scholarly journals Marginal Part-Time Employment in Indonesian Labor Market: Profile and Determinant

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-244
Author(s):  
Dede Mahmuda
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Demographic Characteristic ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Vulnerable Group ◽  
Marginal Part ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Stable Employment

Abstract: The increase of marginal part-time employment has been found in developed countries, as well as in developing countries. This form of non-standard employment has very short work hours (less than 15 hours/week) and no guarantee of stable employment. In Indonesia, the share of part-time worker amongst working population increased from 15.4 percent in 2009 to 22.1 percent in 2018. Unfortunately, few studies discuss about marginal part-time employment. Using binary logistic regression, this study aims to identify marginal part-time workers based on their socio-demographic characteristic. The result indicates that female (OR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.75-1.87), living in rural area (OR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.08-1.16), and less educated are more likely to be marginal part-timer. Therefore, it is recommended for policymakers to ensure the labor regulation adequately protect the rights of part-time worker, so that the workers condition can be improved since they are most vulnerable group in the globalized economy.Keywords: non-standard employment, labor market, part-time, Indonesia Pekerja Paruh Waktu Marjinal Pada Pasar Tenaga Kerja Indonesia: Profil dan DeterminanAbstrak: Peningkatan pekerja paruh waktu marjinal telah teramati pada negara-negara maju dan juga negara berkembang. Salah satu bentuk pekerjaan non-standar ini memiliki jam kerja yang sangat pendek (kurang dari 15 jam seminggu) dan tidak adanya jaminan kestabilan pekerjaan. Di Indonesia, proporsi pekerja paruh waktu diantara penduduk bekerja meningkat dari 15,4 persen pada 2009 menjadi 22,1 persen pada 2018. Sayangnya, hanya sedikit studi yang membahas tentang pekerjaan paruh waktu marjinal. Dengan menggunakan regresi logistik biner, studi ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pekerja paruh waktu marjinal berdasarkan karakteristik sosio-demografinya. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa perempuan (OR: 1,81; 95% CI: 1,75-1,87), penduduk desa (OR: 1,12; 95% CI: 1,08-1,16), dan kurang berpendidikan berisiko lebih besar menjadi pekerja paruh waktu marjinal. Oleh karena itu, direkomendasikan bagi pembuat kebijakan untuk dapat memastikan peraturan ketenagakerjaan cukup untuk melindungi hak-hak pekerja paruh waktu khusus yang termarjinal agar kondisi pekerja dapat ditingkatkan karena mereka adalah kelompok paling rentan dalam ekonomi global.Kata kunci: pekerjaan non-standar, pasar tenaga kerja, paruh waktu, Indonesia

scholarly journals The Effects of Labor Market Characteristics on Women’s Poverty in Korea

Economies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Yhesaem Park ◽  
Almas Heshmati
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Poverty Status ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Female Headed Households

Background: Poverty in Korea is not gender neutral. Both male headed and female headed households experience poverty in distinct ways. This research discusses poverty and how it has evolved in Korea from a gender perspective. Methods: It describes the characteristics of poverty among the working population based on gender and other household attributes. It measures poverty relative to the mean and median incomes of the population in three ways: headcount, poverty gap, and poverty severity. The study uses the probit model to estimate the incidence of poverty and the Heckman sample selection model to analyze poverty’s gap and severity. Our empirical results are based on an unbalanced household level panel covering the period 2006–2016. Results: Our results indicate that multiple factors including issues related to the labor market and demographic characteristics contribute to women’s poverty. Within the working population, women are less likely to be poor than men because they share their partners’ incomes. However, single female workers with children are the poorest demographic group. Conclusion: “Part-time jobs” are a critical factor in determining women’s poverty status, while “work years” and “the quality of occupation” have a crucial impact on the incidence and severity of poverty.

Paid Work

Sociology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudi Wielers
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Work Relationships ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Employment Relations ◽  
Employment Relationships ◽  
Institutional Differences ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Societal Changes

Ever since the emergence of sociology as a discipline, sociologists have shown an interest in paid work. Marx, Weber, and Durkheim’s interest in societal changes was inspired by the rise of market relations and paid work. The classical sociologists studied the growth and spread of paid work in relation to the development of inequality, rationalization, and social cohesion. Since then, the form and content of employment relationships has changed substantially and keeps on changing. The continued interest of sociologists in these developments has culminated in a well-established field of research. This article explores that field of research in three parts. The first part of the bibliography lists textbooks, reference manuals, journals, and national research traditions. The field shows substantial variety due to the constant development of the labor market and employment relations, and due to institutional differences in the architecture of employment relations. The second part of the article focuses on developments in paid work. The following themes are explored: the growth of paid work relationships, the increase in the number of paid work hours, the major changes in the architecture of employment relationships, the effects of paid work relationships on the well-being of workers, and the development of work values and work-hour preferences. The third part focuses on different labor market positions. This section starts with the standard employment relationship and then moves on to its counterpart: unemployment. It continues with workers in nonstandard positions, such as temporary jobs, part-time jobs, jobs with irregular and long work hours, and self-employed workers.

RUSSIAN LABOR MARKET IN THE DIGITAL ERA: DISCRIMINATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
E. A. MOSAKOVA ◽  
◽  
M. V. DUBKOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Age Discrimination ◽  
Pay Gap ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Vertical Segregation ◽  
Female Employees

The article examines the state of the Russian labor market in the digital age, namely, gender and age discrimination. Based on the Gender Inequality Index calculated using the WEF methodology, it is shown that over the past decade and a half, the position of the Russian women in the terms of the gender inequality in the economic sphere have improved. However, compared to a number of developed countries, on the contrary, the situation has deteriorated. Moreover, the article proves that the Russian labor market is largely characterized by ageism, which is most strongly manifested in relation to female employees. The most acute problems of the modern Russian labor market still remain: the gender pay gap, horizontal and vertical segregation, significant share of women in part-time employment, stronger age discrimination against the young workers and workers of pre-retirement age.

scholarly journals Conciliación y contrato a tiempo parcial en España: efectos de la crisis = Family and work reconciliation and part-time contracts in Spain: effects of the crisis

2012 ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Valentín Bote Álvarez-Carrasco ◽  
Alfredo Cabezas Ares
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Credit Market ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Peculiar Behaviour ◽  
Current Economic Crisis ◽  
Part Time ◽  
National Governments

Resumen<br /><br />Tanto la Unión Europea, como los diferentes gobiernos nacionales han ido tomando medidas tendentes a la flexibilización de la jornada de trabajo con el objeto de facilitar una mejor conciliación entre vida laboral y familiar de los trabajadores. La consecución de este objetivo se ha visto comprometida por el impacto de la actual recesión en el mercado laboral. El colapso del mercado crediticio está repercutiendo de forma notable en el empleo, registrándose una abultada pérdida de puestos de trabajo desde el año 2008. A pesar de este proceso, simultáneamente se observa un aumento en el número de personas contratadas a tiempo parcial. En este artículo se pretende analizar dicho comportamiento diferencial del contrato a tiempo parcial, detallando las características de la evolución registrada por esta forma contractual en el marco de la actual crisis económica.<br /><br />Abstract<br /><br />Both the European Union and various national governments are taking measures in favor of making the work hours more flexible and easier to combine with family life. The achievement of this aim has been affected by the current labor market recession: the collapse of the credit market has significant effects on employment, as, since 2008, it has been registered a huge loss of jobs. However, despite this process, at the same time, it has been observed an increase in employees with part-time contract. In this article, we intend to analyse the peculiar behaviour of part-time contracts, providing details on the characteristics of this contractual form in the context of the current economic crisis.

Intergenerational Earnings Mobility in Italy

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sauro Mocetti
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Intergenerational Mobility ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Labor Market Success ◽  
Term Labor

Abstract This paper contributes to the growing number of studies on intergenerational mobility by providing a measure of earnings elasticity for Italy. The absence of an appropriate data set is overcome by adopting the two-sample two-stage least squares method. The analysis, based on the Survey of Household Income and Wealth, shows that intergenerational mobility is lower in Italy than it is in other developed countries. We also examine the reasons why the long-term labor market success of children is related to that of their fathers.

scholarly journals The Gender Gap in Employment Hours: Do Work-Hour Regulations Matter?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liana Christin Landivar
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Work Hour ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Household Allocation ◽  
Weekly Work

In all developed countries, women, especially mothers, work fewer paid hours than their spouses. However, the magnitude of the gender gap varies significantly by country, ranging from 2 to 20 hours per week in this study. Using data from the 2002 International Social Survey Programme, this article investigates whether work-hour regulations have a significant effect on household allocation of paid labour and gender work-hour inequality. Two main types of work-hour regulations are examined: standard weekly work hours and the maximum allowable weekly work hours. Results show that households in countries with shorter maximum weekly work hours had less work-hour inequality between spouses, as each additional allowable overtime hour over the standard workweek increased the work-hour gap between couples by 20 minutes. These results indicate that couples’ inequality in work hours and gender inequality in labour supply are associated with country-level work-hour regulations.

Changes in the labor market status during the COVID-19 pandemic and subjective well-being of Russians

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-153
Author(s):  
N. E. Soboleva ◽  
B. O. Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Remote Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Market Status ◽  
High Level

This paper investigates the association between changes in the labor market status and subjective well-being of Russians during the COVID-19 pandemic. The materials of the first stage of the international project “Values in crisis” form the empirical dataset. Regression analysis shows that individuals who lost their jobs or closed their business during the initial period of the pandemic are somewhat less satisfied with their lives than those who did not. Being reduced to part-time work and working from home are not directly related to subjective well-being. At the same time, the strength of the association between subjective well-being and possible changes of the labor market status depends on such factors as the presence of children, as well as the value of self-enhancement (according to Schwartz) and conscientiousness (one of the Big Five personality traits). The job or business loss is associated with a decrease in subjective well-being among respondents without children; this association is not observed among those with children. In addition, the negative relationship between life satisfaction and job or business loss is stronger among individuals with high level of self-enhancement and weaker among those with high level of conscientiousness. Among respondents who had to switch to part-time or remote work, having children reduces the level of subjective well-being; among those without such experience, it is positively associated with subjective well-being.

UNEMPLOYMENT AS A SIGN OF INSTABILITY IN SOCIETY

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Р. Х. Азиева ◽  
Х. Э. Таймасханов
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Modern World ◽  
High Unemployment ◽  
Global Problem ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

В современном мировом пространстве политика государств сопряжена с решением такой глобальной проблемы, как безработица. За последние три десятилетия безработица стала одной из наиболее значимых проблем не только в развивающихся, но и в развитых странах, так как безработица приводит к массовой нищете и угрожает социальной и политической стабильности. В статье представлены масштабы изменений в сфере занятости в условиях неопределенности и дана оценка влияния происходящих процессов на изменения структуры занятости. А также авторами представлены рекомендации по стабилизации рынка труда для недопущения высокого уровня безработицы и падения уровня жизни населения. In the modern world space, the policy of states is associated with the solution of such a global problem as unemployment. Over the past three decades, unemployment has become one of the most significant problems, not only in developing countries, but also in developed countries, as unemployment leads to mass poverty and threatens social and political stability. The article presents the scale of changes in the field of employment in conditions of uncertainty and assesses the impact of the processes on changes in the structure of employment. The authors also present recommendations for stabilizing the labor market to prevent high unemployment and falling living standards of the population.

Easterlin Cycles: Fertility and the Labor Market

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. Cyrus Chu
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Crude Birth Rate ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Group B ◽  
Second Period

I mentioned in chapter 7 that the fluctuation of human population can be summarized into three broad categories: the pretransitional, transitional, and posttransitional cycles. Among these three categories, the last one has caught the attention of most demographic economists in the past thirty years. The main reason for this unbalanced research attention is that the posttransitional cycles appear only in developed countries, where high-quality data are available for empirical research. The recent development of advanced mathematical tools also facilitates the analysis of posttransitional density-dependent population dynamics. In this chapter we will provide a summary of the theoretical and empirical analyses of the most typical population fluctuations in the posttransitional period: the so-called Easterlin cycles. The well-known Easterlin cycles, named after the pioneer work by Richard Easterlin (1961, 1980), describe the observed two-generation-long birth cycles in the twentieth-century United States and in several other developed countries. Easterlin believed that there were two features associated with the observed cycles: they are related to the labor market, and they are more or less “self-generating” (Easterlin, 1961). The first feature implies that a complete theoretical framework should characterize how people’s fertility behavior is affected by the labor market and how the labor market is affected by the fertility pattern. The second feature addresses whether the theoretical framework can generate a persistent fertility fluctuation. An ideal theoretical framework should embody both of these features, and an ideal empirical analysis should also be compatible with these features. We start the background introduction by studying a Malthusian model presented by Lee (1974). Let us consider an overlapping-generation framework in which each individual lives one or two periods. The first period is childhood, the second period is adulthood, and all surviving adults will be in the labor force. Lee wrote down the following two equations: . . . W(t) = f(L(t)), (10.1). . . . . . b(t) = g(W(t)), (10.2). . . where W(t) is the wage rate (at time t), L is the size of the adult age group, b is the crude birth rate, and f(.) and g(.) are functions with f'(.) < 0 and g'(.) > 0.

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