scholarly journals Evaluating Smart Assistant Responses for Accuracy and Misinformation Regarding Human Papillomavirus Vaccination: Content Analysis Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Ferrand ◽  
Ryli Hockensmith ◽  
Rebecca Fagen Houghton ◽  
Eric R Walsh-Buhi
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Team Member ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Average Quality ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccination ◽  
Rigorous Evaluation ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Negative Sentiment

BACKGROUND Almost half (46%) of Americans have used a smart assistant of some kind (eg, Apple Siri), and 25% have used a stand-alone smart assistant (eg, Amazon Echo). This positions smart assistants as potentially useful modalities for retrieving health-related information; however, the accuracy of smart assistant responses lacks rigorous evaluation. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the levels of accuracy, misinformation, and sentiment in smart assistant responses to human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination–related questions. METHODS We systematically examined responses to questions about the HPV vaccine from the following four most popular smart assistants: Apple Siri, Google Assistant, Amazon Alexa, and Microsoft Cortana. One team member posed 10 questions to each smart assistant and recorded all queries and responses. Two raters independently coded all responses (κ=0.85). We then assessed differences among the smart assistants in terms of response accuracy, presence of misinformation, and sentiment regarding the HPV vaccine. RESULTS A total of 103 responses were obtained from the 10 questions posed across the smart assistants. Google Assistant data were excluded owing to nonresponse. Over half (n=63, 61%) of the responses of the remaining three smart assistants were accurate. We found statistically significant differences across the smart assistants (N=103, χ<sup>2</sup><sub>2</sub>=7.807, <i>P</i>=.02), with Cortana yielding the greatest proportion of misinformation. Siri yielded the greatest proportion of accurate responses (n=26, 72%), whereas Cortana yielded the lowest proportion of accurate responses (n=33, 54%). Most response sentiments across smart assistants were positive (n=65, 64%) or neutral (n=18, 18%), but Cortana’s responses yielded the largest proportion of negative sentiment (n=7, 12%). CONCLUSIONS Smart assistants appear to be average-quality sources for HPV vaccination information, with Alexa responding most reliably. Cortana returned the largest proportion of inaccurate responses, the most misinformation, and the greatest proportion of results with negative sentiments. More collaboration between technology companies and public health entities is necessary to improve the retrieval of accurate health information via smart assistants.

scholarly journals Evaluating Smart Assistant Responses for Accuracy and Misinformation Regarding Human Papillomavirus Vaccination: Content Analysis Study

10.2196/19018 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. e19018
Author(s):  
John Ferrand ◽  
Ryli Hockensmith ◽  
Rebecca Fagen Houghton ◽  
Eric R Walsh-Buhi
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Team Member ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Average Quality ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccination ◽  
Rigorous Evaluation ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Negative Sentiment

Background Almost half (46%) of Americans have used a smart assistant of some kind (eg, Apple Siri), and 25% have used a stand-alone smart assistant (eg, Amazon Echo). This positions smart assistants as potentially useful modalities for retrieving health-related information; however, the accuracy of smart assistant responses lacks rigorous evaluation. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the levels of accuracy, misinformation, and sentiment in smart assistant responses to human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination–related questions. Methods We systematically examined responses to questions about the HPV vaccine from the following four most popular smart assistants: Apple Siri, Google Assistant, Amazon Alexa, and Microsoft Cortana. One team member posed 10 questions to each smart assistant and recorded all queries and responses. Two raters independently coded all responses (κ=0.85). We then assessed differences among the smart assistants in terms of response accuracy, presence of misinformation, and sentiment regarding the HPV vaccine. Results A total of 103 responses were obtained from the 10 questions posed across the smart assistants. Google Assistant data were excluded owing to nonresponse. Over half (n=63, 61%) of the responses of the remaining three smart assistants were accurate. We found statistically significant differences across the smart assistants (N=103, χ22=7.807, P=.02), with Cortana yielding the greatest proportion of misinformation. Siri yielded the greatest proportion of accurate responses (n=26, 72%), whereas Cortana yielded the lowest proportion of accurate responses (n=33, 54%). Most response sentiments across smart assistants were positive (n=65, 64%) or neutral (n=18, 18%), but Cortana’s responses yielded the largest proportion of negative sentiment (n=7, 12%). Conclusions Smart assistants appear to be average-quality sources for HPV vaccination information, with Alexa responding most reliably. Cortana returned the largest proportion of inaccurate responses, the most misinformation, and the greatest proportion of results with negative sentiments. More collaboration between technology companies and public health entities is necessary to improve the retrieval of accurate health information via smart assistants.

scholarly journals Awareness and knowledge of human papillomavirus vaccination and their influential factors among Chinese women: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-326
Author(s):  
Gui-Dan Tang ◽  
Gu-Qing Zeng ◽  
Bi-Xia Zhao ◽  
Yun-Li Li ◽  
Rong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccination ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Multi Level

Abstract Objectives To systematically review the knowledge attitudes and the influential factors on human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among Chinese women. Methods Published studies on knowledge and attitudes of HPV vaccination for preventing cervical cancer among Chinese female population were retrieved using the major Chinese and English databases. Meanwhile, handwork retrieval was also conducted and the references including in the literature were retrieved. The quality of the literature was rigorously evaluated and extracted independently by two researchers and the data were analyzed and described by review manager 5.3 (RevMan5.3) software. Results In all, 19 articles including 8 articles in Chinese and 11 in English were chosen. A total of 30,176 participants were included and the sample size ranged from 64 to 6,024. The overall awareness of HPV and HPV vaccine among Chinese women was at a low level. Chinese women generally showed poor knowledge about HPV and HPV vaccine. Acceptance of HPV vaccination among Chinese women was at a high level. Vaccination intentions were influenced by the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and measured by attitudes subjective norms and perceived behavioral control. Conclusions The health authorities may evaluate and develop TPB-based interventions to increase HPV vaccination intentions of Chinese women. HPV vaccination programs should focus on carrying out multi-level and targeted health education and developing effective public health strategies after balancing the cost and benefit of HPV vaccine program. Medical staff should play the positive role in promoting the use of HPV vaccines in China. Integration of policy and community perspectives and multi-level interventions are essential to maximize the public health benefits of HPV vaccination.

scholarly journals HPV Vaccine Searches on Pinterest: Before and After Pinterest’s Actions to Moderate Content

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (S3) ◽  
pp. S305-S311
Author(s):  
Jeanine P. D. Guidry ◽  
Emily K. Vraga ◽  
Linnea I. Laestadius ◽  
Carrie A. Miller ◽  
Aurora Occa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Search Results ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Belief Model ◽  
The Health Belief Model

Objectives. To compare how human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination was portrayed on Pinterest before and after the platform acted to moderate vaccine-related search results to understand (1) what the information environment looked like previously and (2) whether Pinterest’s policy decisions improved this environment in terms of sources and content. Methods. In this quantitative content analysis, we compared 2 samples of 500 HPV vaccine–focused Pinterest posts (“pins”) collected before and after Pinterest’s actions to provide more reliable vaccine-related information. Pins were based on search results and were analyzed using the Health Belief Model. Results. The majority of preaction search results leaned toward vaccine skepticism, specifically focused on perceived vaccine barriers. Few pins were published by public health–related Pinterest accounts. Postaction search results showed a significant shift to HPV vaccination benefits, and the number of pins by government or medical accounts increased. However, the proportion of pins in search results containing HPV content of any type was significantly lower. Conclusions. Pinterest’s efforts to moderate vaccination discussions were largely successful. However, the ban also appeared to limit HPV vaccination search results overall, which may contribute to confusion or an information vacuum.

scholarly journals Online media scans: Applying systematic review techniques to assess statewide human papillomavirus vaccination activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Ann Groene ◽  
Inari Mohammed ◽  
Keith Horvath ◽  
Nicole E. Basta ◽  
Nicholas Yared ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccination ◽  
Research Activities

Background. Although the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been approved for use in adolescents in the US for over a decade, vaccination uptake remains low. Of concern, HPV vaccine coverage is below the national average in Minnesota, USA. To understand the reach of current HPV programming and research, we use an online media scan; this method may be applied to other jurisdictions to gain insight about various public health issues.Design and Methods. This online media scan describes the nature and scope of ongoing activities to increase HPV vaccination in Minnesota. The media scan included: a) structured internet searches of HPV vaccine health education/promotion activities ongoing in Minnesota since 2013, and b) searches in research databases of the published literature on HPV vaccination in Minnesota from 2013 to 2018. Results. Searches resulted in 880 online and 142 research article matches, with 40 and 36 meeting selection criteria. Results were categorized by activities focusing on race/ethnicity, sex, health providers, parents, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer or questioning (LGBTQ) populations, geographic location, catchup vaccination, and insurance status. Most activities were statewide (52% health education/promotion and 35% research), followed by activities located in entirely urban areas (15% health education/promotion and 41% research) with only 6% of health education/promotion activities and 2% of research activities carried out in entirely rural areas.Conclusions. A range of local and statewide HPV vaccine health education/promotion and research activities were identified in Minnesota. Several efforts partnered with American Indian and Somali/Somali-American communities, but fewer activities focused on HPV vaccination among LGBTQ youth and HPV vaccination in rural areas.

Human papillomavirus vaccination and sexual practices among men who have sex with men in Melbourne, Australia: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-317
Author(s):  
Eric PF Chow ◽  
Ei T Aung ◽  
Marcus Y Chen ◽  
Catriona S Bradshaw ◽  
Christopher K Fairley
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Hiv Negative

The aim of this study was to explore the factors associated with self-reported receipt of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine among men who have sex with men (MSM). MSM aged 16–40 years attending the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Australia, for their first visit in 2016 were included in the analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the association between self-reported HPV vaccination and sexual practices: one examining the sexual practices. A total of 1332 MSM with a mean age of 27.6 (standard error [SE] = 0.1) were included in the analysis. The mean number of reported male partners in the last 3 and 12 months was 4.0 (SE = 0.1) and 8.9 (SE = 0.4), respectively. Six percent ( n =  81) of MSM reported receiving the HPV vaccine. There was no significant association between sexual practices (the number of partners or condomless anal sex) and self-reported HPV vaccine receipt after adjusting for confounding factors such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). HIV-negative MSM taking PrEP were three times more likely to be vaccinated against HPV compared with HIV-negative MSM not taking PrEP in both multivariable analyses. Our findings suggest that there is no association between HPV vaccination and sexual risk practices in MSM.

Opportunities to increase rates of human papillomavirus vaccination in the New South Wales school program through enhanced catch-up

Sexual Health ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Staples ◽  
Michelle Butler ◽  
Jennifer Nguyen ◽  
David N. Durrheim ◽  
Patrick Cashman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Completion Rates ◽  
School Program ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccination ◽  
Catch Up

Background The National Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination Program provides HPV vaccine to high school students through school-based vaccination. We aimed to: 1) assess the vaccine completion rates achieved when general practice is used for completing doses missed at school; 2) estimate the extent of under-notification by general practices of vaccine doses administered; and 3) assess the reasons reported by parents of students for non-completion of HPV vaccination. Methods: A postal survey was conducted of parents and carers of students and identified, using school-program records, as incompletely vaccinated in a large regional area of northern NSW vaccinated during 2010. Information about additional HPV vaccine doses received or reasons for non-completion were sought. Responses were analysed and records cross-checked against the National HPV Vaccination Program Register. Results: Of 660 parents or carers contacted, 207 (31.4%) responded. We found: 1) completion rates increased, an additional 122/207 (45.2%) students had completed all three doses of HPV through their general practitioner (GP); 2) under-notification of GP doses to the National HPV Vaccination Program Register was an issue with only 5/165 (3.0%) reported; 3) the main reason for non-completion was being unaware of the opportunity to catch-up at a GP. Conclusions: Underreporting by GPs of HPV vaccine doses administered and failure to complete courses identifies two opportunities to increase HPV vaccine coverage. These could be addressed by extending provision of catch-up HPV doses in school and by developing practice software solutions for automatic notification of doses from GPs. Reasons given by parents for non-completion, mostly logistical barriers, indicate a high degree of acceptance of HPV vaccination.

Outreach and Reminders to Improve Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in an Integrated Primary Care System

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (13) ◽  
pp. 1523-1531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora B. Henrikson ◽  
Weiwei Zhu ◽  
Lauren Baba ◽  
Matthew Nguyen ◽  
Heidi Berthoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Health System ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccination ◽  
Vaccine Initiation ◽  
Series Completion ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

This study evaluated the impact of health system–based outreach and reminders on human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine series initiation and completion. Parents of 10 to 12 year olds (n = 1805) were randomized to receive either (1) an outreach letter and brochure recommending HPV vaccination followed by automated HPV vaccine reminders or (2) usual care. We interviewed a subset of 50 parents to assess program acceptability. Outcomes were HPV vaccine initiation during the study period and on-time series completion. Rates of HPV vaccine initiation during the study period (July 2015 to August 2016) were similar between the intervention and control groups, but initiation within 120 days of randomization was higher in the intervention group (23.6% and 18.8%, P = .04) as was completion during the study period (10.3% vs 6.8%, P = .04). Reminders for doses 2 and 3 did not affect completion. The program was acceptable to parents. This study provides evidence that health system–based outreach and reminders can improve HPV vaccination.

National survey of general practitioners' experience of delivering the National Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Program

Sexual Health ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M. L. Brotherton ◽  
Julie Leask ◽  
Cath Jackson ◽  
Kirsten McCaffery ◽  
Lyndal J. Trevena
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccination

Background: Between 2007 and 2009, Australian general practitioners (GPs) were involved in implementing a population-based human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program. We investigated GPs’ experiences of delivering the HPV vaccine to women aged 18–26. Methods: We posted a survey to 1000 GPs. The survey was informed by 12 domains incorporating constructs from psychological theories that focus on individual and environmental barriers and facilitators to effective implementation of evidence-based practice by health professionals. Results: The response rate was 32%. The 298 vaccinating GPs were positive about HPV vaccine implementation as part of their professional role as a worthwhile initiative within existing general practice infrastructure. They had more negative views about some aspects of program organisation, such as the timelines and potential adverse impacts on cervical screening rates. Vaccine safety was not a key concern. Actual levels of knowledge about HPV were moderate (mean score 3.41 out of 6 (s.d. 0.99)) and contrasted with self-rated knowledge, which was high (93% perceived their knowledge to be adequate). Notably, there were unrealistic expectations about the likely reduction in Pap abnormalities due to vaccination, which is important to clarify to avoid loss of confidence in the vaccine when this reduction does not eventuate. Conclusions: Australian GPs viewed HPV vaccination of women aged 18–26 years as an integrated part of their routine practice, with positive attitudes regarding its benefits and achievability. GPs are well placed to implement mass immunisation programs as long as they are supported by effective and timely communication strategies and resources.

scholarly journals Increasing Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Cervical Cancer Screening in Nigeria: An Assessment of Community-Based Educational Interventions

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
Chigozie Anastacia Nkwonta ◽  
DeAnne K. Hilfinger Messias ◽  
Tisha Felder ◽  
Kathryn Luchok
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccination ◽  
The Impact

We explored the impact of two community-based educational interventions on Nigerian adults’ knowledge and intention to take or encourage human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine and cervical screenings. Face-to-face presentation and printed pamphlet intervention were delivered to 266 men and women aged 18 to 65 years in 12 locations in urban setting. At baseline, the majority (80%) had poor knowledge of HPV, and less than 12% had ever received or have a family member who had received HPV vaccine or cervical screening. Postintervention, there was significant increase (>70%) in the participants knowledge and intention to take or encourage HPV vaccination and cervical screening. In addition, more than half were willing to pay for HPV vaccine and screening even when expensive. Gender-focused and context-specific low-cost community-based educational interventions are effective in increasing HPV vaccine and cervical screening in sub-Saharan Africa.

Missed Opportunities for Human Papillomavirus Vaccination by Parental Nativity, Minnesota, 2015-2018

2021 ◽  
pp. 003335492110272
Author(s):  
Emily A. Groene ◽  
Keith J. Horvath ◽  
Nicholas Yared ◽  
Inari Mohammed ◽  
Miriam Muscoplat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccination ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Vaccine Initiation ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Using Data

Objectives Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage in the United States is far below coverage for other routine adolescent vaccines. We examined whether missed opportunities for HPV vaccination among adolescents differ by parental nativity (country of origin) in Minnesota. Methods We retrospectively analyzed birth record and immunization information data for adolescents in Minnesota born during 2004-2007 using data from January 1, 2015, through December 31, 2018. Using logistic regression, we assessed the association between parental nativity and missed opportunities for HPV vaccine initiation, or receipt of other vaccines without receipt of the HPV vaccine. We adjusted for parent/child demographic and vaccination characteristics. We defined nativity as the number of non–US-born parents and maternal region of birth. Results Adolescents with mothers born in Eastern Europe (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.33; 95% CI, 2.01-2.73) and Africa (aOR = 1.36; 95% CI, 1.28-1.43) had greater adjusted odds of missed opportunities for HPV vaccination than adolescents with US-born mothers. However, adolescents with mothers from Latin America and the Caribbean had lower odds of missed opportunities than adolescents with US-born mothers (aOR = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.58-0.65). Adolescents with 1 or 2 non–US-born parents had lower odds of missed opportunities for HPV vaccination than adolescents with 2 US-born parents (1 parent: aOR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.88-0.96; 2 parents: aOR = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.87-0.94). Conclusions Future studies should evaluate outreach to groups with HPV vaccination disparities and identify other drivers of missed opportunities among adolescents with US-born parents, such as multiparity.

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