chuong Ngoc Dao

Basing on poetics, structure of works and motif / archetype of the Wise Old Man, the paper examines and compares the image of the Old Man in three short stories: Tocka by Anton Chekhov (Russian), A Clean, Well-Lighted Place by Ernest Hemingway (American) and Lao Hac by Nam Cao (Vietnamese). In each short story, the old man leads a lonely life. Their loneliness can’t sometimes be shared or isn’t shared such as the case of Iona Potapov, in Tocka of Anton Chekhov, who just lost his son last week; of the Old Man, in A Clean, Well-Lighted Place of Ernest Hemingway who suffered from loneliness in his old age; and of Lao Hac, in Nam Cao’s work of the same title, who, with hopelessness, has gone away to work in plantation for three years because his poor son couldn’t afford to get married. If the impact of rural elements in the process of social development from agriculture to industry is taken into consideration, we can put these three short stories in the following sequence: Lao Hac (1943) of Nam Cao, Tocka (1871) of Anton Chekhov, and A Clean, Well-Lighted Place (1933) of Ernest Hemingway. It seems that the more the society is urbanized, the more loneliness can’t be wiped out. Now, the deeply rooted characters of the archetype of the Wise Old Man (according to Jung) are expressed in only three points: how to best bahave in loneliness.


Author(s):  
Danella Ahlberg

The medium of dance is most often valued in Western society for its artistry and great skill of movement. However, the beauty of this medium often overshadows its ability to create pointed, and often political, messages through the body’s kinesthetic movement in physical space. As embodied expression through time and space, dance must be understood as an art form that actively seeks to create meaning (Hellensleben 2010), a fact that is acutely evident in the dance form known as Waacking. Born out of improvisation-based techniques, Waacking originated in gay, Black and Latino underground disco clubs of 1970’s Los Angeles. The gestures of Waacking were inspired by classical Hollywood glamour actresses, culminating in the distinctive fast, rhythmic arm whipping typical of this dance style. Yet, it is the more performative elements of the dance that holds one’s interest by including components of large locomotion, dramatic gesture and facial expression, and a compelling narrative. This expressive style of movement resulted in Waacking becoming a catalyst for gay refusal, functioning as a method for gay men to express themselves and fully explore their identity. Through an analysis of personal experience and online videos in dialogue with the methodologies of embodiment, phenomenology, and performativity, I will explore how Waacking has shifted from a form of gay refusal to a form of gender refusal, allowing there to be a renegotiation of gender standards through the catalyst of black queer kinesthetics and gender kinesthetics.


2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 65-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Powell ◽  
Azrini Wahidin ◽  
Jens Zinn
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  

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