Reward-Related Attentional Capture Moderates the Association between Fear-Driven Motives and Heavy Drinking

Background: To date, there has been little investigation on how motivational and cognitive mechanisms interact to influence problematic drinking behaviours. Towards this aim, the current study examined whether reward-related attentional capture is associated with reward, fear (relief), and habit drinking motives, and further, whether it interacts with these motives in relation to problematic drinking patterns. Methods: Ninety participants (mean age = 34.8 years, SD = 9.1, 54% male) who reported having consumed alcohol in the past month completed an online visual search task that measured reward-related attentional capture as well as the Habit Reward Fear Scale, a measure of drinking motives. Participants also completed measures of psychological distress, impulsivity, compulsive drinking, and consumption items of Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Regression analyses examined the associations between motives for alcohol consumption and reward-related attentional capture, as well as the associations between reward-related attentional capture, motives, and their interaction, with alcohol consumption and problems. Results: Greater reward-related attentional capture was associated with greater reward motives. Further, reward-related attentional capture also interacted with fear motives in relation to alcohol consumption. Follow-up analyses showed that this interaction was driven by greater fear motives being associated with heavier drinking among those with lower reward-related attentional capture (i.e., “goal-trackers”). Conclusion: These findings have implications for understanding how cognition may interact with motives in association with problematic drinking. Specifically, the findings highlight different potential pathways to problematic drinking according to an individual’s cognitive-motivational profile and may inform tailored interventions to target profile-specific mechanisms. Finally, these findings offer support for contemporary models of addiction that view excessive goal-directed behaviour under negative affect as a critical contributor to addictive behaviours.

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STUDENTŲ ALKOHOLIO VARTOJIMO LŪKESČIŲ, SAVIVEIKSMINGUMO, MOTYVŲ IR ALKOHOLIO VARTOJIMO SĄSAJOS

Psichologija ◽

10.15388/psichol.2011.44.2546 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 88-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. Baltrušaitytė ◽

L. Bulotaitė

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Heavy Drinking ◽

Outcome Expectancies ◽

Drinking Motives ◽

Drinking Patterns ◽

Effective Prevention ◽

Alcohol Outcome Expectancies ◽

The Relationship ◽

Alcohol Related Problems

Straipsnio tikslas – išsiaiškinti studentų lūkesčių, motyvų ir saviveiksmingumo sąsajas su alkoholio vartojimu. Naudojant alkoholio vartojimo lūkesčių klausimyną, atsisakymo gerti saviveiksmingumo klausimyną, motyvų vartoti alkoholį klausimyną, motyvų nevartoti alkoholio klausimyną ir alkoholio vartojimo įpročių bei problemų anketą buvo apklausti 308 studentai iš 5 Lietuvos universitetų. Gauti rezultatai rodo, kad studentų motyvai vartoti alkoholį ir teigiamų pasekmių lūkesčiai yra teigiamai susiję su alkoholio vartojimo dažnumu, kiekiu ir vartojimo sukeltomis problemomis, o atsisakymo gerti saviveiksmingumas ir motyvai nevartoti alkoholio dėl abejingumo alkoholiui yra neigiamai susiję su alkoholio vartojimo ypatumais (dažnumu, kiekiu, problemomis). Vyriškoji lytis, stipresni motyvai vartoti alkoholį ir menkesnis saviveiksmingumas prognozuoja didesnius suvartojamo alkoholio kiekius, o dažnesnį alkoholio vartojimą prognozuoja dar ir jaunesnis alkoholio vartojimo pradžios amžius. Didesnį su alkoholio vartojimu susijusių problemų skaičių prognozuoja ne tik gausesnis alkoholio vartojimas, bet ir stipresni motyvai vartoti alkoholį bei silpnesnis saviveiksmingumas. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: alkoholio vartojimas, lūkesčiai, motyvai, saviveiksmingumas.Relationship between Alcohol Outcome Expectancies, Self-Efficacy, Motives and Alcohol Consumption among University StudentsBaltrušaitytė R., Bulotaitė L. SummaryAlcohol use is widespread among university students. While searching for the factors associated with drinking, scientists more often acknowledge the importance of various cognitive-motivational variables. It is recommended to consider these variables when developing effective prevention and intervention programs. The cognitive-motivational variables examined in this study were: alcohol outcome expectancies, drinking motives, motives for not drinking, and drinking refusal self-efficacy. The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between alcohol outcome expectancies, motives, self-efficacy and alcohol consumption among Lithuanian university students. Another aim was to propose and test a meditational model in which alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems are predicted by expectancies, motives and self-efficacy. 308 students from five Lithuanian universities participated in this study. All participants completed the Drinking Expectancy Questionnaire – revised (DEQ-r), Drinking Refusal Self-efficacy Questionnaire – revised (DRSEQ-r), Drinking Motives Questionnaire (DMQ), motives for not drinking questionnaire and one more questionnaire assessing drinking patterns and alcohol-related problems. The results have shown that the male gender, stronger motives to drink and a weaker drink ing refusal self-efficacy predict a larger quantity of alcohol consumed per occasion. More frequent drinking was also predicted by an earlier age of drinking onset. A larger number of alcohol-related problems was predicted not only by the frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption, but also by stronger motives to drink and a weaker drinking refusal self-efficacy. The relationship between positive alcohol outcome expectancies and alcohol consumption was mediated by motives and drinking refusal self-efficacy. Motives to drink predict alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems directly and indirectly – through self-efficacy. Drinking refusal self-efficacy predicted alcohol consumption directly, and the relationship between self-efficacy and alcohol-related problems was mediated by alcohol consumption. Strong positive alcohol outcome expectancies and drinking motives may be considered as potential risk factors for heavy drinking and alcohol-related problems. Strong drinking refusal self-efficacy and strong motives for not drinking because of indifference toward alcohol may be considered as protective factors against drinking and alcohol-related problems among university students.Keywords: alcohol consumption, expectancies, motives, self-efficacy.15%; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">

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Nordic, Italian, and German Drinking Habits: A Comparison between Surveys Made since the 1980s

Nordisk Alkoholtisdkrift (Nordic Alcohol Studies) ◽

10.1177/145507259501201s12 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 12 (1_suppl) ◽

pp. 14-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sari Hanhinen

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Adult Population ◽

Heavy Drinking ◽

Nordic Countries ◽

European Countries ◽

Drinking Patterns ◽

Central European ◽

Four Dimensions ◽

Drinking Habits ◽

Drinking Frequency

This article compares Nordic drinking habit surveys and their results — a comparison previously done in 1988. It includes all the main surveys regarding drinking habits of the adult population in the Nordic countries since 1988. In addition the analysis takes in Italy and Germany. Drinking habits are described and compared on four dimensions: the share of abstainers and drinkers, overall drinking frequency, the volume of alcohol consumption, and heavy drinking and drinking for intoxication. The study highlights the difficulties inherent in the international comparison of drinking habits. The results indicate that even though the changes in beverage preferences imply a homogenization of drinking patterns, the homogenization hypothesis proves to be wrong when comparing the results concerning the shares of abstainers, drinking frequencies or distribution of alcohol consumption between women and men. Denmark still differs from the rest of the Nordic countries in these respects, being closer to central European countries like Germany. In the other Nordic countries traditional drinking patterns seem to persist despite the changes in beverage preferences. Closest to Denmark and central European countries stands Finland, where drinking frequency has been rising and where more alcohol is consumed than in Sweden, Norway and Iceland. Looking at the previous comparison of Nordic drinking habits, it can be concluded that drinking habits are very open to changes.

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Effect of alcohol consumption on patient-reported outcomes in hip arthroscopy: a matched controlled study with minimum 2-year follow-up

Hip International ◽

10.1177/1120700019853554 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 457-468

Author(s):

Ajay C Lall ◽

Erwin Secretov ◽

Muriel R Battaglia ◽

David R Maldonado ◽

Itay Perets ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Total Hip Arthroplasty ◽

Hip Arthroscopy ◽

Patient Reported Outcomes ◽

Heavy Drinking ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Patient Reported ◽

Heavy Drinkers ◽

Outerbridge Grade

Introduction:There is a paucity of literature examining the effects of alcohol consumption on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) after hip arthroscopy. The purpose of this study was to report 2-year outcomes of hip arthroscopy in patients who consume alcohol compared to patients who abstain.Methods:Registry data were prospectively collected and retrospectively reviewed to identify heavy drinkers at the time of primary hip arthroscopy. Patients were matched 1:1 (heavy drinkers:non-drinkers) based on age, sex, BMI, acetabular Outerbridge grade, and capsular treatment. All patients were assessed with 4 validated PROs: mHHS, NAHS, HOS-SSS, and iHOT-12. Pain was estimated with VAS.Results:42 patients were pair matched in each group (heavy drinkers:non-drinkers). Both groups demonstrated significant improvement for all PROs and VAS. Heavy drinkers reported lesser improvement in HOS-SSS ( p = 0.0169), smaller decrease in VAS ( p = 0.0157), and lower final scores on iHOT-12 ( p = 0.0302), SF-12 mental ( p = 0.0086), and VR-12 mental ( p = 0.0151). Significantly fewer patients in the heavy-drinking group reached PASS for mHHS ( p = 0.0464). Odds of achieving PASS for mHHS was 2.5 times higher for patients who abstain from alcohol. The rates of revision hip arthroscopy and conversion to total hip arthroplasty were not statistically different between groups.Conclusion:While hip arthroscopy may still yield clinical benefit in drinkers, patients who consume heavy amounts of alcohol may ultimately achieve an inferior functional status and should be counselled on drinking cessation to optimise their results.

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“The Dop System of Alcohol Distribution is Dead, but It’s Legacy Lives On….”

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16193701 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (19) ◽

pp. 3701

Author(s):

Philip May ◽

Anna-Susan Marais ◽

Marlene De Vries ◽

Julie Hasken ◽

Julie Stegall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders ◽

Heavy Drinking ◽

Alcoholic Beverages ◽

Drinking Patterns ◽

Fetal Alcohol ◽

Problematic Drinking ◽

Spectrum Disorders ◽

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum

Objective: Determine the prevalence of Dop, a system of labor payment via alcoholic beverages, in a South African province, and its influence on maternal drinking and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Methods: Data from studies of FASD epidemiology were analyzed. Results: Forty-two percent to 67% of mothers reported drinking. In 1999, 5% of women reported Dop allocations in their lifetime: 14% of mothers of FASD children and 1% of controls. In 2010, 1.1% of mothers reported lifetime Dop: 1.6% of FASD mothers and 0.7% of controls. Commercial alcohol sales have replaced the Dop system. Total FASD rates remained high in rural areas in 2010 and rose in urban settings. Urban rates of total FASD surpassed rural area rates in 2010. Correlation analysis did not reveal a strong or significant, direct relationship between Dop experience and heavy drinking (r = 0.123, p < 0.001, r2 = 0.015), or the diagnosis of FASD in children (OR = 0.003, p = 0.183). Conclusion: Dop, as a systematic practice, is dead and does not have a direct influence on alcohol availability, heavy maternal drinking, or the probability of an FASD diagnosis. Nevertheless, today’s problematic drinking patterns were heavily influenced (shaped) by Dop and have negatively impacted the prevalence and severity of FASD.

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Alcohol Drinking Patterns and Contributing Factors among Medical Students, a Systematic Review

Clinical Medical Reviews and Reports ◽

10.31579/2690-8794/094 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 01-03

Author(s):

Sheehama J A ◽

Mbangula H J ◽

Lukolo L N

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Medical Students ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Peer Pressure ◽

Health Concern ◽

Drinking Patterns ◽

Problematic Drinking ◽

Multiple Factors

Background:The use of Alcohol has become an important public health concern with a variety of negative consequences, it is important to understand the variables that may be risk factors for this phenomenon. Further, university students represent a group of individuals who have unique drinking patterns and different risk factors and concerns related to problematic drinking than the population in general. Legal substances like alcohol accounts for the vast majority of negative medical, economic, and social impact. Although alcohol use occurs across many age groups, young adults aged 18–24 years show the highest rates of alcohol use and have the greatest percentage of problems drinkers (Kandel & Logan, 1984). Namibia is ranked fifth on the African continent in terms of annual alcohol consumption with the average Namibian consuming 9.62 liters of alcohol per year (WHO 2011). This review addresses problematic drinking and the variables associated with it for medical students. The purpose of this systematic review is to compare the perception and attitude of alcohol consumption among medical students and weigh the factors associated with drinking habits. Methods:A qualitative and quantitative systematic review of article from multiple search engines. Five articles were within the inclusion criteria thus appraised and reviewed for this paper. The common study method used was cross sectional, with varying sample sizes. Commonly, the use of self-assessment questionnaires and objective AUDIT C and CAGE score evaluation were used frequently between these articles. Results:The review showed that there are multiple factors that influence the use of alcohol among medical students. Personal factors such as a new found sense of independence, peer pressure, inability to handle academic stressors. Socio-economic factors include high tolerance of alcohol use in the communities and monthly expenses. It was also noted that the use of alcohol in medical students is higher than the average university student. A highlighted noted is that the use of alcohol is much higher among male than female medical students. Conclusion:Findings suggested that the perceptions of alcohol use is depended on multiple factors majority being academic perceived stress. It is also noted that continuation of these maladaptive coping mechanisms may lead to dysfunction in the future. The findings of systematic review are limited by the number of articles appraised and reliant on the information provided by the authors.

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Age, Period, and Cohort Effects on Time Trends in Alcohol Consumption in the German Adult Population

SUCHT - Zeitschrift für Wissenschaft und Praxis / Journal of Addiction Research and Practice ◽

10.1024/0939-5911/a000046 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 56 (5) ◽

pp. 349-359 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Alexander Pabst ◽

Ludwig Kraus ◽

Daniela Piontek ◽

Stefanie Mueller

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Time Trends ◽

Adult Population ◽

Heavy Drinking ◽

Epidemiological Survey ◽

Alcohol Policy ◽

Cohort Effects ◽

Drinking Patterns ◽

Age Variations ◽

Cohort Groups

Aims: To estimate independent age, period, and cohort effects on time trends in alcohol volume and episodic heavy drinking in Germany. Method: Data from six waves of the German Epidemiological Survey of Substance Abuse (ESA) between 1995 and 2009 were used. The analytical sample comprised n = 34,542 individuals aged 18 to 64 years with at least one drinking occasion in the last 30 days. Alcohol volume was derived from beverage-specific quantity frequency questions. Episodic heavy drinking was specified as the number of days with five or more alcoholic drinks at a single occasion. Results: On average across age and cohort groups, alcohol consumption has considerably declined over the last 15 years. Cohort effects indicate a decline in alcohol volume from the 1940s to the 1970s birth cohort groups and a steep increase in younger cohorts. Moreover, cohorts born after 1980 were found to drink more often to intoxication than older cohorts. Age variations in trends were rather small compared to period and cohort effects. Conclusions: Despite the steady declining trend in alcohol consumption in the German general population, there is a tendency toward riskier drinking patterns among the youngest cohorts. This underlines the need for alcohol policy measures.

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Abstract P237: Moderate and Heavy Alcohol Consumption Are Associated With Decreased Systolic Function After 8 Years of Follow-up

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.137.suppl_1.p237 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Hanne Van Ballegooijen ◽

Petra J Elders ◽

Coen D Stehouwer ◽

Jacqueline M Dekker ◽

Joline Beulens

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Systolic Function ◽

Heavy Drinking ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Volume Index ◽

Heavy Alcohol ◽

Heavy Drinkers ◽

Heavy Alcohol Consumption ◽

Excessive Alcohol

Introduction: Excessive alcohol consumption is an important risk factors for cardiovascular disease, however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis whether alcohol consumption is prospectively associated with unfavorable measures of cardiac structure and function. Methods: We used data from the Hoorn Study, a population-based, prospective cohort study. Data on self-reported alcohol consumption were collected with a validated food frequency questionnaire in 2000/2001(baseline for the current analyses). Echocardiography was performed in 2000/2001 in 582 participants and in 2007/2009 in 339 participants. Participants were classified into 5 categories based on self-reported alcohol consumption (glasses per week): 0 (non-drinkers), 0- 3 (light-drinkers), ≥3-7 (light to moderate drinkers), ≥7-14 (moderate drinkers) and ≥14 (heavy drinkers). Light drinking was considered the reference group. We studied the association of alcohol consumption with echocardiographic measures after 8 years of follow-up using linear regression analyses, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: The mean age was 69.8±6.5 years and 50% was female. After 7.4±0.5 years follow-up, moderate and heavy alcohol consumption were associated with a decreased left ventricular ejection fraction of -5.1% (-8.7, -1.4) for moderate and -4.8% (-8.8, -0.8) for heavy drinkers (Table). Heavy drinking was also associated with a decrease in left atrial volume index: -3.9mL/m 2 (-7.6, -0.2). No longitudinal associations were found between alcohol consumption and left ventricular mass index. Conclusion: Both moderate and heavy drinking were associated with decreased systolic function after 8 years follow-up. The toxic effect of alcohol could lead to underfilling of the left atrium which could lead to lower systolic function. These findings may explain the increased cardiovascular risk among people with excessive alcohol use.

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Comparing Drinking Patterns in Finland and Ontario (Canada)

Contemporary Drug Problems ◽

10.1177/009145090303000307 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 685-699 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

John A. Cunningham ◽

Pia Mäkelä

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Binge Drinking ◽

Heavy Drinking ◽

Drinking Patterns ◽

Population Surveys ◽

The Past ◽

Males And Females

A comparison is made of drinking patterns in Finland and Ontario (Canada). Respondents in two existing population surveys, the 1996 Joint Nordic Questionnaire and the 1996 Ontario Drug Monitor, were compared on their frequency of alcohol use in the past year, frequency of heavy drinking (6+ on Nordic survey and 5+ in Ontario), and both frequency and typical quantity of beer, wine and liquor consumption in males and females. It appeared that there are fewer nondrinkers and more weekly drinkers in the Finnish sample than in the Ontario sample. Further, both males and females in Ontario consumed 6+ drinks on one occasion more frequently than their Finnish counterparts. However, examination of the patterns of beer, wine and liquor consumption, particularly the distribution of very heavy drinking days (e.g., 12 or more drinks of liquor on one occasion), indicates that there is some evidence for periodic heavy drinking in Finnish males. Contrary to expectations, Canadian and Finnish drinking patterns appeared fairly similar. However, there was some evidence for a higher prevalence of binge drinking by Finnish men as compared with Canadian men.

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Smartphone Apps Targeting Hazardous Drinking Patterns among University Students Show Differential Subgroup Effects over 20 Weeks: Results from a Randomized, Controlled Trial

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8111807 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 1807 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anne H. Berman ◽

Claes Andersson ◽

Mikael Gajecki ◽

Ingvar Rosendahl ◽

Kristina Sinadinovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽

Heavy Drinking ◽

Alcohol Concentration ◽

Drinking Patterns ◽

Smartphone Apps ◽

Excessive Drinking ◽

Positive Effects

Overconsumption of alcohol, from hazardous to excessive, heavy, and harmful levels, is common among university students. Consenting Swedish students were assigned to one of two smartphone apps offering feedback on estimated blood alcohol concentration (eBAC; Promillekoll/PartyPlanner) or assessment only (n = 2166; 1:1:1 ratio). App participants with excessive drinking according to public health criteria (>9/>14 drinks/week for women/men, respectively) at a 7 week follow-up were additionally assigned to the skills-based TeleCoach app or waitlist (n = 186; 1:1 ratio). All participants were followed at 14 and 20 weeks. At 7 weeks, Promillekoll users showed higher risk of excessive drinking (odds ratio (OR) = 1.83; p ≤ 0.01; n = 1558). Students in eBAC app groups with only hazardous use showed fewer binge drinking occasions at 14 weeks and lower eBAC levels up to 20 weeks compared to controls (n = 1157). Also, more highly motivated participants at baseline in both eBAC app groups drank less compared to controls at 7 and 20 weeks. Hidden Markov model analysis revealed a frequent-heavy drinking group (n = 146; 4.6 days/week, SD = 1.4), where those with access to TeleCoach had fewer drinking days compared to assessment-only controls (p < 0.001). eBAC apps showed positive effects up to 20 weeks, particularly for motivated students, and a skills-based app can reduce consumption for those with frequent-heavy drinking patterns.

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Drinking Motives and Willingness to Drink Alcohol in Peer Drinking Contexts

Emerging Adulthood ◽

10.1177/2167696816636503 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 16-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kristen G. Anderson ◽

Tracey A. Garcia ◽

Genevieve F. Dash

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Emerging Adults ◽

Drinking Behavior ◽

Drinking Motives ◽

First Year ◽

Drinking Patterns ◽

Coping Motives ◽

Context Specific

Drinking motives are important proximal predictors of alcohol consumption in adolescents and emerging adults (EAs). Despite the importance of peer context on alcohol use decision-making, research on drinking motives is commonly divorced from the contexts where such decisions are made. Behavioral willingness (BW), or openness to engaging in a given behavior, is a contextually dependent aspect of nondeliberative decision-making for youth. As BW and drinking motives are proximal predictors of alcohol use, it was hypothesized that they would interact in the prediction of later drinking. Eighty-seven EAs reported their BW in simulated drinking contexts, drinking motives, and alcohol consumption upon entering college as well as drinking patterns 8 months later. Context-specific BW potentiated coping motives’ impact on increased alcohol consumption and potentially hazardous drinking at the end of participants’ first year. These findings support the importance of BW and context in understanding motivation’s role in drinking behavior for EAs.

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