scholarly journals Anti-leptospiral agglutinins in marmosets (Saguinus oedipus and Saguinus leucopus) from illegal trade

2015 ◽  
pp. 4790-4799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana Gonzalez-Astudillo ◽  
Juliana Peña-Stadlin
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Illegal Trade ◽  
Saguinus Oedipus ◽  
Pathogenic Leptospira ◽  
Bodily Fluids ◽  
Microagglutination Test ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
Full Physical Examination ◽  
To Come

ABSTRACT Objective. Determine the infection status with pathogenic Leptospira of one Saguinus oedipus and nine Saguinus leucopus at the Cali Zoo that had been confiscated in Colombia from illegal trade. Materials and methods. A full physical examination, blood work, urinalysis were conducted in all individuals during the reception health check-up, in addition to running the microagglutination test with a pool of 19 serovars, with a starting dilution of 1:50. Results. A high positive titer (≥1:3200) to Leptospira alexanderi serovar manhao in an asymptomatic S. oedipus was detected. All S. leucopus tested negative or less than 1:50. Conclusions. Captive locations have been documented to artificially enhance opportunities to come into contact with contaminated bodily fluids from peridomestic rodents. However, infectious diseases acquired during the illegal transport of wildlife to major metropolitan centers are rarely considered a wildlife conservation or public health threat. Infection with zoonotic pathogens should also be considered an additional threat to endangered wild primates involved in illegal trade, which could hamper reintroduction efforts or other population management procedures for primate species with restricted and fragmented distributions.

scholarly journals Beyond rhino horn—wildlife conservation for North Yemen

Oryx ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Martin Varisco
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Illegal Trade

North Yemen banned the import of rhinoceros horn in 1982. There is still a demand for the horn to make dagger handles, however, and to meet this some is still smuggled into the country. This illegal trade threatens the world's last populations of rhinoceros and in late 1987 the author went to North Yemen to study the problem and to devlop a conservation strategy.

A new kind of hope

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 477-482
Author(s):  
Nishma Manek ◽  
Nick Harding
Keyword(s):  
Medical School ◽  
Late Night ◽  
Bodily Fluids ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
To Come

Think back to when you were applying for medical school, full of hope for the years to come. Think back to all that followed: the late-night studying, the long weekends, the scrubs smattered with bodily fluids. For most of us, it was a sense of hope that kept us going. However, we all have days when that hope feels stifled. Days when we are acutely aware of the increasing demand, days when we feel we have short-changed our patients due to factors outside our control, and days when we look at the senior GPs around us, and know deep down that we are not willing to consecrate ourselves to our work in quite the same way.

scholarly journals Evolution of the Human Chromosome 13 Synteny: Evolutionary Rearrangements, Plasticity, Human Disease Genes and Cancer Breakpoints

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Scardino ◽  
Vanessa Milioto ◽  
Anastasia A. Proskuryakova ◽  
Natalia A. Serdyukova ◽  
Polina L. Perelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Chromosome ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Artificial Chromosome ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Eutherian Mammal ◽  
Disease Genes ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Saguinus Oedipus ◽  
Chromosome 13 ◽  
High Level

The history of each human chromosome can be studied through comparative cytogenetic approaches in mammals which permit the identification of human chromosomal homologies and rearrangements between species. Comparative banding, chromosome painting, Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) mapping and genome data permit researchers to formulate hypotheses about ancestral chromosome forms. Human chromosome 13 has been previously shown to be conserved as a single syntenic element in the Ancestral Primate Karyotype; in this context, in order to study and verify the conservation of primate chromosomes homologous to human chromosome 13, we mapped a selected set of BAC probes in three platyrrhine species, characterised by a high level of rearrangements, using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). Our mapping data on Saguinus oedipus, Callithrix argentata and Alouatta belzebul provide insight into synteny of human chromosome 13 evolution in a comparative perspective among primate species, showing rearrangements across taxa. Furthermore, in a wider perspective, we have revised previous cytogenomic literature data on chromosome 13 evolution in eutherian mammals, showing a complex origin of the eutherian mammal ancestral karyotype which has still not been completely clarified. Moreover, we analysed biomedical aspects (the OMIM and Mitelman databases) regarding human chromosome 13, showing that this autosome is characterised by a certain level of plasticity that has been implicated in many human cancers and diseases.

scholarly journals Factors associated with Leptospira sp infection in a large urban center in northeastern Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juarez Pereira Dias ◽  
Maria Glória Teixeira ◽  
Maria Conceição Nascimento Costa ◽  
Carlos Maurício Cardeal Mendes ◽  
Patrícia Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
General Population ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Pathogenic Leptospira ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Microagglutination Test ◽  
Males And Females

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that has emerged to cause epidemics in urban communities in developing countries. However, little is known about the infection in the general population. A seroprevalence survey was performed on a random sample of 1,390 subjects in Salvador, Brazil. Data on environmental and socioeconomic factors were collected. The microagglutination test of serum samples was used to show any prior Leptospira infection. The overall seroprevalence was 12.4%. Among the seropositive individuals, 111 (61%) had high titers for serovars of the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup. Seroprevalence increased with age and was similar for males and females. A positive correlation between Leptospira infection and low educational level was found. These findings indicate that a significant proportion of this urban population is exposed to pathogenic Leptospira. Public health actions for leptospirosis control will need to target not only the traditional groups at risk of infection with severe forms of this disease, but also the general population that is at risk.

scholarly journals Revealing of Natural Leptospirosis Focus in Irkutsk Suburb

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Kiseleva ◽  
S. A. Borisov ◽  
N. V. Breneva ◽  
M. B. Sharakshanov ◽  
M. V. Chesnokova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Water Vole ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Pathogenic Leptospira ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Microagglutination Test ◽  
Water Vole Arvicola Terrestris ◽  
First Time

For the first time natural leptospirosis focus was revealed in the Irkutsk suburb in 2012 - 2014 during epizootological inspection of a pond-marsh complex. Total 74 small animals (14 species) were examined, specific fragments of Leptospira DNA were found in 16,2%; positive in microagglutination test results were in 1,6% of the samples. Two pathogenic Leptospira strains were isolated from tundra common shrews (Sorex tundrensis) and one isolate - from a water vole (Arvicola terrestris). Circulation of pathogenic Leptospira in a city line represents a potential risk of infection for local population that requires the planning and realization of appropriate preventive actions.

scholarly journals Primates of the Cantanhez Forest and the Cacine Basin, Guinea-Bissau

Oryx ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spartaco Gippoliti ◽  
Giacomo Dell'Omo
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
West African ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Pan Troglodytes Verus ◽  
The West ◽  
Game Species ◽  
Guinea Bissau

In a 4-week field study of the primates of Guinea-Bissau, a 10-day survey was carried out along the Cacine River and in the Cantanhez Forest to collect information about the presence of primates and other mammals. No biological information was available for these areas. The survey revealed the presence of at least seven primate species, four of which are included in the current IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. Of particular interest was the West African chimpanzee Pan troglodytes verus. This was considered to be possibly extinct in Guinea-Bissau, but was found to be locally common. All primate species are particularly vulnerable because of uncontrolled exploitation of the forest, while hunting is responsible for the decline of game species in the area. Other rare species occur in the area and make the Cacine Basin and Cantanhez Forest a priority area for wildlife conservation at national and regional levels.

scholarly journals Laboratory investigation of adult small ruminant Leptospirosis, a neglected infection in Greece: problems and recommendations

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
A. G. BISIAS (Α.Γ. ΜΠΙΣΙΑΣ) ◽  
C. S. KRITAS (Κ.Σ. ΚΡΗΤΑΣ) ◽  
C. H. BILLINIS (Χ. ΜΠΙΛΛΙΝΗΣ) ◽  
R. A. BURRIEL
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Screening ◽  
Pathogenic Leptospira ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Microagglutination Test ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
Kidney Lesions ◽  
Southern Greece

Leptospirosis is in Greece a neglected infection. Small ruminants and specifically sheep are accidental hosts of Leptospira spp, but they could also be disseminators of pathogenic serovars. Thus, the objective was to investigate leptospirosis of adult small ruminants coming from areas in Southern Greece, where accidental evidence had showed that leptospirosis could be an important infection for man and animals. For this purpose, blood and kidney samples were collected at slaughter from adult females. Collected samples were examined with a commercial serological screening kit, the microagglutination test ( MAT), histology and PCR. One hundred ten serum and 110 tissue samples were collected. Of the examined serum samples 55 (50%) were suspect for leptospirosis in the screening kit and 28 (25.45%) were MAT positive. Of the tissue samples 38 (34.5%) were PCR positive and 30 (27.2%) showed various degrees of microscopic kidney lesions. The serovars identified by the MAT were Tarassovi (10 animals), Autumnalis (8 animals), Zanoni (4 animals), Hebdomadis and Javanica (2 each), Bratislava and Hardjio prajitno (one each). The conclusion is that small ruminants and specifically sheep (98 animals) are disseminators of pathogenic Leptospira spp. serovars in areas where they predominate and climatic factors favor the survival of the pathogen.

scholarly journals Sustainable Human-Wildlife Conflict Management Strategies Around Busitema Central Forest Reserve, Eastern Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-76
Author(s):  
Remigio Turyahabwe ◽  
Joyfred Asaba ◽  
Andrew Mulabbi ◽  
Makoba Gudoyi Paul
Keyword(s):  
Community Involvement ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
To Come ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

The study aimed at establishing sustainable Human-wildlife co-existence strategies to help settle the conflicts existing between humans and wildlife living around Busitema Central Forest Reserve. To achieve this, we first examined the nature of the existing conflicts which helped us to come up with conflict-specific co-existence strategies. We used questionnaires, interviews and focused group discussions, where the information obtained was confirmed by field observations. The data was then analysed using simple descriptive statistics like percentages, means and standard deviations. Results indicated that primates (baboons and monkeys) dominated the conflicting list of wildlife with humans followed by rodents while carnivores were the least reported. Crop raiding (100%), livestock and poultry predation (36%) were the most dominant conflicts reported posed to man while habitat destruction (40%) and road accidents (26%) were the biggest conflict man has posed on wildlife. Equitable compensation (10±0.0) and community involvement in conservation (8±1.4) dominated the sustainable Human-Wildlife co-existence strategies suggested by local communities. It was concluded that, involvement of local communities in wildlife conservation should be prioritized and areas surrounding the protected forest area should be planted with crops such as tea and trees such as eucalyptus (woodlots) that are not affected by wildlife but rather are enhancers of wildlife habitats

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