Current evidence and future perspectives about the role of iXip® in the diagnosis of prostate cancer

Among patients suffering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) syndrome, one of the worst possible scenarios is represented by the critical lung damage caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced cytokine storm, responsible for a potentially very dangerous hyperinflammatory condition. Within such a context, interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays a key pathogenic role, thus being a suitable therapeutic target. Indeed, the IL-6-receptor antagonist tocilizumab, already approved for treatment of refractory rheumatoid arthritis, is often used to treat patients with severe COVID-19 symptoms and lung involvement. Therefore, the aim of this review article is to focus on the rationale of tocilizumab utilization in the SARS-CoV-2-triggered cytokine storm, as well as to discuss current evidence and future perspectives, especially with regard to ongoing trials referring to the evaluation of tocilizumab’s therapeutic effects in patients with life-threatening SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Role of endoscopic ultrasound in anticancer therapy: Current evidence and future perspectives

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology ◽

10.4251/wjgo.v13.i12.1863 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 1863-1879

Author(s):

Andre Bratanic ◽

Dorotea Bozic ◽

Antonio Mestrovic ◽

Dinko Martinovic ◽

Marko Kumric ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endoscopic Ultrasound ◽

Anticancer Therapy ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Future Perspectives

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The Role of 3D Printing in Colorectal Surgery: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives

In Vivo ◽

10.21873/invivo.11475 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 297-302

Author(s):

XENOFON PAPAZARKADAS ◽

ELEFTHERIOS SPARTALIS ◽

DIMITRIOS PATSOURAS ◽

ARGYRIOS IOANNIDIS ◽

DIMITRIOS SCHIZAS ◽

...

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Colorectal Surgery ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Future Perspectives

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Exercise in the management of multiple sclerosis relapses: current evidence and future perspectives

Neurodegenerative Disease Management ◽

10.2217/nmt-2019-0029 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 103-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Scott Rooney ◽

Hani Albalawi ◽

Lorna Paul

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Steroid Therapy ◽

Recovery Of Function ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Future Perspectives

Relapses are a common feature of multiple sclerosis; however, recovery from relapses is often incomplete, with up to half of people experiencing residual disabilities postrelapse. Therefore, treatments are required to promote recovery of function and reduce the extent of residual disabilities postrelapse. Accordingly, this Perspective article explores the role of exercise in relapse management. Current evidence from two studies suggests that exercise in combination with steroid therapy improves disability and quality of life postrelapse, and may be more beneficial in promoting relapse recovery than steroid therapy alone. However, given the small number of studies and methodological limitations, further studies are required to understand the effects of exercise in relapse management and the mechanism through which exercise influences relapse recovery.

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The Contributions of Prostate Cancer Stem Cells in Prostate Cancer Initiation and Metastasis

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers11040434 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 434 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Wenjuan Mei ◽

Xiaozeng Lin ◽

Anil Kapoor ◽

Yan Gu ◽

Kuncheng Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Cancer Stem Cells ◽

Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽

Critical Role ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Target Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Transition ◽

Prostate Cancer Stem Cells

Research in the last decade has clearly revealed a critical role of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) in prostate cancer (PC). Prostate stem cells (PSCs) reside in both basal and luminal layers, and are the target cells of oncogenic transformation, suggesting a role of PCSCs in PC initiation. Mutations in PTEN, TP53, and RB1 commonly occur in PC, particularly in metastasis and castration-resistant PC. The loss of PTEN together with Ras activation induces partial epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is a major mechanism that confers plasticity to cancer stem cells (CSCs) and PCSCs, which contributes to metastasis. While PTEN inactivation leads to PC, it is not sufficient for metastasis, the loss of PTEN concurrently with the inactivation of both TP53 and RB1 empower lineage plasticity in PC cells, which substantially promotes PC metastasis and the conversion to PC adenocarcinoma to neuroendocrine PC (NEPC), demonstrating the essential function of TP53 and RB1 in the suppression of PCSCs. TP53 and RB1 suppress lineage plasticity through the inhibition of SOX2 expression. In this review, we will discuss the current evidence supporting a major role of PCSCs in PC initiation and metastasis, as well as the underlying mechanisms regulating PCSCs. These discussions will be developed along with the cancer stem cell (CSC) knowledge in other cancer types.

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The Role of the Multidisciplinary Evaluation of Interstitial Lung Diseases: Systematic Literature Review of the Current Evidence and Future Perspectives

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2019.00246 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Federica Furini ◽

Aldo Carnevale ◽

Gian Luca Casoni ◽

Giulio Guerrini ◽

Lorenzo Cavagna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Systematic Literature Review ◽

Lung Diseases ◽

Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Future Perspectives

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The role of hormone therapy and chemotherapy in oligometastatic prostate cancer

ESMO Open ◽

10.1136/esmoopen-2018-000471 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. e000471 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Yuji Miura ◽

Shigeo Horie

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Hormone Therapy ◽

Systemic Therapy ◽

Local Therapy ◽

High Volume ◽

Phase Iii ◽

Clinical State ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer

Oligometastatic disease was proposed by Hellman and Weichselbaum in 1995 as an intermediate tumour state between localised lesions and widespread metastases, characterised by the limited number and size of metastases in specific organs such as lung, liver, bone or even brain. The oligometastatic state has increasingly been recognised as a unique clinical state during which local ablative treatment can be effective in several types of cancer, including prostate cancer. However, the role of systemic therapy, such as hormone therapy and chemotherapy, is not yet well known. Some promising data for local ablative therapy have emerged, but it remains unclear whether local therapy can eliminate the need for, androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT), or reduce the required duration. In addition, several randomised phase III trials have demonstrated survival benefits from the addition of docetaxel or abiraterone to ADT in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. These findings suggest that such aggressive treatments may improve clinical outcomes for patients with oligometastatic prostate cancer. However, the efficacy of these treatments may depend on the volume of metastases, with higher efficacy for high-volume disease. Therefore, further investigation including stratification by disease volume is warranted. This review will discuss the current evidence and controversies surrounding the role of systemic therapy in patients with oligometastatic prostate cancer.

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Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Prostate Cancer: Present Knowledge and Future Perspectives

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells11010020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 20

Author(s):

Filippos Koinis ◽

Anastasia Xagara ◽

Evangelia Chantzara ◽

Vassiliki Leontopoulou ◽

Chrissovalantis Aidarinis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Suppressor Cells ◽

Immune Checkpoint Blockade ◽

Present Knowledge ◽

Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells ◽

Future Perspectives ◽

Tumor Types ◽

Major Mediator

Several lines of research are being investigated to better understand mechanisms implicated in response or resistance to immune checkpoint blockade in prostate cancer (PCa). Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have emerged as a major mediator of immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment that promotes progression of various tumor types. The main mechanisms underlying MDSC-induced immunosuppression are currently being explored and strategies to enhance anti-tumor immune response via MDSC targeting are being tested. However, the role of MDSCs in PCa remains elusive. In this review, we aim to summarize and present the state-of-the-art knowledge on current methodologies to phenotypically and metabolically characterize MDSCs in PCa. We describe how these characteristics may be linked with MDSC function and may influence the clinical outcomes of patients with PCa. Finally, we briefly discuss emerging strategies being employed to therapeutically target MDSCs and potentiate the long-overdue improvement in the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with PCa.

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Fecal microbiota transplantation in hepatic encephalopathy : a review of the current evidence and future perspectives

Acta Gastro Enterologica Belgica ◽

10.51821/84.1.884 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 84 (1) ◽

pp. 87-90

Author(s):

E Afecto ◽

A Ponte ◽

S Fernandes ◽

J Silva ◽

C Gomes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽

Optimal Dose ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Future Perspectives ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Advanced Cirrhosis

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a leading cause of hospita-lization and morbimortality in advanced cirrhosis with limited therapeutic options available. Given the paramount role of gut microbiota in HE, and the efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in other diseases, this review intends to summarize the evidence supporting the safety, efficacy and future perspectives of FMT in HE. Current evidence, despite being scarce, points towards FMT being a safe, effective and tolerable procedure in HE. Some unanswered questions remain about the optimal dose, the administration route, the long term effects and the selection of the optimal donor. Future trials, some of which are already underway, will provide us additional evidence and hopefully the necessary answers.

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