scholarly journals Pengaruh Psychological Well-being terhadap Work Engagement Karyawan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-172
Author(s):  
Larasati Putri Utami
Keyword(s):  
Work Engagement ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Expert Judgment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Environmental Mastery ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Self Acceptance

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh psychological well-being terhadap work engagement karyawan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan merupakan penelitian ex-post facto. Subjek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 65 karyawan yang bekerja pada Hotel Crystal Lotus Yogyakarta. Metode pengambilan data menggunakan Skala Psychological well-being dan Skala Work engagement. Validitas menggunakan expert judgment. Reliabilitas menggunakan Alpha Cronbach. Teknik analisis data yaitu analisis deskriptif dan analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa: (1) psychological well-being berpengaruh terhadap work engagement; (2) self-acceptance berpengaruh terhadap work engagement; (3) positive relation with others tidak berpengaruh terhadap work engagement; (4) autonomy tidak berpengaruh terhadap work engagement; (5) environmental mastery tidak berpengaruh terhadap work engagement; (6) purpose of life berpengaruh terhadap work engagement; (7) personal growth berpengaruh terhadap work engagement. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa psychological well-being pada dimensi self-acceptance, purpose of life, dan personal growth memberikan pengaruh terhadap work engagement, sementara dimensi positive relation with others, autonomy, dan environmental mastery tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap work engagement.

scholarly journals Examining the Relationship between Gender and Psychological Well-Being

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Mohsen Khanbani ◽  
Asghar Aghaee ◽  
Mohsen Gol Parvar
Keyword(s):  
Personal Growth ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Living Together ◽  
Environmental Mastery ◽  
Self Acceptance ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was" Examine the relationship between gender and psychological well-being" (Self-acceptance, positive relations with others, autonomy, environmental mastery and personal growth) among married men and women in Isfahan.The research sample included men and women who have been living together for 5 to 10 years.For this purpose, the sample consisted of 231 couples based on a multi-stage sampling selected and studied.The research method was descriptive, causal-comparative. Research tools was Psychological well-being questionnaire Reef (2009).The results showed that there was significant difference between men and women in positive relations with others, environmental mastery and personal growth (p≤0.01) . But there was no significant relationship in self-acceptance and Autonomy.

scholarly journals High School Pupils’ Academic Achievement, Self-regulation (Locomotion and Assessment), and Psychological Well-Being

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Garcia ◽  
Alexander Jimmefors ◽  
Lillemor Adrianson ◽  
Fariba Mousavi ◽  
Patricia Rosenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Self ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Environmental Mastery ◽  
Self Acceptance ◽  
Final Grades

Background: Education plays an important role on a personal level because it is related to personal control, a healthy lifestyle, greater income, employment, interpersonal relations, and social support (Mirowsky & Ross, 2003). Self-regulation is the procedure implemented by an individual striving to reach a goal and consists of two inter-related strategies: (1) the identification of the desired out-come and the appraisal of procedures to reach the desired goal (i.e., assessment), and (2) the selection between available approaches to reach the goal and the commitment to the chosen approaches until the goal is reached (i.e., locomotion) (Kruglanski et al, 2000). Self-regulation plays an essential role in academic achievement (Kruglanski et al 1994, 2000). Psychological well-being is a multi-faceted concept composed of six different intra-personal characteristics that describe the fully functional individual (Ryff, 1989). These factors are: positive relationships with others, self-acceptance, environmental mastery, autonomy, purpose in life, and personal growth. We aimed to study the relationship between academic achievement and self-regulation and psychological well-being in Swedish high school pupils. Method: Participants were 160 Swedish high school pupils (111 boys and 49 girls) with an age mean of 17.74 (sd = 1.29). We used the Assessment and Locomotion Scales (Kruglanski et al., 2000) to measure self-regulation and Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scales short version (Clark et al., 2001) to measure well-being. Academic achievement was operationalized through pupils’ final grades in Swedish, Mathematics, English, and Physical Education. The courses take place during either one or two semesters and the grading scale ranges from F = fail to A = pass with distinction. Results: Final grades in Swedish were positively related to two psychological well-being scales: self-acceptance and personal growth; and to the self-regulation strategy of assessment. Final grades in Mathematics were positively related to three psychological well-being scales: self-acceptance, autonomy, and personal growth; and also to assessment. Final grades in English were positively related to one psychological well-being scale: personal growth; and also to assessment. Final grades in Physical Education were positively related to four psychological well-being scales: environmental mastery, self-acceptance, autonomy, and personal growth; and also to the self-regulation strategy of locomotion. Conclusions: A profile consisting of assessment orientation combined with self-acceptance and personal growth leads to the best study results. This understanding is important when supporting pupils in achieving the best possible results in school and thus lay the formation for a continued successful life.

scholarly journals Impact of the Application of Redecision Methods in Executive Coaching Workshops on Psychological Wellbeing: a Quantitative Evaluation of Effectiveness

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Widdowson ◽  
Peter Theuns ◽  
Mil Rosseau ◽  
Rik Rosseau
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Executive Coaching ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Environmental Mastery ◽  
Self Acceptance

Previous research has found that participants in redecision marathons experience increased personal growth and improvements in psychological well-being (McNeel, 1982; Noriega-Gayol, 1997; Widdowson & Rosseau, 2014). In this article, the authors conducted a quantitative analysis based on the use of the Ryff Scales of Psychological Wellbeing to determine whether participants (n=49) at an executive coaching redecision marathon would experience an increase in psychological well-being. The findings show statistically significant improvements in psychological well-being overall, and specifically within the sub-scales of autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth and self-acceptance, suggesting that redecision-based workshops are effective for improving subjective psychological well-being.

scholarly journals Kesejahteraan Psikologis Perempuan Anggota PKK

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-103
Author(s):  
Josephine Ondja ◽  
Olivia Hadiwirawan
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Purpose In Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Environmental Mastery ◽  
Self Acceptance ◽  
Two Phases

PKK (Empowerment and Family) is one of organization in Indonesia that aim to increase community’s welfare through empowering women in community. This study was intended to describe psychological well-being of women who volunteered in PKK. This study used mixed methods sequential explanatory strategy, consisted of two phases, quantitative followed by qualitative. Quantitative data were collected from 78 women members of PKK in Tanjung Duren Utara Sub-District, Jakarta by using modified Ryff’s Short Version Scale of Psychological Well-being. The result from quantitative analysis was categorized and showed psychological well-being of member PKK are high category for autonomy, self- acceptance, purpose in life, positive relations with others, and personal growth dimension; moderate category for environmental mastery dimension. Three women who have high score categorization in purpose in life and self-acceptance dimension were selected and interviewed to describe the psychological well being. In qualitative analysis, the major themes emerged for purpose in life dimension was women devoted their life for family and society. Themes emerged for self-acceptance dimension was women who sincere (ikhlas) in doing their role in community. PKK could emerge as a vessel for women to achieve and maintain their psychological well being.

scholarly journals Uji Validitas Konstruk Psychological Well-Being Scale Dengan Metode Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Fikri Mubarok ◽  
Miftahuddin Miftahuddin
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Purpose In Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Environmental Mastery ◽  
Self Acceptance

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk  menguji validitas konstruk dari psychological well-being scale.  Dalam  penelitian  ini peneliti  menguji enam  dimensi  psychological well-being  dari  Ryff (1989)  yaitu, self-acceptance, positive relation with others, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, dan personal growth dengan jumlah 42 item. Subjek penelitian adalah perawat  pada salah satu Rumah Sakit di Jakarta Cempaka Putih  yang  terdiri  dari 171 orang.  Metode  analisis  data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) dengan bantuan software  lisrel  8.70.  Berdasarkan  perhitungan  dengan  metode  CFA  dapat  disimpulkan  bahwa semua dimensi memerlukan modifikasi model pengukuran untuk memperoleh nilai fit. The purpose of this study is to examine construct validity from psychological well-being scale. In this study researchers tested six dimensions of psychological well-being from Ryff (1989), namely, self-acceptance, positive relations with others, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, and personal growth with a total of 42 items. The research subjects were nurses at one of the hospitals in Jakarta Cempaka Putih consisting of 171 people. The data analysis method used in this study is confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with the help of lisrel 8.70 software. Based on calculations using the CFA method it can be concluded that all dimensions require modification of the measurement model to obtain a fit value.

scholarly journals Uji Validitas Konstruk Pada Instrumen Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale Dengan Metode Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Merlyna Revelia
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Purpose In Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Boarding Schools ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Environmental Mastery ◽  
Self Acceptance

Psychological well-being merupakan kondisi mampunya seseorang mengeluarkan potensi penuh yang dimiliki dalam menjalani tantangan eksistensial kehidupan yang berlangsung lama. Individu demikian akan memfokuskan untuk pengembangan diri sepanjang umur atau dengan kata lain, ia merupakan pembelajar seumur hidup. Menurut Ryff dan Keyes (1995), psychological well-being meliputi enam dimensi, yaitu self-acceptance, positive relation with others, autonomy, purpose in life, personal growth, dan environmental mastery. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji validitas konstruk  instrumen tersebut. Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari santri pondok pesantren yang sedang menetap di pondok pesantren berjumlah 159 orang. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengujinya adalah confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) menggunakan software LISREL 8.70. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bawa seluruh item yang berjumlah 43 item bersifat unidimensional. Artinya seluruh item hanya mengukur satu faktor saja sehingga model satu faktor yang diteorikan oleh dapat diterima. Psychological well-being is a condition that enables a person to release his full potential in undergoing a life-long existential challenge. Such an individual will focus on lifelong self-development or in other words, he is a lifelong learner. According to Ryff and Keyes (1995), psychological well-being includes six dimensions, namely self-acceptance, positive relations with others, autonomy, purpose in life, personal growth, and environmental mastery. This study aims to examine the construct validity of the instrument. The data in this study were obtained from santri boarding schools that were settled in Islamic boarding schools totaling 159 people. The method used to test it is confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using LISREL 8.70 software. The results of this study show that all items totaling 43 items are unidimensional. This means that all items only measure one factor so that the one factor model is theorized by acceptable.

scholarly journals Aspects of the Psychological Well-being of Muslim Students in Bandung from the Perspective of Islamic Psychology during the Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-168
Author(s):  
Ecep Supriatna ◽  
Muhammad Rezza Septian ◽  
Tuti Alawiyah
Keyword(s):  
Personal Growth ◽  
Purpose In Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Muslim Students ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Environmental Mastery ◽  
Islamic Psychology ◽  
Self Acceptance

This article aims to explore aspects of the psychological well-being of Muslim students in Bandung during the Covid19 pandemic from the perspective of Islamic psychology. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. The research participants consisted of 576 Muslim students in Bandung. Data were collected using a psychological well-being instrument developed by Ryff. The data analysis technique used is factor analysis. Based on the results of the study, it was obtained that the dominant aspects of psychological well being were ranked, namely positive relations with others at 74.1%; second, purpose in life by 73.2%; third, self-acceptance of 71.5%; fourth, autonomy of 71.4%; fifth, environmental mastery of 70.1% and the sixth, personal growth of 69.8%.Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi aspek-aspek kesejahteraan psikologis pada mahasiswa muslim di kota Bandung selama pandemi Covid19. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survey. Partisipan penelitian terdiri dari 576 mahasiswa beragama Islam di kota Bandung dan Cimahi. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan instrumen kesejahteraan psikologis yang dikembangkan oleh Ryff. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis faktor. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh peringkat aspek-aspek yang dominan terhadap psychological well being yaitu: Pertama positive relations with others sebesar 74.1%; Kedua, purpose in life sebesar 73.2%; Ketiga,  self-acceptance sebesar 71.5%; Keempat, autonomy sebesar 71.4%; Kelima, environmental mastery sebesar 70.1%; dan Keenam, personal growth sebesar 69.8%.

scholarly journals Hubungan antara Psychological Well-Being dan Problematic Internet Use pada Emerging Adult

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-68
Author(s):  
Aisyah Syihab ◽  
Dyah Rani ◽  
Anindya Dewi Paramita
Keyword(s):  
Personal Growth ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Purpose In Life ◽  
Emerging Adult ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Problematic Internet Use ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Environmental Mastery ◽  
Convenience Sampling

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan psychological well-being dan problematic internet use pada emerging adult. Responden pada penelitian ini berjumlah 210 emerging adult di Jakarta dengan teknik pengambilan sampel convenience sampling. Psychological well-being diukur menggunakan Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS) yang dikembangkan oleh Ryff (1989). Problematic Internet Use diukur menggunakan Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 2 (GPIUS-2) yang dikembangkan oleh Caplan (2010). Data penelitian ini dianalisis dengan teknik korelasi sederhana. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan hasil bahwa terdapat hubungan signifikan negatif antara semua dimensi psychological well-being (self-acceptance, positive relation with others, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, personal growth) dan problematic internet use. 

scholarly journals VYRESNIŲ KLASIŲ MOKINIŲ PSICHOLOGINĖS GEROVĖS PROGNOSTINIAI KINTAMIEJI

Psichologija ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 7-21
Author(s):  
Ž. Šarakauskienė ◽  
A. Bagdonas
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Purpose In Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Environmental Mastery ◽  
Self Acceptance

Vis daugėjant paauglių psichinių sutrikimų, kartu esant ribotoms investicijoms ir paslaugų prieinamumui, kyla susidomėjimas mokinių psichologine gerove. Atliktas tyrimas siekia užpildyti šios imties psichologinės gerovės tyrimų trūkumą ir praplečia supratimą, kokie yra Lietuvos vyresnių klasių mokinių psichologinės gerovės prognostiniai veiksniai. Buvo ištirti Lietuvos vyresniųjų klasių mokinių psichologinės gerovės matmenys (savęs priėmimas, gyvenimo tikslas, aplinkos kontrolė, asmeninis augimas, teigiami santykiai su kitais, autonomija) ir, apklausus 655 aštuntų, dešimtų ir dvyliktų klasių Lietuvos mokinius iš 21 bendrojo lavinimo ir profesinio rengimo mokyklos, naudojant daugialypę tiesinę regresiją nustatyta, kad vyresnių klasių mokinių psichologinė gerovė nepriklauso nuo šeimos sudėties, jų gyvenamosios vietos, dalyvavimo popamokinėje veikloje. Griežtos išvados dėl lyties, amžiaus, ekonominių išteklių ir psichologinės gerovės nepriklausomybės daryti negalima. Vaikinų aplinkos kontrolės, gyvenimo tikslo ir savęs priėmimo matmenų įverčiai didesni už merginų, 18 m. mokinių asmeninio augimo ir gyvenimo tikslo įverčiai didesni už jaunesnių, o mokinių iš tėvų gaunamos pajamos smulkioms išlaidoms nebuvo susijusios su šiais dviem psichologinės gerovės matmenimis. Sėkmingesnis mokymasis reikšmingai prognozavo didesnius autonomijos, asmeninio augimo ir gyvenimo tikslo skalių įverčius. Asmenybės kintamieji stipriau nei sociodemografiniai prognozavo mokinių psichologinę gerovę. Ekstraversija susijusi su didesne psichologine gerove, sąmoningumas – su didesniais aplinkos kontrolės ir gyvenimo tikslo matmenų įverčiais. Emocinis stabilumas susijęs su aplinkos kontrolės, teigiamų santykių su kitais ir savęs priėmimo matmenimis. Neurotiškumas nesusijęs su autonomijos ir gyvenimo tikslo matmenimis. Internalumas prognozuoja didesnę psichologinę gerovę. Vis dėlto šiame tyrime analizuoti sociodemografiniai ir asmenybės prognostiniai kintamieji paaiškina tik nedidelę dalį psichologinės gerovės matmenų dispersijos. Tai reiškia, kad ateities tyrimuose reikia ieškoti kitų prognostinių kintamųjų, kurie paaiškintų likusią didesnę dispersijos dalį.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: psichologinė gerovė, mokiniai, asmenybės bruožai, kontrolės lokusas, sociodemografiniai kintamieji.Predictors of older schoolchildren’s psychological well-beingŠarakauskienė Ž., Bagdonas A. SummaryThe rising numbers of the adolescents’ psychological disorders, on the background of limited investments and available psychological services, awake interest in schoolchildren’s psychological well-being. The goal of the study was to determine which sociodemographic and personality variables are significant predictors of the older schoolchildren’s different psychological well-being dimensions. The dimensions of Lithuanian older schoolchildren’s (N = 655, from 21 general and professional education schools) psychological well-being (autonomy (Cronbach’s α = 0.72), environmental mastery (α = 0.62), personal growth (α = 0.60), positive relations with others (α = 0.72), purpose in life (α = 0.67), and self-acceptance (α = 0.74)) were measured, and with the help of multiple linear regression the psychological well-being was found not to depend an family composition, living place (41.8% were from five biggest cities, 36.8% from region towns, 21.4% from villages), attendance of extracurricular activities. It wasn’t possible to draw an unambiguous conclusion concerning psychological well-being independence on gender (58% were girls), age and economic resources. Boys had higher scores than girls in environmental mastery, purpose in life and self-acceptance, 18-year-old schoolchildren had scored higher than younger ones in personal growth and purpose in life dimensions; the amount of money received for minor expenses had no relationship with the latter two dimensions of psychological well-being. The internal locus of control predicted a higher psychological well-being. A higher learning success significantly positively predicted the autonomy, personal growth and purpose in life. Personality variables predicted schoolchildren’s psychological well-being stronger than did sociodemographic ones. Extraversion predicted a higher psychological well-being in all six dimensions, and the consciousness factor positively impacted the environmental mastery and purpose in life scores. Emotional stability predicted a higher environmental mastery, positive relations with others and self-acceptance. Neuroticism was unrelated with autonomy and purpose in life. attention must be paid to the fact that the significant prognostic sociodemographic and personality variables analysed in the study accounted for only rather small amounts of psychological well-being dimension variance (from 16.5% in autonomy and personal growth to 28.6% in environmental mastery and positive relations with others).Keywords: schoolchildren, psychological well-being, personality traits, locus of control, sociodemographic variables.

scholarly journals PERSONALITY TRAITS AND STRESS AS PREDICTORS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING AMONG STUDENTS IN SCHOOLS OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY MAKURDI

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-78
Author(s):  
Benjamin Terzungwe Dzer, PhD ◽  
Josephine Iveren Atsehe ◽  
Egbe Agu Tomen, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Student Nurses ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Schools Of Nursing ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Single Construct

This study investigated personality traits and stress as predictors of psychological well-being among students in schools of nursing and midwifery, Makurdi. The study employed the ex post facto research design. The Big Five Personality traits Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, and Ryff’s Scale of psychological well-being were used to collect data from the participants. The participants constituted 25 (10.2%) males and 220 (89.8%) females with a mean age of 0.992. The study tested three hypotheses and each of the hypotheses tested six dimensions of Ryff’s psychological well-being using simple linear regression and multiple linear regressions. Result in hypothesis (1a) showed a significant outcome for conscientiousness, openness and neuroticism on psychological well-being (autonomy) [F (5,239) = 181.093, P < .001. Hypothesis (1b) likewise had a significant outcome for conscientiousness, openness and neuroticism on psychological well-being (environmental mastery) [F (5,329) = 44.720, P < .001. Hypothesis (1c) was accepted for conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness on psychological well-being (personal growth) [F (5, 237) = 71.964, P < .001. Hypothesis (1d) was confirmed for conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness on psychological well-being (positive relations with others) [F (5,239) = 77.131, P < .001. Hypothesis (1e) was accepted for all except extraversion on psychological well-being (purpose in life) [F (5,239) = 53.709, P < .001. Hypothesis (1f) was confirmed only for openness on psychological well-being (self-acceptance) [F (2,237) = 28.625 P < .001. Hypotheses (2a) to (2f) rejected the postulation of stress on all the dimensions of psychological well-being. Likewise, hypotheses (3a) to (3f) also rejected the joint predictions of personality traits and stress on psychological well-being among students. In conclusion, Personality traits significantly predicted psychological well-being of students in schools of nursing and midwifery, Makurdi. Particularly, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness personality traits found to influence psychological well-being while extraversion and agreeableness were the lowest personality traits influencing psychological well-being among students. In the contrary, stress rather positively predicted student’s psychological well-being as against earlier postulation that stress will negatively and significantly influence psychological well-being among students. Based on the findings, that personality traits and stress did not jointly influence psychological well-being among students in schools of nursing and midwifery, Makurdi. It was recommended that, more empirical research be geared towards student nurses’/midwives’ psychological well-being owning to their different personality traits in the course of their professional program. More so, research should be focused on Ryff’s dimensions of psychological well-being since psychological well-being is not a single construct but multidimensional to assist student nurses/midwives gain optimal psychological well-being.

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