scholarly journals Nomenclatural survey of the genus Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae s.s.). 8. About Amaranthus polygonoides s.l. and A. anderssonii, two related taxa described from the tropical regions of America with notes on their taxonomy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duilio Iamonico
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Box Plots ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Measured Length

Background and Aims: Amaranthus comprises 70-75 species of which about half are native to America. Some taxa are used as ornamentals, food or medicine and escape from cultivation, mainly causing economic impact to the agricultural systems. The genus is taxonomically critical due to its high phenotypic variability and hybridization that caused nomenclatural disorders. A note about Amaranthus polygonoides s.l. and A. anderssonii, whose nomenclature and taxonomy need to be still clarified, is presented. Methods: This work is based on examination of herbarium specimens and analysis of literature. Taxonomically relevant characters were measured (length and width (the widest part of the blade) of the leaves, longest and shortest diameters of the seeds, ratio length/width of the leaf blades and dehiscence/indehiscence of the fruits). The variability of the continuous characters was illustrated by box plots.Key results: The names Amaranthus polygonoides, A. anderssonii s.s., A. anderssonii f. erectus, A. taishanensis, Sarratia berlandieri, and Scleropus urceolatus are discussed. A specimen at BM-SL, that served as the base for the lectotype of A. polygonoides (Sloane’s illustration), was indicated. Previous holotype indications for Sarratia berlandieri and Scleropus urceolatus are corrected as lectotypes. Amaranthus taishanensis is confirmed to be a synonym of A. polygonoides s.s. The morphological study of leaves and seeds, as well as data about the distribution and the available phylogenetic analyses, show that the taxa can be distinguished at infraspecific ranks. A new classification is proposed recognizing a single species (A. polygonoides) with two subspecies, subsp. urceolatus comb. nov. and subsp. polygonoides. The latter taxon includes var. berlandieri comb. nov. and var. polygonoides.Conclusions: Amaranthus polygonoides s.l. and A. anderssonii are native to tropical regions of America, currently treated as separate taxa. The use of box plots, along with the available phylogenetic analyses, helped to clarify their taxonomy.

Taxonomic changes in C4 Cyperus (Cypereae, Cyperoideae, Cyperaceae): combining the sedge genera Ascolepis, Kyllinga and Pycreus into Cyperus s.l.

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 166 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
ISABEL LARRIDON ◽  
KENNETH BAUTERS ◽  
MARC REYNDERS ◽  
WIM HUYGH ◽  
PAUL GOETGHEBEUR
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypothesis ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
Separate Paper ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Taxonomic Changes ◽  
Sectional Classification

The sedge genera Alinula, Ascolepis, Kyllinga, Lipocarpha, Pycreus, Queenslandiella, Remirea, Sphaerocyperus and Volkiella (Cyperaceae) were recognised at generic level because they possess specialised inflorescence and/or flower characters. However, recent molecular phylogenetic analyses show that these genera are all nested in a paraphyletic Cyperus s.s. and therefore should be viewed as part of a broadly circumscribed genus Cyperus. For all species of Alinula and for the single species of Queenslandiella, Remirea and Sphaerocyperus, Cyperus names were already published by other authors. For the species of Lipocarpha and Volkiella, Cyperus names and a new sectional classification are published in a separate paper including a detailed molecular phylogenetic hypothesis for these taxa. Based on a study of herbarium specimens and literature, in this paper, twenty species of Ascolepis, seventeen species of Kyllinga, and six species of Pycreus, which do not yet have a validly published and legitimate name in Cyperus, are formally included into Cyperus as new combinations or new names. Notes on the synonymy of an African Pycreus species are also included.

scholarly journals Remarkable Species Diversity of the Leafhopper Genus Xestocephalus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Aphrodinae) in Thailand

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 514
Author(s):  
Zonglei Liang ◽  
Christopher H. Dietrich ◽  
Wu Dai
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Malaise Trap ◽  
Field Sampling ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Trap Field ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time

Xestocephalus Van Duzee is among the most common and widespread genera of Cicadellidae in the temperate and tropical regions of the world. In the present study, 205 specimens of the genus Xestocephalus were collected in Thailand, whereas only a single species of the genus was recorded previously using Malaise trap field sampling, studied by comparative morphology. Seventeen species were recognized, including twelve new species: X. binarius sp. nov., X. chrysanthemum sp. nov., X. cowboyocreus sp. nov., X. densprint sp. nov., X. dimiprocessus sp. nov., X. exproiecturus sp. nov., X. gracilus sp. nov., X. limpidissimus sp. nov., X. malleus sp. nov., X. nonattribus sp. nov., X. recipinams sp. nov., and X. tenusis Liang sp. nov. Four species were recorded in Thailand for the first time: Xestocephalus abyssinicus Heller and Linnavuori, Xestocephalus asper Linnavuori, Xestocephalus ishidae Matsumura, and Xestocephalus toroensis Matsumura. Detailed morphological descriptions of all 17 species are given; photographs of external habitus and male genitalia of the species from Thailand are provided. A checklist of species of the genus is also given, and a key to all Thailand Xestocephalus species is also provided.

scholarly journals Linking morphological and molecular sources to disentangle the case of Xylodon australis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Fernández-López ◽  
M. Teresa Telleria ◽  
Margarita Dueñas ◽  
Mara Laguna-Castro ◽  
Klaus Schliep ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Single Species ◽  
R Package ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Historical Collections ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Kinship Relations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Different Sources

AbstractThe use of different sources of evidence has been recommended in order to conduct species delimitation analyses to solve taxonomic issues. In this study, we use a maximum likelihood framework to combine morphological and molecular traits to study the case of Xylodon australis (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) using the locate.yeti function from the phytools R package. Xylodon australis has been considered a single species distributed across Australia, New Zealand and Patagonia. Multi-locus phylogenetic analyses were conducted to unmask the actual diversity under X. australis as well as the kinship relations respect their relatives. To assess the taxonomic position of each clade, locate.yeti function was used to locate in a molecular phylogeny the X. australis type material for which no molecular data was available using morphological continuous traits. Two different species were distinguished under the X. australis name, one from Australia–New Zealand and other from Patagonia. In addition, a close relationship with Xylodon lenis, a species from the South East of Asia, was confirmed for the Patagonian clade. We discuss the implications of our results for the biogeographical history of this genus and we evaluate the potential of this method to be used with historical collections for which molecular data is not available.

scholarly journals A Synopsis of Orthotrichum s. lato (Bryophyta, Orthotrichaceae) in China, with Distribution Maps and a Key to Determination

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
Vítězslav Plášek ◽  
Zuzana Komínková ◽  
Ryszard Ochyra ◽  
Lucie Fialová ◽  
Shuiliang Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Species ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
First Time

A total of 46 species and two varieties of the traditionally interpreted genus Orthotrichum are currently known to occur in China. They represent five genera, including Orthotrichum (29 species), Lewinskya (14 species and two varieties), and Nyholmiella and Leratia that are represented by a single species each. The fifth genus Florschuetziella, also consisting of only one species, F. scaberrima, is an entirely neglected representative of the China’s moss flora. A list of all accepted taxa is presented and for each taxon all literature records and herbarium specimens are enumerated for provinces in which they have been recorded, and their distribution is mapped. A key to determination of Chinese orthotrichalean mosses is presented. A chronological list of 63 species and varieties and two designations, O. catagonioides and O. microsporum which have never been validly published, reported from China in the years 1892–2020 is presented. Four species, Orthotrichum brasii, O. hooglandii, O. elegans and O. gymnostomum are excluded from the bryoflora of China and Lewinskya affinis var. bohemica and Orthotrichum schimperi are recorded for the first time from this country. Phytogeography of the Chinese taxa of the orthotrichalean mosses is considered and they are grouped into eight phytogeographical elements and five sub-elements.

Comparison of subchondral lesion size between clinical and non-clinical medial trochlear ridge talar osteochondritis dissecans in dogs

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (01) ◽  
pp. 08-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Van Ryssen ◽  
F. Coopman ◽  
H. van Bree ◽  
I. Gielen
Keyword(s):  
Osteochondritis Dissecans ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Bone Lesions ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Measured Length

SummaryIn this retrospective study of nine dogs exhibiting bilateral medial trochlear ridge talar osteochondritis dissecans (MTRT-OCD) and unilateral hind limb lameness, we compared subchondral lesion size in limbs with visible lameness, with contralateral lesions that were not associated with any visible lameness. All MTRT-OCD lesions were imaged by radiography and computed tomography (CT). The dimensions of subchondral bone lesions were measured (length, width and depth) using CT software. Similar to a method used in humans, the estimated volume (length x width x depth) and cross sectional area (length x width) were calculated and compared. We found that MTRT-OCD lesions causing visible lameness were significantly larger, and were associated with more joint thickening and degenerative joint disease than contralateral lesions that were not associated with any apparent lameness. As in the disease of shoulder osteochondritis dissecans, there is probably a correlation between the size of MTRT-OCD lesions and the symptoms of lameness.

scholarly journals New Species of Tomentella (Thelephorales, Basidiomycota) from Temperate Continental Mountain Climate of China (Xinjiang Region)

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1531
Author(s):  
Xu Lu ◽  
Haisheng Yuan
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Mountain Climate ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Xinjiang Autonomous Region

Species in the genus Tomentella are distributed throughout the temperate and tropical regions worldwide, but few studies associated with the taxonomy and phylogeny of this genus had been reported from Northwest China. In this paper, molecular phylogenetic analyses of the nuclear ribosomal ITS (internal transcribed spacer: ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and LSU (large subunit: 28S) sequences combined with morphological characteristics identified three new species from Xinjiang Autonomous Region in Northwest China, which were named T. aurantispora, T. kanasensis, and T. schrenkiana. Similar macromorphological and anatomical characteristics are shared by these new species: arachnoid basidiocarps; byssoid sterile margins; utriform basidia with a clamp connection at the base; the absence of rhizomorphs and cystidia; and slightly thick-walled, subglobose to globose basidiospores. Among these new species, the color of the hymenophoral surface, the size of the basidiospores, and some other features can be used for species delimitation. The new species and closely related species in the phylogenetic tree were discussed, and a key to the identified species of Tomentella from China was provided.

Aestuariisphingobium litorale Li et al. 2020 is a later heterotypic synonym of Chakrabartia godavariana Jani et al. 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Wang ◽  
Yuxin Gao
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Genomic Comparison ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Type Strains

Chakrabartia godavariana PRB40T was compared with Aestuariisphingobium litorale SYSU M10002T to examine the taxonomic relationship between the two type strains. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of C. godavariana PRB40T had high similarity (99.8 %) to that of A. litorale SYSU M10002T. The results of phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two strains formed a tight cluster within the genus Chakrabartia . A draft genomic comparison between the two strains revealed an average nucleotide identity of 97.3 % and a digital DNA–DNA hybridization estimate of 79.5±2.9 %, strongly indicating that the two strains represented a single species. In addition, neither strain displayed any striking differences in metabolic, physiological or chemotaxonomic features. Therefore, we propose that Aestuariisphingobium litorale is a later heterotypic synonym of Chakrabartia godavariana .

scholarly journals Phylogenetics of Taxus Using the Internal Transcribed Spacers of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA and Plastid trnL-F Regions

Horticulturae ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Patricia Coughlan ◽  
James C. Carolan ◽  
Ingrid L. I. Hook ◽  
Lisa Kilmartin ◽  
Trevor R. Hodkinson
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Trnl Intron ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Haplotype Networks

Taxus is a genus of trees and shrubs with high value in horticulture and medicine as a source of the anticancer drug paclitaxel. The taxonomy of the group is complex due to the lack of diagnostic morphological characters and the high degree of similarity among species. Taxus has a wide global geographic distribution and some taxonomists recognize only a single species with geographically defined subgroups, whereas others have described several species. To address these differences in taxonomic circumscription, phylogenetic analyses were conducted on DNA sequences using Maximum Likelihood, Bayesian Inference and TCS haplotype networks on single and combined gene regions obtained for the nuclear ribosomal ITS region and the plastid trnL intron and trnL-F intergenic spacer. Evidence is presented for the sister group status of Pseudotaxus to Taxus and the inclusion of Amentotaxus, Austrotaxus, Cephalotaxus and Torreya within Taxaceae. Results are consistent with the taxonomic recognition of nine species: T. baccata, T. brevifolia, T. canadensis, T. cuspidata, T. floridana, T. fuana, T. globosa, T. sumatrana and T. wallichiana, but evidence is found for less species distinction and considerable reticulation within the T. baccata, T. canadensis and T. cuspidata group. We compare the results to known taxonomy, biogeography, present new leaf anatomical data and discuss the origins of the hybrids T. ×media and T. ×hunnewelliana.

scholarly journals A51 Genetic variability of small ruminant lentiviruses in sheep and goats from single-species flocks from Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Olech ◽  
Jacek Kuźmak
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Viral Recombination ◽  
Species Flocks

Abstract Previous phylogenetic analyses of small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) sequences found in Poland revealed the circulation of subtype A1 in both sheep and goats, subtypes B1 in goats, and subtypes B2, A12, and A13 in sheep only. This study aimed to analyze the genetic nature of SRLV circulating in sheep and goats from single-species flocks. In order to analyze the degree of genetic variability, the fragments of gag and env genes of 24 SRLV strains were amplified by PCR, cloned into plasmid vectors, sequenced, and consensus sequences were aligned to each other and to reference sequences available from GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using the Geneious tree-builder tool, and phylogenetic trees were constructed using Mr Bayes (using the general time reversible substitution model) within Geneious Pro 5.3. Pairwise genetic distances were calculated in MEGA 6. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the strains were highly heterogeneous and represented ovine strains belonging to subtypes A12 and B2 and caprine strains grouped in subtypes B1, B2, A1, and A12. In addition, two novel subtypes, A16 and A17, were found in goats. The mean pairwise genetic distances of gag and env sequences of both clusters were above 15 per cent nucleotide divergence when compared to all other subtypes within group A, which is a criterion required to distinguish a new subtype. Additionally, the existence of two separated clusters was confirmed by high bootstrap values. Co-infections with strains belonging to different subtypes within A and B groups were detected in one sheep and four goats originating from four flocks. Since the co-infection with more than one lentivirus genotype offers an opportunity for viral recombination, the possible recombination events were tested based on RDP analysis. For all co-infected animals, no evidence of recombination was found within the gag gene; however, env sequences showed some recombination patterns in three samples. In conclusion, we have demonstrated extended genetic variability of SRLV in sheep and goats from Poland with the existence of co-infection and recombination events.

Cryptic species complexes in manipulative echinostomatid trematodes: when two become six

Parasitology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. F. LEUNG ◽  
D. B. KEENEY ◽  
R. POULIN
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Spatial Segregation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Species Complexes

SUMMARYRecent studies have shown that some digenean trematodes previously identified as single species due to the lack of distinguishing morphological characteristics actually consist of a number of genetically distinct cryptic species. We obtained mitochondrial 16S and nuclear ITS1 sequences for the redial stages of Acanthoparyphium sp. and Curtuteria australis collected from snails and whelks at various locations around Otago Peninsula, New Zealand. These two echinostomes are well-known host manipulators whose impact extends to the entire intertidal community. Using phylogenetic analyses, we found that Acanthoparyphium sp. is actually composed of at least 4 genetically distinct species, and that a cryptic species of Curtuteria occurs in addition to C. australis. Molecular data obtained for metacercariae dissected from cockle second intermediate hosts matched sequences obtained for Acanthoparyphium sp. A and C. australis rediae, respectively, but no other species. The various cryptic species of both Acanthoparyphium and Curtuteria also showed an extremely localized pattern of distribution: some species were either absent or very rare in Otago Harbour, but reached far higher prevalence in nearby sheltered inlets. This small-scale spatial segregation is unexpected as shorebird definitive hosts can disperse trematode eggs across wide geographical areas, which should result in a homogeneous mixing of the species on small geographical scales. Possible explanations for this spatial segregation of the species include sampling artefacts, local adaptation by first intermediate hosts, environmental conditions, and site fidelity of the definitive hosts.

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