Perceived Advantages and Disadvantages of Nonsmoking Sections in Restaurants: Topics to Communicate to Restaurateurs

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Marin ◽  
Raymond J. Gamba
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Set Up

Results from interviews with 315 restaurateurs in San Francisco are reported on their perceptions of the advantages and disadvantages of having a nonsmoking section in their restaurants. The major advantage of having a nonsmoking section independent of whether one is present is to please customers. The most commonly mentioned disadvantage for those restaurants with nonsmoking sections is the fact that it is inconvenient to clients' seating preferences primarily because it breaks up dining parties. Efforts at convincing restaurateurs to set up nonsmoking sections may be directed at pointing out savings in cleaning, labor, insurance, and the improvement of the health of their employees together with meeting clients' desires.

Charles Francis Adams: diary of a young American taxidermist visiting New Zealand, 1884–1887

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Gill
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
East Indies ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Set Up ◽  
White Island

In December 1884 Charles Francis Adams (1857–1893) left Illinois, USA, by train for San Francisco and crossed the Pacific by ship to work as taxidermist at Auckland Museum, New Zealand, until February 1887. He then went to Borneo via several New Zealand ports, Melbourne and Batavia (Jakarta). This paper concerns a diary by Adams that gives a daily account of his trip to Auckland and the first six months of his employment (from January to July 1885). In this period Adams set up a workshop and diligently prepared specimens (at least 124 birds, fish, reptiles and marine invertebrates). The diary continues with three reports of trips Adams made from Auckland to Cuvier Island (November 1886), Karewa Island (December 1886) and White Island (date not stated), which are important early descriptive accounts of these small offshore islands. Events after leaving Auckland are covered discontinuously and the diary ends with part of the ship's passage through the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia), apparently in April 1887. Adams's diary is important in giving a detailed account of a taxidermist's working life, and in helping to document the early years of Auckland Museum's occupation of the Princes Street building.

A qualitative and quantitative comparison between Web scraping and API methods for Twitter credibility analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irvin Dongo ◽  
Yudith Cardinale ◽  
Ana Aguilera ◽  
Fabiola Martinez ◽  
Yuni Quintero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Application Programming Interface ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Web Scraping ◽  
Shared Information

Purpose This paper aims to perform an exhaustive revision of relevant and recent related studies, which reveals that both extraction methods are currently used to analyze credibility on Twitter. Thus, there is clear evidence of the need of having different options to extract different data for this purpose. Nevertheless, none of these studies perform a comparative evaluation of both extraction techniques. Moreover, the authors extend a previous comparison, which uses a recent developed framework that offers both alternates of data extraction and implements a previously proposed credibility model, by adding a qualitative evaluation and a Twitter-Application Programming Interface (API) performance analysis from different locations. Design/methodology/approach As one of the most popular social platforms, Twitter has been the focus of recent research aimed at analyzing the credibility of the shared information. To do so, several proposals use either Twitter API or Web scraping to extract the data to perform the analysis. Qualitative and quantitative evaluations are performed to discover the advantages and disadvantages of both extraction methods. Findings The study demonstrates the differences in terms of accuracy and efficiency of both extraction methods and gives relevance to much more problems related to this area to pursue true transparency and legitimacy of information on the Web. Originality/value Results report that some Twitter attributes cannot be retrieved by Web scraping. Both methods produce identical credibility values when a robust normalization process is applied to the text (i.e. tweet). Moreover, concerning the time performance, Web scraping is faster than Twitter API and it is more flexible in terms of obtaining data; however, Web scraping is very sensitive to website changes. Additionally, the response time of the Twitter API is proportional to the distance from the central server at San Francisco.

CLASSIFICATION OF HAND SPLINTING

Hand Surgery ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 209-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon K. M. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Single System ◽  
Logical Deduction ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
American Society ◽  
Set Up ◽  
New System ◽  
Rote Memory

The terminology in describing splint or orthosis has been reviewed but there is no one single system adopted universally. Joint efforts by doctors, therapists and orthotists had been set up to review the classification of splint. Four ways of classifying hand splints have been introduced: namely, eponym, acronym, descriptive classification system and the classification system proposed by the American Society of Hand Therapists. These systems include the use of rote memory or logical deduction in grouping of splints. This paper describes the advantages and disadvantages of each classification system. Neither one of the systems stands out to be the best. A combination of the advantages of different systems, such as precision and logical deduction, may be an option for developing a new system. Moreover, communication, documentation and other environmental factors should also be considered.

Beak Trimming Handbook for Egg Producers

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phil Glatz ◽  
Michael Bourke
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Maximum Productivity ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Beak Trimming ◽  
Farm Biosecurity

The Beak Trimming Handbook for Egg Producers is a straightforward, practical guide to beak trimming of egg-laying hens to minimise cannibalism. It provides comprehensive information on why birds peck and how pecking can lead to problems like cannibalism; the methods available to beak trim birds; why a particular method should be chosen; and at what age birds may be trimmed. The book addresses quality control of beak trimming, enabling egg producers to be confident that equipment is properly set up, that birds are handled and trimmed according to best practice and farm biosecurity is maintained. Management of birds following beak trimming, to protect of the welfare of the birds and to ensure maximum productivity, is covered in detail. Best-practice, current methods of beak trimming, costs of trimming and ways to reduce the use of trimming are examined, along with expected future developments. The advantages and disadvantages of beak trimming are fully explored, covering both public and industry attitudes to the operation. Alternatives to beak trimming are canvassed to understand how the use of fitted devices, enrichment devices, abrasives, low lighting and the choice of low-pecking strains of birds can reduce the need for beak trimming. Finally, the book discusses strategies for minimising cannibalism and how the chosen strategy may be documented and justified. Please note that this book is spiral-bound.

scholarly journals Mathematical Models with Buckling and Contact Phenomena for Elastic Plates: A Review

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 566
Author(s):  
Aliki D. Muradova ◽  
Georgios E. Stavroulakis
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations ◽  
Composite Plates ◽  
Contact Problems ◽  
Elastic Plates ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Contact Models ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Unilateral Contact Problems

A review of mathematical models for elastic plates with buckling and contact phenomena is provided. The state of the art in this domain is presented. Buckling effects are discussed on an example of a system of nonlinear partial differential equations, describing large deflections of the plate. Unilateral contact problems with buckling, including models for plates, resting on elastic foundations, and contact models for delaminated composite plates, are formulated. Dynamic nonlinear equations for elastic plates, which possess buckling and contact effects are also presented. Most commonly used boundary and initial conditions are set up. The advantages and disadvantages of analytical, semi-analytical, and numerical techniques for the buckling and contact problems are discussed. The corresponding references are given.

Assessments of Upper Limb Ability following Stroke: A Review

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 427-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tennille J Rowland ◽  
Louise Gustafsson
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Psychometric Testing ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Set Up

The aim of this paper was to review the psychometric properties and clinical utility of assessments of upper limb ability following stroke. Upper limb ability was defined as the use of the arm in meaningful activity. The database searches identified 13 assessments of upper limb ability. The inclusion criteria were (a) an evaluation of upper limb ability post-stroke, (b) a quantitative assessment yielding a numerical score, (c) able to be administered by an occupational therapist and (d) published information building on the results of a review in 2001. The assessments included were reviewed with respect to the ability measured, equipment required, evidence of reliability and validity, and advantages and disadvantages of use. Seven assessments satisfied the inclusion criteria. These assessments have undergone varying degrees of psychometric testing as outcome measures for upper limb recovery and all demonstrate at least adequate levels of reliability and validity. There is variation in the availability of instruction manuals and time commitments for test administration. All test items are generally available and inexpensive, enabling departments to set up the assessments with minimal financial outlay. The assessments described are regularly used in research and all demonstrate psychometric properties that suggest that they could be incorporated into clinical practice. Occupational therapists are encouraged to consider how they may include these assessments into their own clinical practice. An important step in this process may be further research into the clinical utility of these assessments.

scholarly journals Colour Doppler Spatial Resolution Performance Testing

Ultrasound ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacinta E Browne ◽  
Ian Brown ◽  
Peter R Hoskins ◽  
Amanda J Watson ◽  
Alex T Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Colour Doppler ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Array Transducer ◽  
Flow Phantom ◽  
Minimum Separation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Test Phantom ◽  
Continuous Range

Background: Colour Doppler has become an integral part of many clinical ultrasound investigations, but evaluation of the spatial resolution of colour Doppler scanners remains problematic due to a lack of suitable test phantoms. Methods: The aims of this study were to evaluate two designs of colour Doppler spatial resolution test-phantom to compare their suitability for determining the spatial resolution of five commercially available ultrasound scanners. For the purpose of this study, spatial resolution was defined as the minimum resolvable distance between two channels of flow. Phantom 1 consisted of two diverging flow-channels. Phantom 2 consisted of four pairs of parallel channels with different separations. Results and Discussion: Both designs of phantom highlighted a number of advantages and disadvantages. In principle, phantom 1 allowed the minimal resolvable distance to be identified based on imaging a continuous range of separations, but in practice, the average separation being probed was uncertain, and the minimum separation between vessels of 1 mm was too large to test the resolutions of some of the scanners we studied. Phantom 2 was easier to set up and had a narrower minimum separation of 0.6 mm, but only four nominal separations were tested. Evaluation of five scanners using each prototype phantom suggested typical resolutions of 1·2 mm or lower. Many of the scanners possessed resolutions of approximately 0.6 mm or less, which was the minimum separation we were able to test. The poorest lateral resolution of approximately 1·2 mm was observed for a 13 year old scanner with curvilinear 4 MHz phased array transducer. Conclusion: Construction of the 'perfect' test-object for measuring colour Doppler resolution remains a considerable challenge. Further work will be required to produce acoustically realistic flow phantoms capable of testing the ability of colour Doppler to resolve increasingly narrow flow separations.

Comparative Studies of Alternative HPC Configurations for the NEWAC IRA Engine

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. John Calvert ◽  
Ed Swain ◽  
Ian Woods ◽  
Mark Dempsey ◽  
Uwe Schmidt-Eisenlohr
Keyword(s):  
Axial Compressor ◽  
Flow Coefficient ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Radial Compressor ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
High Pressure Compressor ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
Outlet Flow ◽  
Exhaust Stream ◽  
Set Up

One of the core configurations being considered under the EU NEWAC (NEWAero-engine Core concepts) programme is for an intercooled recuperative aero-engine (IRA). The IRA concept exploits the heat of the engine exhaust gas and maximises the heat pick up capacity of the combustor inlet air by intercooling in front of the high pressure compressor (HPC). The datum configuration adopted for the HPC is a single stage radial compressor, but comparative design studies into alternative configurations have also been carried out. The ducting arrangements for the HPC in the IRA engine are more complicated than in a conventional turbofan engine, with the inlet flow coming from the intercooler via a C-shaped duct and the outlet flow going to the heat exchangers in the exhaust stream via 8 pipes on the outside of the engine core. A radial compressor fits quite neatly into this configuration, but the size required for a 70,000 lbf (310kN) thrust engine is significantly larger than for existing designs. In addition, the use of intercooling reduces the flow coefficient below the optimum value. By contrast, an axial compressor is likely to achieve higher efficiency, but it will be longer and have considerably more aerofoils. Therefore, preliminary designs for axial, radial and axial-CF configurations have been set up and analysed using CFD and finite element methods to assess their aerodynamic performance and to investigate their mechanical requirements. Each configuration has some advantages and disadvantages, and the results from the current studies quantify these for current levels of compressor technology.

Numerical Simulation of Intercepting Efficiency on Airbag Active Protection System

2010 ◽  
Vol 156-157 ◽  
pp. 360-366
Author(s):  
Kun Zhong ◽  
Zhong Hua Du ◽  
Liang Zhou ◽  
Li Li Song
Keyword(s):  
Element Model ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Working Process ◽  
3D Finite Element ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Active Protection ◽  
New Type ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Metal Jet

Based on the advantages and disadvantages of existing active protection system, this paper proposes a new type of airbag active protection system. The components and working process of the system is introduced. Then taking the physical process of airbag active protection system against a rocket projectile as an example, a 3D finite element model (FEM) of airbag and rocket projectile is set up. With the assistance of the software LS-DYNA3D, through performing the simulation when the rocket projectile touched the airbag with an angle 30° from the normal interface, the intercepting efficiency is calculated and analyzed in the simulation. Results show that airbag can deform and rupture the metal jet generated by the rocket projectile, thus greatly reduce its armor penetrating effect. Finally, it shows excellent protective effect of the airbag active protection system.

Analysis of College Students' Online Business in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 644-650 ◽  
pp. 3036-3039
Author(s):  
Abudureheman Abuduaini ◽  
Nilupaer Aishanjiang
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Business College ◽  
Online Business ◽  
On Line ◽  
Business In China ◽  
Set Up

With the booming development of C2C e-commerce platforms such as Taobao, and facing the employment pressure and the huge market demand, many college students have started to run on line business. College students set up online shop as a new approach for own a business, brings opportunities for contemporary college students, but at the same time, there are risks and straits. This article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of college students’ opening online shop and proposes some useful suggestions for college students to set up successful online business.

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