scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccination and the Daily Cases, Hospitalizations and Death Rates: a Case Study of Tennessee in the United States. (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Roghani
Keyword(s):  
Death Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Health Department ◽  
The United States ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Hospitalization Rate ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Vaccination Rates

BACKGROUND The COVID-19 outbreak highlights the vulnerability to novel infections, and vaccination remains a foreseeable method to return to normal life. However, infrastructure is inadequate for the vaccination of the whole population immediately. Therefore, policies have adopted a strategy to vaccinate the elderly and vulnerable populations while delaying others. OBJECTIVE This study uses the Tennessee official statistic to understand how age-specific vaccination strategies reduce daily cases, hospitalization, and death rate. METHODS The research used publicly available data of COVID-19, including vaccination rates, positive cases, hospitalizations, and death from the health department of Tennessee. This study targeted from the first date of vaccinations, December 17, 2020, to March 3, 2021. The rates were adjusted by data from U.S. Census Bureau (2019), and the age groups were stratified at ten-year intervals from the age of 21. RESULTS The result shows that vaccination strategy can reduce the numbers of patients with COVID-19 in all age groups with lower hospitalization and death rates in older. The elderly had a 95% lower death rate from December to March, while no change in the death rate in other age groups. The hospitalization rate was reduced by 80% for people aged 80 or older, while people who were between 50 to 70 had almost the same hospitalization rate. CONCLUSIONS The study indicates that targeting older age groups for vaccination is the optimal way to avoid higher transmissions, reduce hospitalization and death rates. CLINICALTRIAL

scholarly journals The Influence of Covid-19 Vaccine on Daily Cases, Hospitalization, and Death Rate in Tennessee: A Case Study in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Roghani
Keyword(s):  
Death Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hospitalization Rate ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Lower Death Rate

The COVID-19 outbreak highlights the vulnerability to novel infections, and vaccination remains a foreseeable method to return to normal life. However, infrastructure is inadequate for the whole population to be vaccinated immediately. Therefore, policies have adopted a strategy to vaccinate the elderly and vulnerable population while delaying others. This study uses the Tennessee official statistic from the onset of COVID vaccination (17th of December 2021) to understand how age-specific vaccination strategies reduce daily cases, hospitalization, and death rate. The result shows that vaccination strategy can significantly influence the numbers of patients with COVID-19 in all age groups and lower hospitalization and death rates just in older age groups. The Elderly had a 95% lower death rate from December to March; however, and no change in the death rate in other age groups. The Hospitalization rate was reduced by 80% in this study cohort for people aged 80 or older, while people who were between 50 to 70 had almost the same hospitalization rate. The study indicates that vaccination targeting older age groups is the optimal way to avoid higher transmissions and reduce hospitalization and death rate for older groups.

Big Data Driven Clinical Informatics & Surveillance (BDD_CIS) – A Multimodal Database Focused Clinical, Community, and Multi-Omics Surveillance Plan for COVID-19: A study Protocol (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bankole Olatosi ◽  
Jiajia Zhang ◽  
Sharon Weissman ◽  
Zhenlong Li ◽  
Jianjun Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Patient Registries ◽  
Multiple Partner ◽  
Multimodal Data

BACKGROUND The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) remains a serious global pandemic. Currently, all age groups are at risk for infection but the elderly and persons with underlying health conditions are at higher risk of severe complications. In the United States (US), the pandemic curve is rapidly changing with over 6,786,352 cases and 199,024 deaths reported. South Carolina (SC) as of 9/21/2020 reported 138,624 cases and 3,212 deaths across the state. OBJECTIVE The growing availability of COVID-19 data provides a basis for deploying Big Data science to leverage multitudinal and multimodal data sources for incremental learning. Doing this requires the acquisition and collation of multiple data sources at the individual and county level. METHODS The population for the comprehensive database comes from statewide COVID-19 testing surveillance data (March 2020- till present) for all SC COVID-19 patients (N≈140,000). This project will 1) connect multiple partner data sources for prediction and intelligence gathering, 2) build a REDCap database that links de-identified multitudinal and multimodal data sources useful for machine learning and deep learning algorithms to enable further studies. Additional data will include hospital based COVID-19 patient registries, Health Sciences South Carolina (HSSC) data, data from the office of Revenue and Fiscal Affairs (RFA), and Area Health Resource Files (AHRF). RESULTS The project was funded as of June 2020 by the National Institutes for Health. CONCLUSIONS The development of such a linked and integrated database will allow for the identification of important predictors of short- and long-term clinical outcomes for SC COVID-19 patients using data science.

Population-level analysis of antibiotic use and death rates in beef feedlots over ten years in three cattle-feeding regions of the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Stephanie C. Rutten-Ramos ◽  
Shabbir Simjee ◽  
Michelle S. Calvo-Lorenzo ◽  
Jason L. Bargen
Keyword(s):  
Death Rate ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Cattle Feeding ◽  
The Us ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
Beef Feedlots

Abstract OBJECTIVE To assess antibiotic use and other factors associated with death rates in beef feedlots in 3 regions of the US over a 10-year period. SAMPLE Data for 186,297 lots (groups) of finished cattle marketed between 2010 and 2019 were obtained from a database representing feedlots in the central, high, and north plains of the US. PROCEDURES Descriptive statistics were generated. Generalized linear mixed models were used to estimate lot death rates for each region, sex (steer or heifer), and cattle origin (Mexico or the US) combination. Death rate was calculated as the (number of deaths/number of cattle placed in the lot) × 100. Lot antibiotic use (TotalActiveMG/KGOut) was calculated as the total milligrams of active antibiotics assigned to the lot per live weight (in kilograms) of cattle marketed from the lot. Rate ratios were calculated to evaluate the respective associations between lot death rate and characteristics of cattle and antibiotic use. RESULTS Mean death rate increased during the 10-year period, peaking in 2018. Mean number of days on feed also increased over time. Mean TotalActiveMG/KGOut was greatest in 2014 and 2015, lowest in 2017, and moderated in 2018 and 2019. Death rate was positively associated with the number of days on feed and had a nonlinear association with TotalActiveMG/KGOut. Feeding medicated feed articles mitigated death rate. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested a balance between disease prevention and control in feedlots for cattle with various risk profiles. Additional data sources are needed to assess TotalActiveMG/KGOut across the cattle lifetime.

Calculating Age-Standardized Death Rates Among People With HIV Comparable Across Jurisdictions and Over Time

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
Qiang Xia ◽  
Ying Sun ◽  
Chitra Ramaswamy ◽  
Lucia V. Torian ◽  
Wenhui Li
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Over Time

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and local health jurisdictions have been using HIV surveillance data to monitor mortality among people with HIV in the United States with age-standardized death rates, but the principles of age standardization have not been consistently followed, making age standardization lose its purpose—comparison over time, across jurisdictions, or by other characteristics. We review the current practices of age standardization in calculating death rates among people with HIV in the United States, discuss the principles of age standardization including those specific to the HIV population whose age distribution differs markedly from that of the US 2000 standard population, make recommendations, and report age-standardized death rates among people with HIV in New York City. When we restricted the analysis population to adults aged between 18 and 84 years in New York City, the age-standardized death rate among people with HIV decreased from 20.8 per 1000 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 19.2, 22.3) in 2013 to 17.1 per 1000 (95% CI = 15.8, 18.3) in 2017, and the age-standardized death rate among people without HIV decreased from 5.8 per 1000 in 2013 to 5.5 per 1000 in 2017.

Intergenerational Transfers and Public Expenditure on the Elderly in Modern Britain

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Johnson ◽  
Jane Falkingham
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Generational Conflict ◽  
The Us ◽  
Families With Children ◽  
Poor Children

ABSTRACTIn the United States, much attention has recently been directed to the issue of whether the welfare system has become over-generous to the retired population, at the expense of families with children. The proportion of the US elderly population living in poverty has fallen significantly in the last fifteen years while the number of poor children has increased rapidly, and it has been suggested that this lack of investment in the next generation of workers may have disastrous longterm consequences for the U.S. economy. This paper considers whether similar trends are evident in Britain. It reviews data on the poverty and income of the elderly population, and finds little unequivocal evidence of relative economic gain over the last two decades, although it is clear that many children have suffered from the recent rise in unemployment-induced poverty. It also looks at direct public expenditure on the elderly through both the pension and the health and personal social services systems, and finds no evidence of a transfer of public resources away from children and towards the elderly population. The paper concludes that the British welfare state has been remarkably neutral in its allocation of resources between generations, and that, in the British context, any discussion of inter-generational conflict for welfare resources establishes a false dichotomy, because economic inequality within broad age groups is much greater than inequality between age groups.

scholarly journals Incidence of SARs-CoV-2 (Dikos-Ntsaaigii-19) Among Navajo Nation Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Angel De Soto ◽  
Babatunde Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Transduction Pathway ◽  
Bureau Of Indian Affairs ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Navajo Nation ◽  
Death Rates

On March 17, 2020 the SARs-CoV-2 virus was first reported on the Navajo Reservation. Today, the Navajo Nation has a 147% higher infection rate and a 450% higher death rate than the national average. Despite this tragedy, a glaring question remains, what is happening among the Navajo children. The study found that Navajo children had an infection rate 220% higher than the general population and a death rate from COVID 1,400% greater than non-Navajo in the United States. This occurs even though of Navajo children having a much higher vaccination rate of 68% compared to about 25% of children Nationwide. The introduction of SARs-CoV variants such as the alpha and omicron variants did not seem to play a role in these findings. The higher infection rates suggest a genetic predisposition among the Navajo to SARs-CoV-2 via the ACE-2 receptor and signal transduction pathway while the increased death rates may also suggest inferior care provided by the Bureau of Indian Affairs Hospitals.

scholarly journals Mathematical modeling of vaccination rollout and NPIs lifting on COVID-19 transmission with VOC: a case study in Toronto, Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Aruffo ◽  
Pei Yuan ◽  
Yi Tan ◽  
Evgenia Gatov ◽  
Iain Moyles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
Initial Strategy ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Waning Immunity ◽  
Nonpharmaceutical Interventions ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Background: Since December 2020, public health agencies have implemented a variety of vaccination strategies to curb the spread of SARS-CoV-2, along with pre-existing Nonpharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs). Initial strategy focused on vaccinating the elderly to prevent hospitalizations and deaths. With vaccines becoming available to the broader population, we aimed to determine the optimal strategy to enable the safe lifting of NPIs while avoiding virus resurgence. Methods: We developed a compartmental deterministic SEIR model to simulate the lifting of NPIs under different vaccination rollout scenarios. Using case and vaccination data from Toronto, Canada between December 28, 2020 and May 19, 2021, we estimated transmission throughout past stages of NPI escalation/relaxation to compare the impact of lifting NPIs on different dates on cases, hospitalizations, and deaths, given varying degrees of vaccine coverages by 20-year age groups, accounting for waning immunity. Results: We found that, once coverage among the elderly is high enough (80% with at least one dose), the main age groups to target are 20-39 and 40-59 years, whereby first-dose coverage of at least 70% by mid-June 2021 is needed to minimize the possibility of resurgence if NPIs are to be lifted in the summer. While a resurgence was observed for every scenario of NPI lifting, we also found that under an optimistic vaccination coverage (70% by mid-June, postponing reopening from August 2021 to September 2021can reduce case counts and severe outcomes by roughly 80% by December 31, 2021. Conclusions: Our results suggest that focusing the vaccination strategy on the working-age population can curb the spread of SARS-CoV-2. However, even with high vaccination coverage in adults, lifting NPIs to pre-pandemic levels is not advisable since a resurgence is expected to occur, especially with earlier reopening.

scholarly journals Trend of fall-related mortality among the elderly

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yara Cristina Martins Monteiro ◽  
Maria Aparecida da Silva Vieira ◽  
Priscila Valverde de Oliveira Vitorino ◽  
Silvio José de Queiroz ◽  
Gabriela Moreira Policena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Information System ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Temporal Trend ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Variation Rate ◽  
Related Mortality

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the temporal trend of fall-related mortality in elderly in Brazil from 2008 to 2016. Method: Study of time series of rates of fall-related mortality according to CID-10 from 2008 to 2016. Data from the Mortality Information System on death registers of people ≥ 60 living in Brazil were used. The specific rates of fall-related mortality among the elderly were calculated through the ratio between the number of deaths and the elderly population of that year and region. The populational information was obtained from the 2000 and 2010 censuses. The variation rate and temporal trend were obtained through linear regression (p < 0.05). Results: The fall-related deaths among the elderly aged ≥ 60 amounted to 72,234 (31.2%). Falls from the same level were the most frequent (53.8%) and death rates in all ages ranged from 29.7 to 44.7 per 100,000 elders. Fall-related deaths increased with age. Conclusion: There was a growing trend of fall-related deaths among elderly in all age groups, an event which is avoidable through the adoption of preventive measures. The high rates and growing trend of fall-related deaths, as well as the aging of the Brazilian population, suggest that public policies for protecting the elderly must be prioritized.

scholarly journals The Effect of Gender on Covid-19 Infections and Mortality in Germany: Insights From Age- and Sex-Specific Modelling of Contact Rates, Infections, and Deaths

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achim Dörre ◽  
Gabriele Doblhammer
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Contact Rates ◽  
Age And Sex

BackgroundRecent research points towards age- and sex-specific transmission of COVID-19 infections and their outcomes. The effect of sex, however, has been overlooked in past modelling approaches of COVID-19 infections.AimThe aim of our study is to develop an age- and sex-specific model of COVID-19 transmission and to explore how contact changes effect COVID-19 infection and death rates.MethodWe consider a compartment model to establish forecasts of the COVID-19 epidemic, in which the compartments are subdivided into different age groups and genders. Estimated contact patterns, based on other studies, are incorporated to account for age- and sex-specific social behaviour. The model is fitted to real data and used for assessing hypothetical scenarios with regard to lockdown measures.ResultsUnder current mitigation measures as of mid-August, active COVID-19 cases will double by the end of October 2020. Infection rates will be highest among the young and working ages, but will also rise among the old. Sex ratios reveal higher infection risks among women than men at working ages; the opposite holds true at old age. Death rates in all age groups are twice as high among men as women. Small changes in contact rates at working and young ages may have a considerable effect on infections and mortality at old age, with elderly men being always at higher risk of infection and mortality.DiscussionOur results underline the high importance of the non-pharmaceutical mitigation measures in low-infection phases of the pandemic to prevent that an increase in contact rates leads to higher mortality among the elderly. Gender differences in contact rates, in addition to biological mechanisms related to the immune system, may contribute to sex-specific infection rates and their mortality outcome. To further explore possible pathways, more data on COVID-19 transmission is needed which includes socio-demographic information.

scholarly journals STUDI LITERATUR: PENGARUH TERAPI PIJAT REFLEKSI KAKI TERHADAP KUALITAS TIDUR LANJUT USIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Chaerun Nissa ◽  
Ashar Prima ◽  
Fauziah Hamid Wada ◽  
Puji Astuti ◽  
Salamah T Batubara
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Scientific Paper ◽  
The United States ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
World Health

WHO states that Indonesia's population is the fourth largest population after China, India, and the United States. According to the 2013 World Health Statistics data, the population of China is 1.35 billion, India is 1.24 billion, the United States 313 million, and Indonesia is in fourth place with 242 million WHO population predicts that by 2020 the estimated number of Indonesia's elderly will be around 80,000,000. Cases of insomnia in the elderly are higher than in other age groups, which is 12–39%. One therapy that can overcome sleep disorders in the elderly is foot reflexology massage therapy. This literature review aims to determine the effect of foot reflexology massage in the elderly who experience sleep disorders. The design in this scientific paper is a literature review search using an electronic data base that is google scholar and pubmed. The keywords used in the search are elderly, foot reflexology, sleep of quality. The inclusion criteria used in the article are full text accessible in English and Indonesian, the year of the journal used is limited to the last ten years. The results found 1 article from Google Scholar and 2 articles from PubMed discussing the effectiveness of foot reflexology massage on improving sleep quality in the elderly. Literature review results from the three articles show that foot reflexology is effective in improving sleep quality in the elderly.  

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