scholarly journals Interpretation and Legal Theory: as críticas de Andrei Marmor ao interpretativismo de Ronald Dworkin

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Pablo Antonio Lago
Keyword(s):  
Legal Theory ◽  
The State ◽  
Ronald Dworkin ◽  
De Se ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Difference ◽  
State Of Art ◽  
The Way

<p><strong>RESUMO:</strong></p><p><span id="docs-internal-guid-decdab21-6e60-7f17-85b2-a2ed5562f90b"><span>O presente artigo tem por objeto as principais críticas que Andrei Marmor, em seu livro </span><span>Interpretation and Legal Theory</span><span>, apresenta à concepção de interpretação defendida por Ronald Dworkin. Em um primeiro momento, Marmor sugere que, para Dworkin, toda e qualquer conclusão sobre o Direito seria objeto de interpretação, o que não seria correto quando analisamos, por exemplo, o modo como seguimos certas regras e convenções. Em um segundo momento, Marmor argumenta que a perspectiva dworkiniana defende uma objetividade impossível de ser alcançada na interpretação: o fato de que compartilhamos valores de natureza incomensurável, por exemplo, implica na impossibilidade de se considerar que uma interpretação será, todas as coisas consideradas, melhor que outra. Analisando tais críticas à luz das respostas que Dworkin ofereceu ou poderia ter oferecido, conclui-se que a visão de Marmor sobre a concepção dworkiniana de interpretação é incorreta, na medida em que ignora distinções que lhe são centrais, como a diferença entre “conceitos criteriais” e “conceitos interpretativos”, e sobre a natureza integrada dos valores que compartilhamos socialmente. Ainda assim, o debate entre ambos os autores ressalta sua clara natureza metodológica, sendo importante para a compreensão do “estado da arte” da Teoria do Direito contemporânea de vertente analítica.</span></span></p><p><strong>ABSTRACT:</strong></p><p dir="ltr"><span>This paper focuses on the main criticisms presented in Andrei Marmor’s </span><span>Interpretation and Legal Theory</span><span> to Ronald Dworkin’s conception of interpretation. In the first criticism, Marmor suggests that in Dworkin’s theory each and every conclusion about what the law is in a given case is a result of interpretation, which cannot be correct when we think, for example, about the way we follow certain rules and conventions. In the second criticism, Marmor argues Dworkin supports an impossible objectivity view on interpretation: the fact that we share values of incommensurable nature, for example, implies that it is impossible to consider that one interpretation can be the best, all things considered. Considering both criticisms and the answers that Dworkin offered or could have offered to it, this paper concludes Marmor's view about Dworkin's concept of interpretation is incorrect, considering that Marmor ignores central distinctions of Dworkinian thought, such as the difference between "criterial” and “interpretive” concepts, and about the integrated nature of values we share on society. Nevertheless, the debate emphasizes its methodological nature, and is important to understand the state of art of the analytical contemporary legal theory.</span></p><div><span><br /></span></div>

scholarly journals Female directors in Italy: The state of art after the mandatory gender quota

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Sveva Magnanelli ◽  
Elisa Raoli ◽  
Riccardo Tiscini
Keyword(s):  
Family Firms ◽  
The State ◽  
Board Composition ◽  
Corporate Boards ◽  
Female Directors ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
State Of Art

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the state of art of female directors in terms of presence, role and remuneration for Italian corporate boards. The analysis wants to highlight the changes occurred after the introduction of the mandatory female quotas legislation in 2012 and to check how many firms are already complying with the law after 2 years. The picture of the state of art is drawn looking at 163 Italian listed firms for a period of 4 years, from 2011 to 2014. The analysis of the data reveals relevant differences in board composition before and after the law. A significant result concerning the presence of female directors stands in the difference between family and non-family firms: the first are those with higher number of female members in the board. Additionally, an interesting data refers to the amount of remuneration for women, which is significantly lower than the remuneration provided to male directors. Being the first work which charts the situation of board composition and board member remuneration in Italy before and after female quotas introduction, this paper wants to trace some key points for future analysis about the impact of female quotas on various firm’s aspects, such as firm performance, firm earning management and quality, governance characteristics.

scholarly journals Selected issues of juvenile delinquency proceedings

2018 ◽  
pp. 229-248
Author(s):  
Joanna Rajewska de Mezer
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Juvenile Offender ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
The State ◽  
Penal Code ◽  
Legal Norm ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Way

This paper discusses selected issues of juvenile delinquency proceedings. It points the reader’s attention to the difference in the approach towards a juvenile offender. This different approach consists in shaping the way the state reacts to them breaking a legal norm and directing it towards resocializing education. It underlines the specific characteristics of the interactions’ subject – a juvenile whose identity and social attitudes are in the making. These features justify the fact that educational and reformatory measures based on the law on juvenile delinquency proceedings are applied in their case, rather than the punitive ones defined in the Penal Code. The paper analyses selected topics related to executing specific (educational or reformatory) measures that spark controversy among the entities that take up educational, activating and aid-related actions.

ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ ПАРАДИГМЫ МЕТОДОЛОГИИ ЮРИСПРУДЕНЦИИ

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Ю. М. Оборотов
Keyword(s):  
Legal Theory ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
The State ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Methodological Question ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Decisive Importance ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Law

В современной методологии юриспруденции происходит переход от изучения состо­яний ее объекта, которыми выступают право и государство, к постижению этого объек­та в его изменениях и превращениях. Две подсистемы методологии юриспруденции, подсистема обращенная к состоянию права и государства; и подсистема обращенная к изменениям права и государства, — получают свое отображение в концептуальной форме, методологических подходах, методах, специфических понятиях. Показательны перемены в содержании методологии юриспруденции, где определяю­щее значение имеют методологические подходы, определяющие стратегию исследова­тельских поисков во взаимосвязи юриспруденции с правом и государством. Среди наи­более характерных подходов антропологический, аксиологический, цивилизационный, синергетический и герменевтический — определяют плюралистичность современной методологии и свидетельствуют о становлении новой парадигмы методологии юриспру­денции.   In modern methodology of jurisprudence there is a transition from the study the states of its object to its comprehension in changes and transformations. Hence the two subsystems of methodology of jurisprudence: subsystem facing the states of the law and the state as well as their components and aspects; and subsystem facing the changes of the law and the state in general and their constituents. These subsystems of methodology of jurisprudence receive its reflection in conceptual form, methodological approaches, methods, specific concepts. Methodology of jurisprudence should not be restricted to the methodology of legal theory. In this regard, it is an important methodological question about subject of jurisprudence. It is proposed to consider the subject of jurisprudence as complex, covering both the law and the state in their specificity, interaction and integrity. Indicative changes in the content methodology of jurisprudence are the usage of decisive importance methodological approaches that govern research strategy searches in conjunction with the law and the state. Among the most characteristic of modern development approaches: anthropological, axiological, civilization, synergistic and hermeneutic. Modern methodology of jurisprudence is pluralistic in nature alleging various approaches to the law and the state. Marked approaches allow the formation of a new paradigm methodology of jurisprudence.

The social uses of the law at a Soweto garbage dump: Reclaiming the law and the state in the informal economy

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Samson
Keyword(s):  
Informal Economy ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Social World ◽  
The State ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Critical Legal Theory ◽  
The Law ◽  
Social Uses

The informal economy is typically understood as being outside the law. However, this article develops the concept ‘social uses of the law’ to interrogate how informal workers understand, engage and deploy the law, facilitating the development of more nuanced theorizations of both the informal economy and the law. The article explores how a legal victory over the Johannesburg Council by reclaimers of reusable and recyclable materials at the Marie Louise landfill in Soweto, South Africa shaped their subjectivities and became bound up in struggles between reclaimers at the dump. Engaging with critical legal theory, the author argues that in a social world where most people do not read, understand, or cite court rulings, the ‘social uses of the law’ can be of greater import than the actual judgement. This does not, however, render the state absent, as the assertion that the court sanctioned particular claims and rights is central to the reclaimers’ social uses of the law. Through the social uses of the law, these reclaimers force us to consider how and why the law, one of the cornerstones of state formation, cannot be separated from the informal ways it is understood and deployed. The article concludes by sketching a research agenda that can assist in developing a more relational understanding of the law and the informal economy.

Constitutional Rights and Social Welfare: Exploring Claims-Making Practices in Post-Apartheid South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-48
Author(s):  
Whitney K. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Neighborhood Context ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
The Law ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
Do So ◽  
The Way

When do individuals choose to advance legal claims to social welfare goods? To explore this question, I turn to the case of South Africa, where, despite the adoption of a "transformative" constitution in 1996, access to social welfare goods remains sorely lacking. Drawing on an original 551-person survey, I examine patterns of legal claims-making, focusing on beliefs individuals hold about the law, rights, and the state, and how those beliefs relate to decisions about whether and how to make claims. I find striking differences between the factors that influence when people say they should file a legal claim and when they actually do so. The way that individuals interpret their own material conditions and neighborhood context are important, yet under-acknowledged, factors for explaining claims-making.

Why the “Haves” Come Out Ahead: Speculations on the Limits of Legal Change

2021 ◽  
pp. 297-302
Author(s):  
Marc Galanter
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Change ◽  
System P ◽  
The Law ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Do So ◽  
The Way

This article proposes some conjectures about the way in which the basic architecture of the legal system creates and limits the possibilities of using the system as a means of redistributive change. Specifically, the question is under what conditions litigation can be redistributive, taking litigation in the broadest sense of the presentation of claims to be decided by courts. Because of differences in their size, differences in the state of the law, and differences in their resources, some of the actors in society have many occasions to utilize the courts; others do so only rarely. One can divide these actors into those claimants who have only occasional recourse to the courts (one-shotters) and repeat players who are engaged in many similar litigations over time. The article then looks at alternatives to the official litigation system.

Arbitration and Literature

2020 ◽  
pp. 894-909
Author(s):  
François Ost
Keyword(s):  
Law And Literature ◽  
State Courts ◽  
Literary Fiction ◽  
Court System ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Difference ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Way

This chapter discusses the representation of arbitration in literature. Arbitration seems to receive little attention in literary works, as opposed to justice and the judge, which form the heart of the ‘law and literature’ movement. This disparity is likely due to the collective fascination with the judge as the embodiment of justice. The air of mystery that often surrounds arbitration can also be explained by the difference between the way in which it is presented in fictional texts and in modern law. Literature does not usually apprehend arbitration in the strict understanding of a private judge chosen by the parties, who adjudicates on a dispute by rendering a final and binding award which he cannot enforce without the assistance of state courts. Yet literature’s approximations in the treatment of arbitration are precisely what makes them interesting, in that they shed a welcome light on a justice that is both broader and more perennial than the justice that is rendered within the strict boundaries of the traditional court system. Works of literary fiction also provide many valuable stories about the value and reach of decisions rendered by arbitrators.

scholarly journals Was Duplessis Right?

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-436
Author(s):  
Roderick A. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
The State ◽  
Fiftieth Anniversary ◽  
The Other ◽  
Judicial Decision ◽  
The Law ◽  
Good And Evil

Given the inclination of legal scholars to progressively displace the meaning of a judicial decision from its context toward abstract propositions, it is no surprise that at its fiftieth anniversary, Roncarelli v. Duplessis has come to be interpreted in Manichean terms. The complex currents of postwar society and politics in Quebec are reduced to a simple story of good and evil in which evil is incarnated in Duplessis’s “persecution” of Roncarelli. In this paper the author argues for a more nuanced interpretation of the case. He suggests that the thirteen opinions delivered at trial and on appeal reflect several debates about society, the state and law that are as important now as half a century ago. The personal socio-demography of the judges authoring these opinions may have predisposed them to decide one way or the other; however, the majority and dissenting opinions also diverged (even if unconsciously) in their philosophical leanings in relation to social theory (internormative pluralism), political theory (communitarianism), and legal theory (pragmatic instrumentalism). Today, these dimensions can be seen to provide support for each of the positions argued by Duplessis’s counsel in Roncarelli given the state of the law in 1946.

scholarly journals A Greve e seus sentidos político e jurídico / Strike and its political and Legal senses

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 252-268
Author(s):  
Felipe Cesar Rebêlo
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Class Struggle ◽  
Institutional Structure ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Political Aspect ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Way

A greve é reconhecida como um instituto em constante evolução, representativo dos direitos sociais. Passa por uma evolução constante, de acordo com as demandas que surgem historicamente. Nesse ponto, se averigua como o instituto jurídico é construído, bem como a forma que sua feição política pode desenvolver. A compreensão da doutrina e da jurisprudência se faz necessária, em consonância as determinações legais, bem como ao espírito social que move multidões, em expressão de uma ação social que necessita ser revisitada considerando cânones mais profundos, e do próprio direito e da constituição do Estado, como forma de legitimação da estrutura institucional em que a sociedade pode se formatar. A forma de concretização das demandas sociais, à luz de uma preocupação que se compactue com a luta de classes no ambiente capitalista, em que o direito é analisado como instrumentalização dessa constante social, merece ponderação na análise contemplada.   Abstract: Strike is recognized as a constantly evolving institute, representative of social rights. It goes through a constant evolution, according to the demands that arise historically. At this point, it examines how the legal institute is constructed, as well as the form that its political aspect can develop. Understanding the doctrine and jurisprudence is necessary, in accordance with legal determinations, as well as the social spirit that moves crowds, in expression of a social action that needs to be revisited considering deeper canons, and of the law itself and the constitution of the State, as a way of legitimizing institutional structure in which society can be shaped. The way of concretizing social demands, in the light of a concern that is compacted with the class struggle in the capitalist environment, in which the law is analyzed as an instrumentalization of this social constant, deserves consideration in the analysis.

scholarly journals O TERMO DE AJUSTAMENTO DE GESTÃO COMO FORMA DE TUTELA DE DIREITOS SOCIAIS: O CASO DO TRIBUNAL DE CONTAS DO ESTADO DE SERGIPE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (58) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Patrícia Verônica Nunes Carvalho Sobral de SOUZA
Keyword(s):  
Public Management ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
De Se ◽  
Adjustment Term ◽  
The Law ◽  
Object Of Study

RESUMO Objetivo: O presente artigo parte da construção de uma conjectura que sonda as possibilidades de um Termo de Ajustamento de Gestão no ambiente dos Tribunais de Contas, mostrando-se benéfico ou não à sociedade por meio da sua prática consensual. A pesquisa busca a possibilidade e a necessidade de comprovar se o Termo de Ajustamento de Gestão atua com o objetivo primordial de beneficiar a sociedade como instrumento de tutela de direitos fundamentais sociais. Metodologia:Uma abordagem qualitativa, por entendê-la como um instrumento de exploração de um fenômeno, para compreender o significado que indivíduos ou grupos lhes conferem, especialmente, no ambiente social ou humano. Utiliza-se a revisão bibliográfica de caráter exploratório, descritivo e documental, uma vez que a mesma possibilita sumarizar as revisões bibliográficas com a finalidade de aprofundar o objeto de estudo através dos processos e documentos oriundos do Tribunal de Contas Sergipano. Resultados: O Termo de Ajustamento de Gestão, por sua própria essência, continua, na sua aplicação, como um instrumento importante do ativismo administrativo, posto que permite por meio de compromissos firmados no seu bojo, ir além do que a lei literalmente dispõe, cuja finalidade volta-se para a concretização de direitos dos cidadãos e em benefício desses, indo além da literalidade da lei, levando-se em consideração que o julgador de contas não detém o conhecimento absoluto acerca de todos os fatos que circundam a Pública Administração, sejam eles de ordem técnica, científica e orçamentária entre outras. O Termo de Ajustamento de Gestão revela-se como um instrumento consensual, decorrente de inspeções e auditorias realizadas pelos Tribunais de Contas, cujo estudo apresentou 68 Termos de Ajustamento de Gestão firmados pelo Tribunal de Contas do Estado de Sergipe (TCE/SE) e órgãos municipais/estaduais na perspectiva de corrigir rumos e tutelar direitos sociais fundamentais. Contribuições: Este estudo permite compreender a necessidade de se (re)pensar a gestão pública ultrapassando os limites dos tradicionais mecanismos do direito administrativo, onde se afirma o caráter democrático, educativo e pedagógico do Termo de Ajustamento de Gestão como prática preventiva ou saneadora de irregularidades. Também a título de contribuição, assinala-se a premência de um maior dinamismo na ação e solução de conflitos que não tenham como última finalidade a sanção, e sim a recomposição e a reorganização da gestão, buscando a correta implementação de políticas públicas que se voltem efetivamente à coletividade. Palavras-chave: ativismo de contas; Termo de Ajustamento de Gestão (TAG); Tribunal de Contas; tutela de direitos sociais. ABSTRACT Objective: This article starts from the construction of a conjecture that probes the possibilities of a Management Adjustment Term in the environment of the Courts of Auditors proving to be beneficial or not to society by way of its consensual practice. The research seeks the possibility and the need to prove whether the Management Adjustment Term acts with the primary objective of benefiting society as an instrument of protection of fundamental social rights. Methodology:A qualitative approach, to understand it as an instrument for exploring a phenomenon, to understand the meaning that individuals or groups give them, especially in the social or human environment. An exploratory, descriptive and documentary bibliographic review is used, as it makes it possible to summarize the bibliographic reviews in order to deepen the object of study through the processes and documents originating from the Court of Auditors of the State of Sergipe, Brazil. Results: The Term of Management Adjustment, by its very essence, continues in its application as an important instrument of administrative activism, as it allows by way of commitments signed in its core, to go beyond what the law literally provides, which target is to achieve citizens' rights and for their benefit, going beyond the literality of the law and taking into account that the auditor does not have absolute knowledge about all the facts surrounding the Public Administration, whether technical, scientific or budge among others. The Term of Management Adjustment reveals itself as a consensual instrument resulting from inspections and audits carried out by the Audit Courts, which study presented 68 Terms of Management Adjustment signed by the Audit Courts of the State of Sergipe (TCE/SE) and municipal /state bodies in the perspective of correcting directions and protecting fundamental social rights. Contributions: This study allows us to understand the need to (re)think public management beyond the limits of the traditional mechanisms of administrative law, which affirms the democratic, educational and pedagogical character of the Term of Management Adjustment as a preventive or remedy for irregularities. Also as a contribution, there is an urgent need for greater dynamism in the action and resolution of conflicts that do not have the ultimate purpose of sanction, but rather the recomposition and reorganization of management seeking the correct implementation of public policies effectively directed to the community. Keywords: account activism; Term of Management Adjustment (TAG); Audit Office; protection of social rights.

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