The Role of 3D Printing in Colorectal Surgery: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives

Among patients suffering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) syndrome, one of the worst possible scenarios is represented by the critical lung damage caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced cytokine storm, responsible for a potentially very dangerous hyperinflammatory condition. Within such a context, interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays a key pathogenic role, thus being a suitable therapeutic target. Indeed, the IL-6-receptor antagonist tocilizumab, already approved for treatment of refractory rheumatoid arthritis, is often used to treat patients with severe COVID-19 symptoms and lung involvement. Therefore, the aim of this review article is to focus on the rationale of tocilizumab utilization in the SARS-CoV-2-triggered cytokine storm, as well as to discuss current evidence and future perspectives, especially with regard to ongoing trials referring to the evaluation of tocilizumab’s therapeutic effects in patients with life-threatening SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Role of endoscopic ultrasound in anticancer therapy: Current evidence and future perspectives

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology ◽

10.4251/wjgo.v13.i12.1863 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 1863-1879

Author(s):

Andre Bratanic ◽

Dorotea Bozic ◽

Antonio Mestrovic ◽

Dinko Martinovic ◽

Marko Kumric ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endoscopic Ultrasound ◽

Anticancer Therapy ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Future Perspectives

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Exercise in the management of multiple sclerosis relapses: current evidence and future perspectives

Neurodegenerative Disease Management ◽

10.2217/nmt-2019-0029 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 103-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Scott Rooney ◽

Hani Albalawi ◽

Lorna Paul

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Steroid Therapy ◽

Recovery Of Function ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Future Perspectives

Relapses are a common feature of multiple sclerosis; however, recovery from relapses is often incomplete, with up to half of people experiencing residual disabilities postrelapse. Therefore, treatments are required to promote recovery of function and reduce the extent of residual disabilities postrelapse. Accordingly, this Perspective article explores the role of exercise in relapse management. Current evidence from two studies suggests that exercise in combination with steroid therapy improves disability and quality of life postrelapse, and may be more beneficial in promoting relapse recovery than steroid therapy alone. However, given the small number of studies and methodological limitations, further studies are required to understand the effects of exercise in relapse management and the mechanism through which exercise influences relapse recovery.

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The Role of the Multidisciplinary Evaluation of Interstitial Lung Diseases: Systematic Literature Review of the Current Evidence and Future Perspectives

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2019.00246 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Federica Furini ◽

Aldo Carnevale ◽

Gian Luca Casoni ◽

Giulio Guerrini ◽

Lorenzo Cavagna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Systematic Literature Review ◽

Lung Diseases ◽

Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Future Perspectives

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The gut microbiota and colorectal surgery outcomes: facts or hype? A narrative review

BMC Surgery ◽

10.1186/s12893-021-01087-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Annamaria Agnes ◽

Caterina Puccioni ◽

Domenico D’Ugo ◽

Antonio Gasbarrini ◽

Alberto Biondi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Surgery ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Bowel Preparation ◽

Mechanical Bowel Preparation ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Oral Antibiotics ◽

Surgery Complications ◽

Surgery Outcomes ◽

Eras Protocol

Abstract Background The gut microbiota (GM) has been proposed as one of the main determinants of colorectal surgery complications and theorized as the “missing factor” that could explain still poorly understood complications. Herein, we investigate this theory and report the current evidence on the role of the GM in colorectal surgery. Methods We first present the findings associating the role of the GM with the physiological response to surgery. Second, the change in GM composition during and after surgery and its association with colorectal surgery complications (ileus, adhesions, surgical-site infections, anastomotic leak, and diversion colitis) are reviewed. Finally, we present the findings linking GM science to the application of the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol, for the use of oral antibiotics with mechanical bowel preparation and for the administration of probiotics/synbiotics. Results According to preclinical and translational evidence, the GM is capable of influencing colorectal surgery outcomes. Clinical evidence supports the application of an ERAS protocol and the preoperative administration of multistrain probiotics/synbiotics. GM manipulation with oral antibiotics with mechanical bowel preparation still has uncertain benefits in right-sided colic resection but is very promising for left-sided colic resection. Conclusions The GM may be a determinant of colorectal surgery outcomes. There is an emerging need to implement translational research on the topic. Future clinical studies should clarify the composition of preoperative and postoperative GM and the impact of the GM on different colorectal surgery complications and should assess the validity of GM-targeted measures in effectively reducing complications for all colorectal surgery locations.

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Fecal microbiota transplantation in hepatic encephalopathy : a review of the current evidence and future perspectives

Acta Gastro Enterologica Belgica ◽

10.51821/84.1.884 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 84 (1) ◽

pp. 87-90

Author(s):

E Afecto ◽

A Ponte ◽

S Fernandes ◽

J Silva ◽

C Gomes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽

Optimal Dose ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Future Perspectives ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Advanced Cirrhosis

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a leading cause of hospita-lization and morbimortality in advanced cirrhosis with limited therapeutic options available. Given the paramount role of gut microbiota in HE, and the efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in other diseases, this review intends to summarize the evidence supporting the safety, efficacy and future perspectives of FMT in HE. Current evidence, despite being scarce, points towards FMT being a safe, effective and tolerable procedure in HE. Some unanswered questions remain about the optimal dose, the administration route, the long term effects and the selection of the optimal donor. Future trials, some of which are already underway, will provide us additional evidence and hopefully the necessary answers.

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