scholarly journals Intellectual Dimensions of Madīnian Polity and its Implication for Islamic Governance: Lessons from the Early History of Islam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senad Mrahorović
Keyword(s):  
Early History ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Specific Kind ◽  
The Core ◽  
Principal Source ◽  
History Of ◽  
Islamic Faith ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Unity Of God

The very first verse revealed to the Prophet of Islam ﷺ, namely ﴾ Read in the name of your Lord ﴿ implied the concept of knowledge that corresponds with the intellectual attestation of the first article of Islamic faith, that is, the belief in the unity of God, which for its part requires a specific kind of knowledge related to the Divine. With the same token, the Revelation continued to provide the Prophet ﷺ with the intellectual and spiritual insights that he ﷺ perfectly transformed into the nucleus based on which the first Islamic state known as the Madīnian polity was firmly established. Hence, in this paper, the analysis will cover the intellectual dimensions of the Madīnian polity portrayed here in three essential aspects: the revelation as the principal source of knowledge, the affirmation as the intellectual and practical application of knowledge, and the manifestation as the individual and communal reflection of knowledge. I will argue that the said aspects as they were displayed in the Madīnian polity are the core factors that underpin the Islamic governance as such.

ЦЕННОСТИ И СМЫСЛЫ НЕНАСИЛИЯ В ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОМ ПРОТЕСТЕ

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Л. Ю. Логунова ◽  
Е. А. Маженина
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
New Left ◽  
Political Protest ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
The Core ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Left Movement

The article presents the results of a long-term study of protest as a cultural phenomenon, the transformation of values, realized in the activities of the best people of the planet and their followers. These values have absorbed the experience of many generations and the behavior of people defending the rights of an individual to dignity, equality before the law, fair attitude, freedom of thought. In the history of the development of political thought, values have formed that constitute the core of civil culture. The genesis of the birth of the nucleus of civil culture from the thinkers of Antiquity, ideologists of nonviolent resistance, leaders of the French bourgeois revolution, activists of the “new left” movement to the protests of our time is shown. The basis for updating the protection of these values is the socio-political situation, characterized by the divergence of interests of civil society and ruling political groups. The values of the core of civil culture (freedom of speech, freedom of conscience, freedom of assembly, human rights) acquire an acute urgency in situations of power crisis. This is the time of the birth of new values that will mobilize new generations of protesters. Protest, as an act of protecting the values of the individual, is a measure of the level of development of political culture in the state. The protest — it's not just a mass exit of dissent on the area. This is an indicator of the level of self-awareness of citizens and the development of the political culture of society. The symbols of political protest actions are a special text that expresses the meanings of values. The authors present the results of a sociological study, which used comparative, value-semantic, interpretive approaches, studied the meanings and values of political protests of the 20th — early 19th centuries, analyzed visual and publicistic evidence of protest actions: photo and video materials, publications in the press.

A history of the altruism–morality debate in biology

Behaviour ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 151 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 147-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oren Harman
Keyword(s):  
Levels Of Selection ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
The Core ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Core Issues

Many different histories of the altruism–morality debate in biology are possible. Here, I offer one such history, based on the juxtaposition of four pairs of historical figures who have played a central role in the debate. Arranged in chronological order, the four dyads — Huxley and Kropotkin, Fisher and Emerson, Wynne-Edwards and Williams, and Hamilton and Price — help us grasp the core issues that have framed and defined the debate ever since Darwin: the natural origins of morality, the individual versus collective approach, the levels of selection debate, and the Is–Ought distinction. Looking forward, the continued relevance of the core issues is discussed.

scholarly journals Traditions of transgressive sacrality (against blasphemy) in Hinduism

1970 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 1-162
Author(s):  
Claus Peter Zoller
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Early History ◽  
Religious Violence ◽  
North India ◽  
Historical Contingency ◽  
The Core ◽  
Linguistic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
Abrahamic Religions

The following essay pursues the question whether a possible non-singular immigration-encounter-event between speakers of dialects of Indo-Aryan and (as maintained in this essay) speakers of dialects of Austro-Asiatic (mostly Munda) have not only left marks in the linguistic history of Indo-Aryan (analyzed in Zoller forthcoming), but also in the cultural and political history of North India. My argumentation will follow several lines of nested arguments, but the most general is this: Whereas in the Abrahamic religions of Christianity and Islam a combination of proclivity for expansionism plus proclivity for religious violence have led to a virtual eradication or at least a subjugation of infidel traditions in the core areas of their religious/political powers (i.e. Europe and Middle East), this venture was less successful in case of South Asia. Thus the most salient aspect of this historical contingency is the fact that cultural historians – but also historical linguists – can see much deeper and much more unimpeded into the prehistory and early history both of the Indo-Aryan and the non-Indo-Aryan (= mainly Austro-Asiatic) North Indian world. The opposition between Abrahamic monotheists and Hindu ‘infidels’ manifests also in the contrast between the topics of blasphemy and transgressive sacrality. The former is typically associated with Abrahamic religions, whereas there is an abundance and great variety of examples of transgressive sacrality in Hinduism.

Shaping the Local Economic Environment

2019 ◽  
pp. 141-170
Author(s):  
Mario Polèse
Keyword(s):  
New Orleans ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Gold Rush ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Early History ◽  
Economic Environment ◽  
The Core ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
Local Environments ◽  
History Of

This chapter explores the attributes that help make local environments conducive to productive economic behavior. Several attributes are explored, beginning with integrity in local government and a short history of corruption and urban mismanagement in America, New Orleans serving as an instructive example. New Orleans’s sad story takes us back to Louisiana’s early history, the issue of race never far from the surface. The chapter also describes how the roots of Silicon Valley’s success go back to the California Gold Rush, helping to shape a unique institutional environment that promoted innovation. As the chapter explains, the unlikely success of Minneapolis-St. Paul, both peripheral and cold, can be traced back to Minnesota’s first settlers. Many of these early settlers were Scandinavian who traditionally placed a high value on education and work. Primary and secondary education matter as much, and often more, than PhDs. A competent and numerically literate workforce is at the core of many small and midsized urban success stories.

scholarly journals TEOLOGI, KEKUASAAN, DAN KEADILAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF SEJARAH ISLAM

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saefur Rochmat
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Background ◽  
Early History ◽  
The Core ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nahdlatul Ulama ◽  
Universal Application

AbstractIt is very often for some people to define theology as the core of Islamic teachings in the regard of its content as the science of God. It has Arabic similar terms such as Aqidah and Kalam for explaining the principles of God. It is not surprisingly that Moslem should deal with the issues of theology since the early history of Islam, but why do appear some conflicts in the matters of theology.Theological controversies are something inherent regarding theology is the result of man’s thinking which are bound by the limits of space and of time as the contexts. In other words, theology is the application of the principle of universalism of Islamic teachings in the certain contexts of space and time. Consequently theology is improperly to be claimed as having a universal application. That is why theology is different from iman (belief). It is believed by the Sufis who evaluate correctly that theology does not have an in-depth feeling of spirituality due to its main focus on the use of ratio for the elaboration. Meanwhile iman exists in all religions theology exists in the religions which deal with the matters of worldly affairs, especially in monotheist religions such as Yew, Christian, and Islam.Theology is in great need at the time of crisis such as at the time of the death of Muhammad PBUH the prophet. Indeed at that time theology has not developed well and be arranged systematically as today. We have some theological groups such as Shiite, Sunni, Khawarij. And in Indonesia we have Muhammadiyah, Nahdlatul Ulama, and PKS which all of them come from the Sunni sect. It is possible to notice them from their different socio-cultural background. In other words, socio-cultural background influence the form of theology.Keywords: theology, belief, Sunni, Shiite, Muhammadiyah, NU, and PKS.

The Shrine of St. Peter and its Twelve Spiral Columns

1952 ◽  
Vol 42 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 21-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Ward Perkins
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Early History ◽  
Important Place ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Individual Objects

Among the individual objects of antiquity that have been seen and copied by the artists of later generations, few have had a stranger history than the columns that once formed a screen in old St. Peter's, around the site of the tomb of the apostle. Their singular and distinctive form was in itself enough to attract attention; and the fact that, since the later Middle Ages, they were universally believed to have come from the Temple of Solomon, secured them an important place in the art and iconography of the Renaissance. Their character and early history, however, have never been adequately discussed; and now that the publication of a part of the results of the excavations undertaken since 1940 underneath St. Peter's has cleared up several important points that were previously obscure, the time seems to be ripe for such a discussion. It is the purpose of this article to try to determine their place in the history of classical art, and to say something of their significance in the history of the art of later times.

Introductory remarks

1982 ◽  
Vol 306 (1492) ◽  
pp. 9-10 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Geomagnetic Field ◽  
Early History ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Earth ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Additional Constraints

The suggestion for this Discussion Meeting was put forward more than three years ago. The format of the programme has changed many times since the original version, reflecting in part changing interests in different aspects of the subject. Of the 25 papers to be presented, only 5 discuss the constitution of the core, 13 deal with the geomagnetic field (including the secular variation and reversals) and all but 1 of the remaining 7 on geophysical interpretations are also concerned with the geomagnetic field. This emphasis on geomagnetism reflects the additional constraints that the absence or presence of a magnetic field may put on the constitution of all the planets and the Moon. In contrast to the Earth, the record of the first 10 9 years of planetary history is still at least partly preserved on the Moon, Mercury and Mars (and perhaps on Venus), and a study of this record on these other bodies may yield some information on the early history of the Earth. We have some seismic data for the Moon, but it is only for the Earth that we have a rich store of such data. In this connection, a word of caution is in order. It must not be forgotten that the structure of the Earth as revealed by seismic data is only a snapshot of what it is like today, and in many ways a very imperfect snapshot. There is no science of palaeoseismology, and seismic data tell us nothing about the structure of the Earth in the past nor of its evolution.

Emergence

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel David
Keyword(s):  
New Orleans ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Revenue Sharing ◽  
Early History ◽  
Coastal Restoration ◽  
The Core ◽  
History Of

This chapter introduces Anne Milling, the New Orleans civic activist who founded Women of the Storm. The chapter presents her brief biography before delving into the early history of the formation of the core membership of the still unnamed incipient group. It outlines the processes involved in coming up with group names and establishing its goals, including the mission to invite members of Congress to see the destruction firsthand and a coastal restoration initiative funded through an oil and gas revenue sharing agreement.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christa Gray ◽  
Andrea Balbo ◽  
Richard M. A. Marshall ◽  
Catherine E. W. Steel
Keyword(s):  
Early History ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Way

The introduction sets out the methodological issues that confront the study of fragments and testimonia pertaining to Republican oratory. It goes on to provide an overview of the early history of the transmission and reception of this evidence, with a particular focus on the way subsequent traditions may distort our understanding of the evidence. Following these surveys, an overview of the contents of the whole volume is provided. Within this overview, attention is also drawn to the thematic links that can be drawn between the individual chapters and the questions raised in each of the four sections of the collection.

Settlement patterns and the eastern boundary of the Northern Cities Shift

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron J. Dinkin
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New England ◽  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
New York State ◽  
Early History ◽  
Northern Cities Shift ◽  
Sound Changes ◽  
Northern Cities ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

This paper examines the dialectology of eastern New York State. Data are considered from twelve cities and villages bridging the gap between the Inland North dialect region (home to the Northern Cities Shift [NCS]) and the Western New England region. Communities are classified as belonging to the Inland North “core,” the Inland North “fringe,” or a non–Inland North region. The settlement history of these communities is used to explain the boundaries between the dialect regions; presence of the NCS is found to correlate well with heavy migration from southwestern New England early in a community's history. Looking in detail at the different distributions of the individual sound changes involved in the NCS across the dialect regions established in this paper makes it possible to posit a reconstructed early history for the NCS and make hypotheses about the phonological character of the different sound changes.

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