Machine Learning Applications in Mental health and Substance Use Research Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer or Questioning and Two-spirit Population: Scoping Review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anasua Kundu ◽  
Michael Chaiton ◽  
Rebecca Billington ◽  
Daniel Grace ◽  
Rui Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sexual Minority Women ◽  
Substance Addiction ◽  
Two Spirit

BACKGROUND People at high risk of mental health or substance addiction issues among sexual and gender minorities may have more nuanced characteristics that may not be easily discovered by traditional statistical methods. OBJECTIVE This review aimed at identifying literature that used machine learning to investigate mental health or substance use concerns among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer or questioning and two-spirit (LGBTQ2S+) population as well as directing future research in this field. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL Plus, PsycINFO and IEEE Xplore, Summon databases were searched from November to December 2020. We included original studies which used machine learning to explore mental health and/or substance use among LGBTQ2S+ population and excluded studies of genomics and pharmacokinetics. Two independent reviewers reviewed all papers and extracted data on general study findings, model development and discussion of study findings. RESULTS We included 11 studies in this review, of which 9 (82%) studies were on mental health and only 2 (18%) studies were on substance use concerns. All studies were published within last 2 years and majority were conducted in the Unites States. Among mutually non-exclusive population categories, sexual minorities male were the most commonly studied subgroup (n=5, 45%), while sexual minorities female were studied the least (n=2, 18%). Studies were categorized into 3 major domains: online content analysis (n=6, 55%), prediction modelling (n=4, 36%) and imaging study (n=1, 9%). CONCLUSIONS Machine learning can be a promising tool of capturing and analyzing hidden data of mental health and substance use concerns among LGBTQ2S+ people. In addition to conducting more research on sexual minority women, different mental health and substance use problems as well as outcomes, future research should explore newer environments and data sources and intersections with various social determinants of health.

scholarly journals Going virtual: youth attitudes toward and experiences of virtual mental health and substance use services during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa D. Hawke ◽  
Natasha Y. Sheikhan ◽  
Karen MacCon ◽  
Joanna Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Youth Mental Health ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Substance Use Services ◽  
Youth Attitudes ◽  
Virtual Services

Abstract Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, youth mental health and substance use services rapidly moved to virtual modalities to meet social distancing requirements. It is important to understand youth attitudes toward and experience of virtual services. Objective This study examined the attitudes toward and experiences of virtual mental health and substance use services among youth drawn from clinical and non-clinical samples. Method Four hundred nine youth completed a survey including questions about their attitudes toward and experience of virtual services. The survey included quantitative and open-ended questions on virtual care, as well as a mental health and substance use screener. Results The majority of youth with mental health or substance use challenges would be willing to consider individual virtual services, but fewer would consider group virtual services. However, many have not received virtual services. Youth are interested in accessing a wide variety of virtual services and other supportive wellness services. Advantages and disadvantages of virtual services are discussed, including accessibility benefits and technological barriers. Discussion As youth mental health and substance use services have rapidly gone virtual during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is essential that we hear the perspectives of youth to promote service utilization among those in need. Diverse, accessible, technologically stable virtual services are required to meet the needs of different youth, possibly with in-person options for some youth. Future research, engaging youth in the research process, is needed to evaluate the efficacy of virtual services to plan for the sustainability of some virtual service gains beyond the pandemic period.

Indigenous American/Two-Spirit Mental Health

2020 ◽  
pp. 207-220
Author(s):  
Naomi Bird ◽  
Margaret Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Culturally Informed ◽  
Two Spirit ◽  
Mental Wellness ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Minority People

While many Indigenous languages have terms for individuals who combine masculinity with femininity in some way, Indigenous gender minority people have increasingly come to self-identify using the pan-Indigenous term “two-spirit.” This chapter examines key factors shaping the mental wellness of two-spirit people, such as the negative impact of residential and boarding school incarceration, and highlights available data on anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, suicidality, and substance use. Reducing the mental health disparities that two-spirit people face is made more challenging by the lack of culturally informed and supportive health services. The authors describe factors that may buffer the minority stressors that lead to negative mental health outcomes and may increase wellness. The chapter concludes with a discussion of promising directions for future research.

Occupational Risk Factors and the Mental Health of Women Firefighters

2021 ◽  
pp. 1137-1153
Author(s):  
Brittany Sara Hollerbach
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Fire Service ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Occupational Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Gear ◽  
Women Firefighters ◽  
Key Issues

Firefighting is an inherently dangerous occupation, yet little is known about the mental health of firefighters, and even less is known about women firefighters specifically. The purpose of this chapter is to examine relevant literature pertaining to firefighters and mental health with a specific focus on behavioral health aspects that may impact the mental health of women firefighters. There are key issues women in the fire service face that are likely related to their mental health including bullying and harassment, substance use, job satisfaction, fitness, protective gear, and injury. By identifying issues related to the mental health of women firefighters, the authors provide direction for future research and guidance for policy guidelines for the fire service.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurial Disappointment: Let Down and Breaking Down, a Machine-Learning Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 104225872096444
Author(s):  
Amanda Jasmine Williamson ◽  
Andreana Drencheva ◽  
Martina Battisti
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Learning Study ◽  
Affective Experiences

Despite its importance, our understanding of what entrepreneurial disappointment is, its attributions, and how it relates to depression is limited. Drawing on a corpus of 27,906 semi-anonymous online posts, we identified entrepreneurial disappointment, inductively uncovered its attributions and examined how depression differs between attributions. We found that posts with internal, stable, and global disappointment attributions (e.g., not fitting entrepreneurial norms) are, on average, higher in depression symptoms than posts with external, unstable, and specific disappointment attributions (e.g., firm performance). Our findings offer novel theoretical and methodological avenues for future research on entrepreneurs’ affective experiences and mental health.

How Does Spiritual Intelligence Relate to Mental Health in a Western Sample?

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek A. Giannone ◽  
Daniel Kaplin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Spiritual Intelligence ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cast Doubt

This study investigates a recently developed model of spiritual intelligence in relation to the common mental health concerns of depression, anxiety, and substance use. Three-hundred and fifty-three undergraduate psychology students responded to the Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale–Revised, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and the Drug, Alcohol, and Nicotine scale. We hypothesized spiritual intelligence would be negatively associated with the study’s mental health outcomes. A secondary aim was to examine the contributions of spiritual intelligence model components to mental health. Overall spiritual intelligence was not associated with anxiety, depression, or substance use. Examination of the relationships between spiritual intelligence components and mental health suggested this model lacks cohesiveness in relation to mental health. While the capacity to critically examine existential issues was associated with increased depression and anxiety, the ability to draw meaning and purpose from experience was associated with improvements in all mental health outcomes. These findings cast doubt on the construct of spiritual intelligence and suggest that existential thinking and the production of meaning may be closely related to mental health. Future research should explore differences in spiritual intelligence components and their associations with mental health among varying religious affiliations.

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