scholarly journals 2263

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. 33-33
Author(s):  
Corbin Daniel Ester ◽  
Bethany Stangl ◽  
Aruna Gogineni ◽  
Lauren Blau ◽  
Vatsalya Vatsalya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Family History ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Expectancies ◽  
Subjective Response ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Risky Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Sensitivity ◽  
Alcohol Hangover

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The current study examined hangover following IV alcohol self-administration (IV-ASA) using the Computer-Assisted Infusion System. The goal of the study was to identify predictors of hangover, including drinking history, alcohol sensitivity, family history, expectancies, and sex differences in nondependent drinkers. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The study sample included 89 healthy, nondependent drinkers aged 21–45 years. After a screening to exclude any medical illness or psychiatric disorders, participants completed an IV-ASA session. Each session consisted of a 25-minute priming phase, during which participants were prompted to press a button to receive individually standardized alcohol infusions, followed by a 2-hour “open bar” phase, during which they were instructed to recreate a typical drinking experience. Results from the IV-ASA included peak and average BrAC. Drinking patterns were assessed using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, which provided 3 subscales: consumption (AUDIT-C), dependence (AUDIT-D), and harmful drinking (AUDIT-H). Subjective response to alcohol was measured using the Drug Effects Questionnaire (DEQ). The Alcohol Hangover Scale (AHS) was used to assess hangover for the period between participants’ departure from the study unit and 10 am the next morning. The Alcohol Effects Questionnaire (AEFQ) is a measure which includes 40 true/false statements about how alcohol typically makes respondents feel, and was used to measure alcohol expectancies. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Results showed that 78% of participants endorsed having at least 1 hangover symptom following IV-ASA. The most commonly reported items were tired, thirsty, headache, and hangover. There was no association between hangover scores and the AUDIT-C or IV-ASA. Because alcohol consumption was not related to hangover symptoms, risky drinking behavior was examined. Results indicated that participants endorsing 4 or more items on the AUDIT-D plus AUDIT-H subscales showed significantly higher average hangover scores. Linear regression analyses indicated that alcohol hangover scores were associated with DEQ items feel, high, and intoxicated. Ongoing analyses are examining additional predictors of hangover including family history, alcohol expectancies, sex differences, and other alcohol sensitivity measures. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The results indicated that risky drinking patterns and alcohol response measures were positively associated with hangover symptoms in non-dependent drinks, while no correlation between consumption and hangover symptoms were found. Since previous research has shown than greater subjective response is associated with heavy drinking and predictive of alcohol use disorder, it is possible that hangover symptoms is a marker of this relationship. Since the role of hangover in the transition from heavy drinking to disorder still remains unclear, it will be important to characterize this relationship between alcohol sensitivity and hangover as a function of drinking patterns. This understanding may help to prevent this transition from at-risk drinking to alcohol dependent drinking.

Sex Differences in Acute Alcohol Sensitivity of Naïve and Alcohol Dependent Central Amygdala GABA Synapses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Kirson ◽  
Sophia Khom ◽  
Larry Rodriguez ◽  
Sarah A Wolfe ◽  
Florence P Varodayan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Central Amygdala ◽  
Alcohol Sensitivity ◽  
Whole Cell Patch Clamp ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

Abstract Aims Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is linked to hyperactivity of brain stress systems, leading to withdrawal states which drive relapse. AUD differs among the sexes, as men are more likely to have AUD than women, but women progress from casual use to binge and heavy alcohol use more quickly and are more likely to relapse into repetitive episodes of heavy drinking. In alcohol dependence animal models of AUD, the central amygdala (CeA) functions as a hub of stress and anxiety processing and gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic signaling within the CeA is involved in dependence-induced increases in alcohol consumption. We have shown dysregulation of CeA GABAergic synaptic signaling in alcohol dependence animal models, but previous studies have exclusively used males. Methods Here, we used whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology to examine basal CeA GABAergic spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSC) and the effects of acute alcohol in both naïve and alcohol dependent rats of both sexes. Results We found that sIPSC kinetics differ between females and males, as well as between naïve and alcohol-dependent animals, with naïve females having the fastest current kinetics. Additionally, we find differences in baseline current kinetics across estrous cycle stages. In contrast to the increase in sIPSC frequency routinely found in males, acute alcohol (11–88 mM) had no effect on sIPSCs in naïve females, however the highest concentration of alcohol increased sIPSC frequency in dependent females. Conclusion These results provide important insight into sex differences in CeA neuronal function and dysregulation with alcohol dependence and highlight the need for sex-specific considerations in the development of effective AUD treatment.

scholarly journals Increases in Risky Drinking During the COVID-19 Pandemic Assessed via Longitudinal Cohort Design: Associations With Racial Tensions, Financial Distress, Psychological Distress and Virus-Related Fears

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William V Lechner ◽  
Natasha K Sidhu ◽  
Jackson T Jin ◽  
Ahmad A Kittaneh ◽  
Kimberly R Laurene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Financial Distress ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Risky Drinking ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
High Risk Drinking ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has created disruptions to daily life resulting in wide-spread unemployment and psychological distress. Recent studies have reported high rates of alcohol use during this time; however, longitudinal data remain scarce and factors associated with increases in high-risk drinking observed over time are unknown. Aims The current study examined changes in high-risk drinking patterns across four 7-day observation periods, prior to and following a university wide campus closure. Additionally, factors associated with changes in alcohol use patterns were examined including financial distress, psychological distress, impact of racial tensions and virus-related fears. Method Students (N = 1001) in the Midwestern USA completed repeated assessments between March and June 2020. Each survey included a timeline follow-back measure of alcohol use. Pandemic-related distress spanning several factors was assessed at the final follow-up. Results Risky drinking patterns increased significantly over time. Overall, psychological distress and impact of racial tensions were associated with higher rates of risky drinking, whereas COVID-19-related fears were associated with lower rates. However, only financial-related distress was associated with an increase in risky drinking patterns over time. Conclusions Increased risky drinking patterns observed in the current study may signal problems that are likely to persist even after the direct impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on daily life ends. Individuals experiencing financial distress may represent a particularly high-risk group. Interventions targeting the cross-section of job loss, financial stress and problematic alcohol use will be important to identify.

scholarly journals 3376 Super Bingers: Traits and Patterns Associated with High-Intensity Drinking

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (s1) ◽  
pp. 154-155
Author(s):  
James Keoni Morris ◽  
Julia E. Swan ◽  
Josh L. Gowin ◽  
Melanie L. Schwandt ◽  
Nancy Diazgranados ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Timeline Followback ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level 2

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: This study attempts to evaluate the drinking patterns and traits of individuals who partake in high intensity drinking, defined as binge drinking at 2 or more times the minimum binge count (4 drinks for females, 5 drinks for males). METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We analyzed data from non-treatment seeking volunteers enrolled in NIAAA screening protocols. The sample included 706 males and 474 females ranging in age from 18 to 91. Subjects were assigned to one of four groups (Non-Binge, Level 1, Level 2, Level 3) based on the highest binge session reported in their Timeline Followback questionnaire. The criteria for each group were different for males and females based on the current NIAAA definitions of binge drinking. The cutoffs for females were 0-3 drinks for Non-Binge, 4-7 drinks for Level 1, 8-11 drinks for Level 2, and 12+ drinks for Level 3. The male drink cutoffs were 0-4, 5-9, 10-14, and 15+ respectively. We looked at various drinking measures (Timeline Followback, Self-Reported Effects of Alcohol (SRE), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)) and trait measures (UPPS-P Impulsivity Scale, Barratt’s Impulsiveness Scale, Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire) to identify mean differences between groups. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: There were significant differences in drinking patterns between the groups for both males and females. Number of drinking days, average drinks per drinking day, and number of heavy drinking days all increased as binge level increased. There were also significant differences between groups in males for trait measures. Level 2 and Level 3 bingers scored significantly higher on impulsivity and aggression than the Level 1 and Non-Binge groups. Ongoing analyses are examining differences among binge groups on other measures including SRE and AUDIT. Future analyses will explore potential mechanisms underlying the relationships between trait measures and binge drinking using structural equation modeling. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: This study found significant differences between high-intensity drinkers, or “super bingers”, and lighter binge and non-binge drinkers. Super bingers showed an overall heavier drinking pattern across measures. The elevated aggression, impulsivity, and overall heavy drinking patterns of super bingers suggest a behavioral profile that makes this group in particular at higher risk for developing alcohol use disorder and related problems. These traits and behaviors may also help identify targets for treatment interventions for alcohol use disorder.

Salience of Alcohol Expectancies and Drinking Outcomes

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Finetta L. Reese
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Expectancies ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Alcohol Expectancy ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Equal Importance ◽  
Total Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Drinking Patterns ◽  
Drinking Outcomes

There is a body of research which indicates that endorsement of positive alcohol expectancies predicts alcohol drinking patterns; however, there is inconsistency in the literature regarding which particular alcohol expectancies predict drinking. Although an individual may endorse a variety of alcohol expectancy beliefs, these beliefs may not be of equal importance to drinking decisions. This study investigated whether the prediction of drinking might be enhanced by considering salience of alcohol expectancies rather than mere endorsement. Hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated that expectancy salience significantly improved the prediction of total alcohol consumption above and beyond the effects of expectancy endorsement. Expectancy salience was less effective as a predictor of heavy drinking.

Comparing Drinking Patterns in Finland and Ontario (Canada)

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Cunningham ◽  
Pia Mäkelä
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Population Surveys ◽  
The Past ◽  
Males And Females

A comparison is made of drinking patterns in Finland and Ontario (Canada). Respondents in two existing population surveys, the 1996 Joint Nordic Questionnaire and the 1996 Ontario Drug Monitor, were compared on their frequency of alcohol use in the past year, frequency of heavy drinking (6+ on Nordic survey and 5+ in Ontario), and both frequency and typical quantity of beer, wine and liquor consumption in males and females. It appeared that there are fewer nondrinkers and more weekly drinkers in the Finnish sample than in the Ontario sample. Further, both males and females in Ontario consumed 6+ drinks on one occasion more frequently than their Finnish counterparts. However, examination of the patterns of beer, wine and liquor consumption, particularly the distribution of very heavy drinking days (e.g., 12 or more drinks of liquor on one occasion), indicates that there is some evidence for periodic heavy drinking in Finnish males. Contrary to expectations, Canadian and Finnish drinking patterns appeared fairly similar. However, there was some evidence for a higher prevalence of binge drinking by Finnish men as compared with Canadian men.

Patterns of alcohol use 1 year after traumatic brain injury: A population-based, epidemiological study

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL DAVID HORNER ◽  
PAMELA L. FERGUSON ◽  
ANBESAW W. SELASSIE ◽  
LAWRENCE A. LABBATE ◽  
KATHRYN KNIELE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Discharge Data

This study delineated patterns of alcohol use 1 year after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a large, population-based, epidemiological, nonclinical sample, and identified predictors of heavy alcohol use in these individuals. Participants were 1,606 adults identified by review of a South Carolina statewide hospital discharge data set, on the basis of satisfying the Centers for Disease Control case definition of TBI, and were interviewed by telephone 1 year after TBI-related discharge. Alcohol use in the month prior to interview was classified according to categories from the Quantity–Frequency–Variability Index; heavy drinking was defined as nearly daily use with ≥ 5 drinks at least occasionally, or at least three occasions with ≥ 5 drinks. A polychotomous logistic regression with 3 response levels (heavy, moderate, and abstinent/infrequent/light drinking) was used to identify predictors of heavy drinking. Heavy drinking in the month prior to interview was reported by 15.4% of participants, while 14.3% reported moderate drinking and 70.3% reported abstinence or light/infrequent drinking. Risk factors for heavy drinking included male gender, younger age, history of substance abuse prior to TBI, diagnosis of depression since TBI, fair/moderate mental health, and better physical functioning. There was no association between drinking patterns and TBI severity. (JINS, 2005,11, 322–330.)

Sex differences in alcohol use disorders and risky drinking among chronic non-cancer pain patients receiving opioid therapy

2015 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. e122
Author(s):  
Briony Larance ◽  
Amy Peacock ◽  
Gabrielle Campbell ◽  
Raimondo Bruno ◽  
Nicholas Lintzeris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Cancer Pain ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Opioid Therapy ◽  
Risky Drinking ◽  
Pain Patients

scholarly journals Interaction of Heavy Drinking Patterns and Depression Severity predicts Efficacy of Quetiapine Fumarate XR in lowering Alcohol Intake in Alcohol Use Disorder Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vatsalya Vatsalya ◽  
Maiying Kong ◽  
Luis M. Marsano ◽  
Zimple D Kurlawala ◽  
Kan V Chandras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Quetiapine Fumarate ◽  
Heavy Alcohol ◽  
Depression Ratings

Background: Shared etiological pathways of dopamine and serotonin neurotransmission play a central role in heavy alcohol intake and exacerbation in the symptoms of depression. We investigated the role of depression ratings and patterns of heavy drinking on the treatment efficacy of Quetiapine fumarate XR in lowering alcohol intake in alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients. Methods: One hundred and eight male and female heavy drinking AUD patients in the age range of 18 to 64 yrs. received 12 weeks of active treatment. Participants were grouped by the severity grading of depression using Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) (clinically relevant≥8 [CR], clinically non-relevant≤7 [CNR]) at baseline. Drinking history and depression ratings were assessed at the patients visits. Results: Heavy drinking days (HDD) and total drinks (TD) were significantly fewer in CR patients at the treatment end. A true positive response in AUROC analysis supported the lowering of TD in CR patients. The number of drinking days (NDD) and average drinks per drinking day (AvgD) were lower in the CNR patients at treatment-end. Significant associations with increasing effect sizes were observed for all the heavy drinking measures (HDD, TD, NDD and AvgD) and MADRS scores by the end of the treatment course. Conclusions: Baseline elevated depressive symptoms could likely predict the course of heavy alcohol drinking during the treatment, and efficacy outcome of a treatment. AUD patients with baseline clinically significant depression had a progressive lowering in heavy drinking markers significantly corresponding to the lowering of depression symptoms by the end of treatment with Quetiapine fumarate XR.

Sociocultural Correlates of Substance Use among Medical Students

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul David Forney ◽  
Mary Ann Forney ◽  
Paul Fischer ◽  
John W. Richards ◽  
Joseph Scherger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Religious Attendance ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Regional Medical

Medical students at four regional medical schools were administered a questionnaire regarding drug, alcohol, and tobacco use, and involvement in sensation-seeking sports and activities. Results of the study indicated that tobacco use was minimal, drug use was moderately low, and alcohol use was extensive. Increased alcohol use was strongly correlated with heavy drinking patterns in parents and male students while decreased drinking was strongly correlated with frequent religious attendance patterns. Students actively using drugs were more likely to have heavy drinking parents and to attend church infrequently. Protestant students and black students were least likely to be involved in drug use. Drug, alcohol, and tobacco use were significantly correlated. Those who use drugs tend to be heavy drinkers and smokers. Preventive education programs can utilize the results in medical school to inform students of potential problem areas based on sociodemographic influences.

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