Taxonomic changes in C4 Cyperus (Cypereae, Cyperoideae, Cyperaceae): combining the sedge genera Ascolepis, Kyllinga and Pycreus into Cyperus s.l.

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 166 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
ISABEL LARRIDON ◽  
KENNETH BAUTERS ◽  
MARC REYNDERS ◽  
WIM HUYGH ◽  
PAUL GOETGHEBEUR
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypothesis ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
Separate Paper ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Taxonomic Changes ◽  
Sectional Classification

The sedge genera Alinula, Ascolepis, Kyllinga, Lipocarpha, Pycreus, Queenslandiella, Remirea, Sphaerocyperus and Volkiella (Cyperaceae) were recognised at generic level because they possess specialised inflorescence and/or flower characters. However, recent molecular phylogenetic analyses show that these genera are all nested in a paraphyletic Cyperus s.s. and therefore should be viewed as part of a broadly circumscribed genus Cyperus. For all species of Alinula and for the single species of Queenslandiella, Remirea and Sphaerocyperus, Cyperus names were already published by other authors. For the species of Lipocarpha and Volkiella, Cyperus names and a new sectional classification are published in a separate paper including a detailed molecular phylogenetic hypothesis for these taxa. Based on a study of herbarium specimens and literature, in this paper, twenty species of Ascolepis, seventeen species of Kyllinga, and six species of Pycreus, which do not yet have a validly published and legitimate name in Cyperus, are formally included into Cyperus as new combinations or new names. Notes on the synonymy of an African Pycreus species are also included.

Phylogenetic Classification of Subtribe Castillejinae (Orobanchaceae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Tank ◽  
J. Mark Egger ◽  
Richard G. Olmstead
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypothesis ◽  
Molecular Systematic ◽  
Genus Level ◽  
Formal Classification ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

Recent molecular systematic research has indicated the need for a revised circumscription of generic boundaries in subtribe Castillejinae (tribe Pedicularideae, Orobanchaceae). Based on a well-resolved and well-supported phylogenetic hypothesis, we present a formal reclassification of the major lineages comprising the Castillejinae. Prior to this treatment, subtribe Castillejinae included Castilleja (ca. 190 spp.), Cordylanthus (18 spp.), Orthocarpus (9 spp.), Triphysaria (5 spp.), and the monotypic genera Clevelandia and Ophiocephalus. In the classification presented here, Orthocarpus and Triphysaria retain their current circumscriptions, Castilleja is expanded to include Clevelandia and Ophiocephalus, and Cordylanthus is split into three genera; a key to the genera as they are recognized here is provided. Two new combinations, Castilleja beldingii and Castilleja ophiocephala, are proposed within the expanded Castilleja. The concept of Cordylanthus is restricted to the 13 species formerly recognized as subg. Cordylanthus, while subg. Dicranostegia and subg. Hemistegia are elevated to genus level (Dicranostegia and Chloropyron, respectively). We resurrect the generic name Chloropyron for the halophytes previously recognized as subg. Hemistegia. Five new combinations are proposed for Chloropyron (Chloropyron maritimum subsp. canescens, Chloropyron maritimum subsp. palustre, Chloropyron molle subsp. hispidum, Chloropyron palmatum, and Chloropyron tecopense). In addition to the formal classification, we provide phylogenetic clade definitions for Castillejinae, each of the genera, and two additional clades that are not assigned formal ranks. Morphological characteristics used to recognize traditional groups are evaluated, and synapomorphies are discussed. Finally, the current infrageneric classifications for Castilleja and Cordylanthus are evaluated in light of the recent molecular phylogenetic analyses.

A REVISED GENERIC SYNOPSIS OF HYACINTHACEAE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA, BASED ON MOLECULAR EVIDENCE, INCLUDING NEW COMBINATIONS AND THE NEW TRIBE PSEUDOPROSPEREAE

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. MANNING ◽  
P. GOLDBLATT ◽  
M. F. FAY
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Single Genus ◽  
New Tribe ◽  
Sub Saharan

A revised generic synopsis of sub-Saharan Hyacinthaceae is presented, based on a molecular phylogenetic analysis of the family. Generic rank is accorded only to reciprocally monophyletic clades that can be distinguished by recognizable morphological discontinuities, thereby permitting an appropriate generic assignment of species not included in the analysis. Three subfamilies are recognized within the region. Subfamily Ornithogaloideae, characterized by flattened or angular seeds with tightly adhering testa, is considered to include the single genus Ornithogalum, which is expanded to include the genera Albuca, Dipcadi, Galtonia, Neopatersonia and Pseudogaltonia. Recognizing any of these segregates at generic level renders the genus Ornithogalum polyphyletic, while subdivision of Ornithogalum into smaller, morphologically distinguishable segregates in order to preserve the monophyly of each is not possible. Subfamily Urgineoideae, characterized by flattened or winged seeds with brittle, loosely adhering testa, comprises the two mainland African genera Bowiea and Drimia. The latter is well circumscribed by its deciduous, short-lived perianth and includes the previously recognized genera Litanthus, Rhadamanthus, Schizobasis and Tenicroa. The monotypic Madagascan Igidia is provisionally included in the subfamily as a third genus on the basis of its seeds, pending molecular confirmation of its relationships. Subfamily Hyacinthoideae resolves into three clades, distinguished as tribes Hyacintheae (strictly northern hemisphere and not treated further), Massonieae and Pseudoprospereae tribus nov. Full descriptions and a key to their identification are provided for all genera. New combinations reflecting the generic circumscriptions adopted here are made for most African and all Indian and Madagascan species.

A generic level review of Eupithecia Curtis and some closely related genera based on the Palaearctic, Nearctic and Oriental fauna (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3587 (1) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR G. MIRONOV ◽  
ANTHONY C. GALSWORTHY
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Group ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Status Change ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
History Of ◽  
Taxonomic Changes ◽  
A New Species

The history of the genus Eupithecia Curtis is reviewed, and a preliminary redescription of the genus is proposed on the basis of the Palaearctic, Nearctic and Oriental fauna. Several Asian species previously placed in Eupithecia  have been found to be anomalous. These are examined and some are placed in related genera, two of them new (Pareupithecia and Girida). A further group (the ‘subrubescens’ group) is retained within Eupithecia as a separate species group. The genus Eva Vojnits is redescribed. A new species is described in the genus Mesoptila Meyrick. Descriptions are given of all genera involved, and full lists of taxa included within them, with the exception of Eupithecia itself. Selected adults and genitalia are illustrated. Taxonomic changes proposed in this paper include: new genera Pareupithecia, Girida; new species  Mesoptila murcida; new synonymies, Emmesocoma Warren, 1907 of Mesoptila Meyrick, 1891 and Horisme sternecki Prout, 1938 of Chloroclystis chingana Wehrli, 1926; new combinations Mesoptila melanolopha Swinhoe, 1895, Mesoptila unitaeniata Warren, 1906, Mesoptila deviridata Warren, 1907, Mesoptila excita Prout, 1958, Mesoptila festiva Prout, 1916, Eupithecia eurytera Prout, 1938, Eupithecia chingana Wehrli, 1926, Pareupithecia spadix Inoue, 1955, Girida rigida Swinhoe, 1892, Girida sporadica Prout, 1932; reinstated taxon Eupithecia brevifasciaria Leech, 1897; and status change  Girida sporadica Prout, 1932.

A study of molecular sequences, sexuality, and morphological variation in Plagiomnium carolinianum, P. maximoviczii, and P. rhynchophorum (Bryophyta, Mniaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 375 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
YAN-JUN YI ◽  
ZHEN-WEI SUN ◽  
SI HE ◽  
MAMTIMIN SULAYMAN
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Monophyletic Clade ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Rps4 Gene

Morphologically, recognition of the genus Plagiomnium may be relatively easy. Yet identifications of closely related species have met great difficulties. The contemporary species delimitations of P. carolinianum, P. maximoviczii, and P. rhynchophorum largely based on sexuality as the sole distinction have not been satisfactory. As shown from literature, character variations among these three taxa were continuous and intergraded within or among different populations throughout a wide geographic range. No gametophytic characters could be reliably used to distinguish them from each other. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using ITS2 and rps4 gene were undertaken to resolve delineations for these three morphologically similar species. The results suggest that they form a well support monophyletic clade, which can be defined as representing one single species with two subspecies, i.e. P. rhynchophorum subsp. maximoviczii and P. rhynchophorum subsp. rhynchophorum. The present molecular study supports the treatment of P. carolinianum as synonym of P. rhynchophorum as purposed previously by Koponen based on morphology.

scholarly journals NEW COMBINATIONS IN LOMATIUM (APIACEAE, SUBFAMILY APIOIDEAE)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 316 (1) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARY ANN E. FEIST ◽  
JAMES F. SMITH ◽  
DONALD H. MANSFIELD ◽  
MARK DARRACH ◽  
RICHARD P. MCNEILL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Taxonomic Changes ◽  
Endemic Genera ◽  
State Regional

Molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses indicate that many of the perennial endemic genera of North American Apiaceae are either polyphyletic or nested within paraphyletic groups. In light of these results, taxonomic changes are needed to ensure that ongoing efforts to prepare state, regional, and continental floristic treatments of Apiaceae reflect recent findings. Thus, six new combinations are made to accommodate the movement of five taxa from their current assignment into the genus Lomatium and the elevation of one variety of Lomatium to the level of species; Lomatium lithosolamans, Lomatium tenuissimum, Lomatium fusiformis, Lomatium linearifolium, Lomatium multifidum, and Lomatium planosum.

Taxonomic revision and phylogeny of the ant genus Prenolepis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4200 (2) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
JASON L. WILLIAMS ◽  
JOHN S. LAPOLLA
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
New Combination ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Morphological Diagnosis ◽  
Taxonomic Changes ◽  
Inference Methods ◽  
Worker Caste

The formicine ant genus Prenolepis is here revised for the first time. Thirteen extant species are recognized of which four are described as new. A key for the worker caste is provided, and the worker of each species is imaged, with males and queens imaged in species where they are known. Worker-based characters were used to construct a species-level phylogeny of Prenolepis. Both maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference methods were used for the phylogenetic analyses. A morphological diagnosis for the genus is provided, with a discussion of useful morphological characters for separating Prenolepis from other genera in the Prenolepis genus-group. Major taxonomic changes are proposed. The new species are: P. darlena, P. fustinoda, P. mediops, and P. shanialena. Prenolepis jerdoni subopaca is elevated to full species. Three species are excluded from Prenolepis and transferred to Nylanderia and Paratrechina as new combinations: N. emmae, N. flaviabdominis, and P. umbra. Two species are excluded from Paratrechina and transferred to Nylanderia and Paraparatrechina as new combinations: N. guanyin and P. kongming. One species, Z. darlingtoni, is excluded from Nylanderia and transferred to Zatania as a new combination. Several synonyms are proposed: Prenolepis sphingthoraxa = Nylanderia flaviabdominis; P. imparis arizonica, P. imparis colimana, P. imparis coloradensis, and P. imparis veracruzensis = P. imparis; P. melanogaster carinifrons and P. nigriflagella = P. melanogaster; P. longiventris and P. magnocula = P. naoroji; and P. septemdenta = Nylanderia opisopthalmia. 

scholarly journals Nomenclatural survey of the genus Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae s.s.). 8. About Amaranthus polygonoides s.l. and A. anderssonii, two related taxa described from the tropical regions of America with notes on their taxonomy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duilio Iamonico
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Box Plots ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Measured Length

Background and Aims: Amaranthus comprises 70-75 species of which about half are native to America. Some taxa are used as ornamentals, food or medicine and escape from cultivation, mainly causing economic impact to the agricultural systems. The genus is taxonomically critical due to its high phenotypic variability and hybridization that caused nomenclatural disorders. A note about Amaranthus polygonoides s.l. and A. anderssonii, whose nomenclature and taxonomy need to be still clarified, is presented. Methods: This work is based on examination of herbarium specimens and analysis of literature. Taxonomically relevant characters were measured (length and width (the widest part of the blade) of the leaves, longest and shortest diameters of the seeds, ratio length/width of the leaf blades and dehiscence/indehiscence of the fruits). The variability of the continuous characters was illustrated by box plots.Key results: The names Amaranthus polygonoides, A. anderssonii s.s., A. anderssonii f. erectus, A. taishanensis, Sarratia berlandieri, and Scleropus urceolatus are discussed. A specimen at BM-SL, that served as the base for the lectotype of A. polygonoides (Sloane’s illustration), was indicated. Previous holotype indications for Sarratia berlandieri and Scleropus urceolatus are corrected as lectotypes. Amaranthus taishanensis is confirmed to be a synonym of A. polygonoides s.s. The morphological study of leaves and seeds, as well as data about the distribution and the available phylogenetic analyses, show that the taxa can be distinguished at infraspecific ranks. A new classification is proposed recognizing a single species (A. polygonoides) with two subspecies, subsp. urceolatus comb. nov. and subsp. polygonoides. The latter taxon includes var. berlandieri comb. nov. and var. polygonoides.Conclusions: Amaranthus polygonoides s.l. and A. anderssonii are native to tropical regions of America, currently treated as separate taxa. The use of box plots, along with the available phylogenetic analyses, helped to clarify their taxonomy.

A tale of two genera: the revival of Hoplodoris (Nudibranchia: Discodorididae) with the description of new species of Hoplodoris and Asteronotus

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4890 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
SAMANTHA A. DONOHOO ◽  
TERRENCE M. GOSLINER
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Taxonomic Changes ◽  
Distinct Separation ◽  
The Western Pacific

Nudibranchs in the family Discodorididae are generally medium (~30mm) to large (> 50mm) in size, sometimes cryptic, and are found in almost every marine ecosystem around the world. The diversity and systematics of the genera within Discodorididae are poorly understood and have led to numerous taxonomic changes. Hoplodoris Bergh, 1880 has recently been considered a synonym of Asteronotus Ehrenberg, 1831; however, morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses reveal a distinct separation between these two genera. Here we provide a re-description of the type species Hoplodoris desmoparypha as well as descriptions of four undescribed species of Asteronotus and Hoplodoris. Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses of two mitochondrial and two nuclear genes were used to evaluate the phylogenetic positions of the new species and clarify the relationships between Asteronotus and Hoplodoris to the rest of the Discodorididae. Based on our results, Hoplodoris is removed from synonymy with Asteronotus. Descriptions for Asteronotus markaensis sp. nov., and Asteronotus namuro sp. nov. from the Red Sea, as well as Hoplodoris balbon sp. nov. and Hoplodoris rosans sp. nov. from the western Pacific are provided. 

scholarly journals Taitaia, a novel lichenicolous fungus in tropical montane forests in Kenya (East Africa)

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ave SUIJA ◽  
Ulla KAASALAINEN ◽  
Paul Muigai KIRIKA ◽  
Jouko RIKKINEN
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Montane Forests ◽  
Single Base ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Tropical Montane Forests ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
The Tropics

AbstractDuring lichenological explorations of tropical montane forests in Kenya, a remarkable new lichenicolous fungus was repeatedly found growing on thalli of the epiphytic tripartite cyanolichen Crocodia cf. clathrata. Molecular phylogenetic analyses placed the fungus within Gomphillaceae (Ostropales, Lecanoromycetes), a family mainly of lichen-symbiotic species in the tropics. The anatomical features (unitunicate, non-amyloid asci and simple, septate paraphyses) as well as the hemiangiocarpic ascoma development confirm its taxonomic affinity. DNA sequence data showed the closest relationship was with Gyalidea fritzei, followed by Corticifraga peltigerae. A monotypic genus, Taitaia, is introduced to incorporate a single species, T. aurea. The new fungus is characterized by aggregated ascomata with yellow margins and salmon red discs developing from a single base.

New combinations in Campanulorchis (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae): a reappraisal of the genus

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 323 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
JAN PONERT
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Single Genus ◽  
Taxonomic Categories

Tribe Podochileae are a systematically highly challenging orchid group. Although the delimitation of Podochileae is relatively stable and monophyly of this tribe was confirmed by DNA-based phylogenetic analysis (Ng 2002), taxonomic categories within this group have changed frequently. Some groups are well separated morphologically and have been widely accepted as separate genera for a long time, whereas the majority of species was usually placed into a single genus Eria Lindley (1825: 904). Morphological traits have indicated polyphyly of this genus, which led some authors at various times to propose segregate genera. Nevertheless, these concepts were poorly supported by relevant data, and other authors retained these species in Eria s.l. Finally, combined DNA analysis confirmed the polyphyly of Eria (Ng 2002) and resulted in recognition of several previously neglected groups at generic level (Cribb & Ng 2005), including Campanulorchis Brieger (1981: 750).Campanulorchis was originally proposed by Brieger (1981) with the single species C. globifera Brieger (1981: 750). Seidenfaden (1982, 1992) demonstrated that this species was likely to be closely related to other species of Eria and classified it in Eria sect. Strongylaria Pfitzer (1888: 175). Later, Seidenfaden (1992) suggested separation of E. pannea Lindley (1842: 64) from remaining Indochinese species of E. section Strongylaria. Phylogenetic analyses of Ng (2002) confirmed polyphyly of the section Strongylaria. The type species of E. section Strongylaria, E. pannea, was transferred to Mycaranthes Blume (1825: 352; Chen & Wood 2009), and three of the remaining taxa were transferred to a revised concept of Campanulorchis (Ng & Cribb 2005, Cribb & Ng 2005): C. globifera, C. leiophylla (Lindley 1858: 57) Ng & Cribb (2005: 272) and C. pellipes (Riechenbach in Hooker 1890: 802) Ng & Cribb (2005: 272). Four years later Chen & Wood (2009) added C. thao (Gagnepain 1950: 503) Chen & Wood (2009: 346) because it shares many morphological characters with the other Campanulorchis species, especially with C. globifera. Finally, C. pseudoleiophylla (Wood 1981: 209) Wood (2011: 176) was added (Wood et al. 2011) because this species is morphologically similar to C. leiophylla (Wood 1981). Thus, five species were accepted in the most recent orchid classification (Chase et al. 2015, Govaerts 2017). Here I add two more species to Campanulorchis.

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