The Spanish flu and other causes of death in Varaždin from 1918 to 1920

2019 ◽

Vol 76 (3) ◽

pp. 443-465 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ryan M. Alexander

Keyword(s):

Causes Of Death ◽

Influenza Pandemic ◽

Secondary Complications ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

Spanish Flu ◽

1918 Influenza ◽

Combat Casualties ◽

The Revolution

The influenza of 1918, the disastrous global pandemic known to many as the Spanish Flu, could not have come at a worse time for Mexico. The nation was eight years into its decade-long revolutionary struggle, a conflict that claimed the lives of well over a million citizens. Of those lost, several hundred thousand perished due to the influenza alone, usually from secondary complications such as pneumonia or bronchitis. Along with exposure, famine, and a myriad of other wartime ailments, the 1918 flu ranked as one of the leading causes of death in the Revolution, far surpassing combat casualties.

Download Full-text

What role did the Spanish flu play? Analysis of the death causes in Ekaterinburg 1917–1919

Historical research in the context of data science: Information resources, analytical methods and digital technologies ◽

10.29003/m1786.978-5-317-06529-4/33-39 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

E. Glavatskaya ◽

◽

Gunnar Thorvaldsen ◽

Keyword(s):

Causes Of Death ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

The World ◽

Play Analysis ◽

Spanish Flu ◽

Death Causes ◽

Parish Registers ◽

Estimate Lower

The Spanish flu pandemic of 1917–1920 killed, according to some researchers, up to 100 million people while others estimate lower numbers such as 20 million victims. The reason for this uncertainty is that data for a number of countries, including Russia, are rather rough estimates based on mortality rates from other parts of the world. This study analyzes the causes of death in the population of Еkaterinburg during the period of the Spanish pandemic to determine likely signs of the spread of influenza. Databases on the causes of death registered in the city’s parish registers were used as a source

Download Full-text

Mortality and Death Causes in Revolutionary Veracruz, Mexico (Based on Analyses of the Civil Registry Death Records)

Izvestia of the Ural federal university Series 2 Humanities and Arts ◽

10.15826/izv2.2021.23.4.078 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 268-282

Author(s):

Silvia María Méndez Maín ◽

◽

Andrea V. Rivas Méndez ◽

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Perinatal Period ◽

International Classification Of Diseases ◽

World Health ◽

Registration Accuracy ◽

Individual Level ◽

Spanish Flu ◽

Death Causes

This article is devoted to a detailed analysis of death causes in Mexico during the Revolution and Civil War period. Our study is based on the death registration records in six government-controlled municipalities in Veracruz State which promoted registration accuracy. A total of 2 876 records from 1918 were analyzed, most of which contained information about the causes of death. The main objectives of the study were to determine the main causes of death, to identify territorial, age and gender differences, to establish the time and extent of the spread of the Spanish flu epidemic and the overall mortality rate in 1918. The 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), developed by the World Health Organization, was used as a basis for coding the causes of death. Thus, the causes of diseases that led to the death of the inhabitants of Veracruz were divided into eight main classes: infectious; respiratory; related to pregnancy or childbirth; those caused by difficulties in the perinatal period of fetal development; external violent reasons; unclassifiable, those associated with infancy and childhood; the unclassifiable; and finally, the missing. The analysis revealed registration problems, especially in the agrarian regions, caused by the poor development of medical infrastructure and aggravated by wartime conditions. Based on the analysis of individual level data on the causes of death, the authors identified the 161 diagnostic options found in the sources, identified the main ten death causes for each of the six cities of Veracruz, determined the level and accuracy of registration and the age characteristics of the spread of certain classes of fatal diseases. The most common cause of death was infectious diseases, particularly children from one to five years old suffered from these. The rate of respiratory diseases was also high, the proportion of deaths from these rose sharply in the last quarter of 1918, which was caused by the spread of the Spanish flu. The analysis of the nominative data made it possible to refute the official statement of the Mexican government about the cessation of influenza at the end of 1918. The high mortality rate from various respiratory diseases in December 1918 among young men suggests that the flu pandemic was hidden behind various other concepts.

Download Full-text

The Agenda on Non-Communicable Diseases: Editorial Review

Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences ◽

10.37871/jbres1282 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (7) ◽

pp. 596-598

Author(s):

Fahim Aslam*

Keyword(s):

Causes Of Death ◽

Well Being ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Common Trend ◽

The World ◽

Spanish Flu ◽

Editorial Review ◽

Health And Well Being

Health and well-being of individuals is an essential part of a human’s life, with increasing age we as humans are prone to be affected by various complications that can affect our human body. For decades, communicable diseases were the main causes of death around the world from the early 1900 outbreak of the Spanish Flu to the more recent COVID-19 outbreak in the 21st Century [1]. However, over the years a common trend has been observed globally where the rise of Non-Communicable Diseases also known as NCD’s has impacted people both mentally as well as financially. NCD’s are diseases “that are not transmissible from one person to another”, unlike communicable diseases there are various forms and types of NCD’s which are caused predominantly by risk factors associated to the disease and genetics [2]....

Download Full-text

Effect of Air Pollution on the Occurrences and Death of COVID-19

International Healthcare Research Journal ◽

10.26440/ihrj/0412.03397 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (12) ◽

pp. SC1-SC3

Author(s):

Debraj Mukhopadhyay ◽

J. Swaminathan ◽

Soham Basu ◽

Sudarshan Ramaswamy ◽

Arun Kumar Sharma

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Viral Clearance ◽

Host Susceptibility ◽

Environmental Research ◽

Air Emissions ◽

Emissions Reduction ◽

Economic Decline ◽

Air Contamination ◽

Spanish Flu

Air contamination continues to be the leading environmental risk factor for all causes of death, leading to substantial years of lives and economic decline adapted to incapacity increased deaths in air pollution in past pandemics, in 1918, Spanish Flu and in 2003 with SARS-CoV-1. The host susceptibility and respiratory virulence are increased and viral clearance is decreased. Therefore, there is a question about the effect of air contamination on the current 2019 coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). History and research have until now been concerned with the huge potential consequences of the COVID-19 air pollution pandemic. In order to validate this correlation, more epidemiological and environmental research is necessary. Moreover, countries must leverage air emissions reduction funds to benefit their wellbeing and enhance their possible impact on future pandemics.

Download Full-text

Data Watch: Top 10 Causes of Death for People Aged 15–24 Years

Pediatric News ◽

10.1016/s0031-398x(08)70014-6 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 18

Keyword(s):

Causes Of Death

Download Full-text

785 Causes of death on heart failure

European Journal of Heart Failure Supplements ◽

10.1016/s1567-4215(06)80536-9 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 188-189

Author(s):

M ANASTASIU ◽

C MIHAI ◽

C CALTEA ◽

C SINESCU

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Causes Of Death

Download Full-text

A Reassessment of Suicide Measurement

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910.30.1.6 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 6-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D.P. Doessel ◽

Ruth F.G. Williams ◽

Harvey Whiteford

Keyword(s):

Causes Of Death ◽

Motor Vehicle ◽

Years Of Life Lost ◽

Health Prevention ◽

Prevention Strategies ◽

Vehicle Accidents ◽

The Social ◽

Evaluation Exercise ◽

Two Measures ◽

Circulatory Diseases

Background. Concern with suicide measurement is a positive, albeit relatively recent, development. A concern with the social loss from suicide requires careful attention to appropriately measuring the phenomenon. This paper applies two different methods of measuring suicide data: the conventional age-standardized suicide (count) rate; and the alternative rate, the potential years of life lost (PYLL) rate. Aims. The purpose of applying these two measures is to place suicide in Queensland in a historical and comparative (relative to other causes of death) perspective. Methods. Both measures are applied to suicide data for Queensland since 1920. These measures are applied also to two largish causes of death and two smaller causes of death, i.e., circulatory diseases, cancers, motor vehicle accidents, suicide. Results. The two measures generate quite different pictures of suicide in Queensland: Using the PYLL measure, suicide is a quantitatively larger issue than is indicated by the count measure. Conclusions. The PYLL measure is the more appropriate measure for evaluation exercise of public health prevention strategies. This is because the PYLL measure is weighted by years of life lost and, thus, it incorporates more information than the count measure which implicitly weights each death with a somewhat partial value, viz. unity.

Download Full-text