scholarly journals TEOLOGI, KEKUASAAN, DAN KEADILAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF SEJARAH ISLAM

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saefur Rochmat
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Background ◽  
Early History ◽  
The Core ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nahdlatul Ulama ◽  
Universal Application

AbstractIt is very often for some people to define theology as the core of Islamic teachings in the regard of its content as the science of God. It has Arabic similar terms such as Aqidah and Kalam for explaining the principles of God. It is not surprisingly that Moslem should deal with the issues of theology since the early history of Islam, but why do appear some conflicts in the matters of theology.Theological controversies are something inherent regarding theology is the result of man’s thinking which are bound by the limits of space and of time as the contexts. In other words, theology is the application of the principle of universalism of Islamic teachings in the certain contexts of space and time. Consequently theology is improperly to be claimed as having a universal application. That is why theology is different from iman (belief). It is believed by the Sufis who evaluate correctly that theology does not have an in-depth feeling of spirituality due to its main focus on the use of ratio for the elaboration. Meanwhile iman exists in all religions theology exists in the religions which deal with the matters of worldly affairs, especially in monotheist religions such as Yew, Christian, and Islam.Theology is in great need at the time of crisis such as at the time of the death of Muhammad PBUH the prophet. Indeed at that time theology has not developed well and be arranged systematically as today. We have some theological groups such as Shiite, Sunni, Khawarij. And in Indonesia we have Muhammadiyah, Nahdlatul Ulama, and PKS which all of them come from the Sunni sect. It is possible to notice them from their different socio-cultural background. In other words, socio-cultural background influence the form of theology.Keywords: theology, belief, Sunni, Shiite, Muhammadiyah, NU, and PKS.

scholarly journals Intellectual Dimensions of Madīnian Polity and its Implication for Islamic Governance: Lessons from the Early History of Islam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senad Mrahorović
Keyword(s):  
Early History ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Specific Kind ◽  
The Core ◽  
Principal Source ◽  
History Of ◽  
Islamic Faith ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Unity Of God

The very first verse revealed to the Prophet of Islam ﷺ, namely ﴾ Read in the name of your Lord ﴿ implied the concept of knowledge that corresponds with the intellectual attestation of the first article of Islamic faith, that is, the belief in the unity of God, which for its part requires a specific kind of knowledge related to the Divine. With the same token, the Revelation continued to provide the Prophet ﷺ with the intellectual and spiritual insights that he ﷺ perfectly transformed into the nucleus based on which the first Islamic state known as the Madīnian polity was firmly established. Hence, in this paper, the analysis will cover the intellectual dimensions of the Madīnian polity portrayed here in three essential aspects: the revelation as the principal source of knowledge, the affirmation as the intellectual and practical application of knowledge, and the manifestation as the individual and communal reflection of knowledge. I will argue that the said aspects as they were displayed in the Madīnian polity are the core factors that underpin the Islamic governance as such.

scholarly journals Traditions of transgressive sacrality (against blasphemy) in Hinduism

1970 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 1-162
Author(s):  
Claus Peter Zoller
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Early History ◽  
Religious Violence ◽  
North India ◽  
Historical Contingency ◽  
The Core ◽  
Linguistic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
Abrahamic Religions

The following essay pursues the question whether a possible non-singular immigration-encounter-event between speakers of dialects of Indo-Aryan and (as maintained in this essay) speakers of dialects of Austro-Asiatic (mostly Munda) have not only left marks in the linguistic history of Indo-Aryan (analyzed in Zoller forthcoming), but also in the cultural and political history of North India. My argumentation will follow several lines of nested arguments, but the most general is this: Whereas in the Abrahamic religions of Christianity and Islam a combination of proclivity for expansionism plus proclivity for religious violence have led to a virtual eradication or at least a subjugation of infidel traditions in the core areas of their religious/political powers (i.e. Europe and Middle East), this venture was less successful in case of South Asia. Thus the most salient aspect of this historical contingency is the fact that cultural historians – but also historical linguists – can see much deeper and much more unimpeded into the prehistory and early history both of the Indo-Aryan and the non-Indo-Aryan (= mainly Austro-Asiatic) North Indian world. The opposition between Abrahamic monotheists and Hindu ‘infidels’ manifests also in the contrast between the topics of blasphemy and transgressive sacrality. The former is typically associated with Abrahamic religions, whereas there is an abundance and great variety of examples of transgressive sacrality in Hinduism.

Shaping the Local Economic Environment

2019 ◽  
pp. 141-170
Author(s):  
Mario Polèse
Keyword(s):  
New Orleans ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Gold Rush ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Early History ◽  
Economic Environment ◽  
The Core ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
Local Environments ◽  
History Of

This chapter explores the attributes that help make local environments conducive to productive economic behavior. Several attributes are explored, beginning with integrity in local government and a short history of corruption and urban mismanagement in America, New Orleans serving as an instructive example. New Orleans’s sad story takes us back to Louisiana’s early history, the issue of race never far from the surface. The chapter also describes how the roots of Silicon Valley’s success go back to the California Gold Rush, helping to shape a unique institutional environment that promoted innovation. As the chapter explains, the unlikely success of Minneapolis-St. Paul, both peripheral and cold, can be traced back to Minnesota’s first settlers. Many of these early settlers were Scandinavian who traditionally placed a high value on education and work. Primary and secondary education matter as much, and often more, than PhDs. A competent and numerically literate workforce is at the core of many small and midsized urban success stories.

Introductory remarks

1982 ◽  
Vol 306 (1492) ◽  
pp. 9-10 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Geomagnetic Field ◽  
Early History ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Earth ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Additional Constraints

The suggestion for this Discussion Meeting was put forward more than three years ago. The format of the programme has changed many times since the original version, reflecting in part changing interests in different aspects of the subject. Of the 25 papers to be presented, only 5 discuss the constitution of the core, 13 deal with the geomagnetic field (including the secular variation and reversals) and all but 1 of the remaining 7 on geophysical interpretations are also concerned with the geomagnetic field. This emphasis on geomagnetism reflects the additional constraints that the absence or presence of a magnetic field may put on the constitution of all the planets and the Moon. In contrast to the Earth, the record of the first 10 9 years of planetary history is still at least partly preserved on the Moon, Mercury and Mars (and perhaps on Venus), and a study of this record on these other bodies may yield some information on the early history of the Earth. We have some seismic data for the Moon, but it is only for the Earth that we have a rich store of such data. In this connection, a word of caution is in order. It must not be forgotten that the structure of the Earth as revealed by seismic data is only a snapshot of what it is like today, and in many ways a very imperfect snapshot. There is no science of palaeoseismology, and seismic data tell us nothing about the structure of the Earth in the past nor of its evolution.

Emergence

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel David
Keyword(s):  
New Orleans ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Revenue Sharing ◽  
Early History ◽  
Coastal Restoration ◽  
The Core ◽  
History Of

This chapter introduces Anne Milling, the New Orleans civic activist who founded Women of the Storm. The chapter presents her brief biography before delving into the early history of the formation of the core membership of the still unnamed incipient group. It outlines the processes involved in coming up with group names and establishing its goals, including the mission to invite members of Congress to see the destruction firsthand and a coastal restoration initiative funded through an oil and gas revenue sharing agreement.

Thought I Had Your Heart Forever

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward P. Comentale
Keyword(s):  
Country Music ◽  
Early History ◽  
Processes Of Change ◽  
Dynamic Phenomenon ◽  
Entire Region ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Carter Family ◽  
A Current

This chapter shows how country music provided emotional bearing for an entire region gripped by processes of change. It presents country song as a dynamic phenomenon of space and time, one that provides an affective link between home and away as well as past and present. In the commercial ballads of the late 1920s and early 1930s, the chapter shows how the ground slips away and time moves forward, and the listener is propelled backward and forward on a current of uneasy but thrilling affect that comes to stand in for regional experience itself. The chapter develops this argument through four different moments in the early history of country music: the popularity of Fiddlin' John Carson; the underexplored influence of the Vagabonds and the Delmores; the Carter Family, the “First Family of Country Music;” and country radio.

scholarly journals Proper Names as Evidence in the History of the Slavs in Eastern Germany. Review of the book: Wenzel W. Die slawische Besiedlung des Landes zwischen Elbe und Saale. Namenkundliche Studien / Hrsg. von A. Brendler & S. Brendler. Hamburg : Baar, 2019. 333 S.

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-264
Author(s):  
Karlheinz Hengst ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Early History ◽  
German Language ◽  
The Core ◽  
Exact Evaluation ◽  
Immigration And Settlement ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
University Of Leipzig

This book is an important contribution to the study of the early history of the Slavs in southern East Germany. As a professor at the University of Leipzig, the author spent more than 60 years at the core of the Leipzig Onomastic School which is internationally recognised for the works of its founders, Ernst Eichler and Hans Walter. As a language historian and Slavist, Walter Wenzel has authored numerous works on Slavic personal and place names in the area of distribution of Sorbian in the Middle Ages. For several years he has been the senior and the most influential figure in Slavic onomastic research in Leipzig. His endeavour is always directed towards an in-depth and exact evaluation of the sources of genuinely Slavic language forms, the historical works, and documents written in Latin from the 7th to the 14th century. The findings on Slavic-German language contact accumulated over many years of research allow to revisit and refine the results of the earlier publications of the Leipzig school, as well as to introduce new etymologies. With the new book, a further supplement to previously existing reference works is now available. A register of names also reveals the author’s new linguistic historical findings and their significance in understanding immigration and settlement history of the Slavs between the rivers Elbe and Saale in Central Germany.

Two Chronographic Notes

1969 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Forrest
Keyword(s):  
Early History ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Professional Historian ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theoretical Pattern ◽  
Modern Europe ◽  
Of Greece

The average educated Greek, I am sure, knew the early history of Greece as well as the average educated European knows the history of modern Europe, and could no more separate Theopompos from the first Messenian War or put Pheidon after Kypselos than we can separate Wellington from Waterloo or make Frederick the Great follow Napoleon.The professional historian, antiquarian, or chronographer would know much more, but could readily distort what he knew in trying to impose some theoretical pattern on the past. Where so many of our sources are theoretical (all the chronographers for example) and when they survive in fragments which are rarely substantial enough to show in detail the theory on which they worked, it is not easy to see through to the core of Greek belief on which they were based. But facts there were and in the main it was from them that the theorizing started.

Some early history of replica techniques for electron microscopy

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1076-1077
Author(s):  
Robert M. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Early History ◽  
Bulk Materials ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
History Of ◽  
Electron Microscopes

By 1940, a half dozen or so commercial or home-built transmission electron microscopes were in use for studies of the ultrastructure of matter. These operated at 30-60 kV and most pioneering microscopists were preoccupied with their search for electron transparent substrates to support dispersions of particulates or bacteria for TEM examination and did not contemplate studies of bulk materials. Metallurgist H. Mahl and other physical scientists, accustomed to examining etched, deformed or machined specimens by reflected light in the optical microscope, were also highly motivated to capitalize on the superior resolution of the electron microscope. Mahl originated several methods of preparing thin oxide or lacquer impressions of surfaces that were transparent in his 50 kV TEM. The utility of replication was recognized immediately and many variations on the theme, including two-step negative-positive replicas, soon appeared. Intense development of replica techniques slowed after 1955 but important advances still occur. The availability of 100 kV instruments, advent of thin film methods for metals and ceramics and microtoming of thin sections for biological specimens largely eliminated any need to resort to replicas.

The early history of tuberous sclerosis

1979 ◽  
Vol 115 (11) ◽  
pp. 1317-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Tuberous Sclerosis ◽  
Early History ◽  
History Of
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